Imvelo

Lesi sigaba sihlola izindleko zemvelo zezolimo zezilwane zezimboni—izindleko ezivame ukufihlwa ngemuva kokupakisha okuhlanzekile nokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Lapha, sembula izinhlelo ezibangela ukuwa kwemvelo: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amaningi emvula ukuze kudliwe futhi kudliwe izitshalo, ukuncipha kolwandle ngokudoba kwezimboni, ukungcoliswa kwemifula nenhlabathi yimfucuza yezilwane, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi anamandla okushisa njenge-methane ne-nitrous oxide. Lokhu akuyona imiphumela ehlukanisiwe noma engalindelekile—zakhelwe eqondweni lohlelo oluphatha izilwane njengemikhiqizo kanye neplanethi njengethuluzi.
Kusukela ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kuya ekufudumaleni komkhathi, ukulima kwezimboni kuyisisekelo sezinkinga zethu zemvelo eziphuthumayo kakhulu. Lesi sigaba sichaza lezi zingozi ezihlanganisiwe ngokugxila ezindikimbeni ezintathu ezihlobene: Ukulimala Kwemvelo, okuveza ubukhulu bokubhujiswa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcola, kanye nokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala; Izinhlelo Zemvelo Zasolwandle, eziveza umthelela omubi wokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kolwandle; kanye Nokusimama Nezixazululo, okukhomba indlela eya ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, imikhuba yokuvuselela, kanye noshintsho lwesistimu. Ngalezi lensi, siphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi ukulimala kwemvelo kuyindleko edingekayo yentuthuko.
Indlela eya phambili ayigcini nje ngokuba nokwenzeka—isivele iyavela. Ngokuqaphela ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla, izimiso zemvelo, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokuziphatha, singaqala ukwakha kabusha ubudlelwano bethu nomhlaba wemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikumema ukuthi uhlole kokubili inkinga kanye nezixazululo, ukufakaza nokwenza okuthile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, siqinisekisa umbono wokuzinza hhayi njengomhlatshelo, kodwa njengokwelashwa; hhayi njengomkhawulo, kodwa njengokukhululwa—koMhlaba, kwezilwane, kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka nokukhula, nesidingo sokudla siyakhula. Omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamaprotheni ekudleni kwethu inyama, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kunemiphumela ebalulekile emvelweni. Ikakhulukazi, isidingo esikhulayo senyama sinegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala, okuyizinsongo ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala. Sizohlola izinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukwanda kwesidingo senyama, umthelela wokukhiqizwa kwenyama ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa lezi zinkinga. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala, singasebenza ekudaleni ikusasa elizinzile kakhulu leplanethi yethu kanye nathi ngokwethu. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuthinta amazinga okugawulwa kwamahlathi I …

Njengoba kuqwashiswa ngomthelela omubi wemikhuba yethu yokudla yansuku zonke emvelweni kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusetshenziswa kokuziphatha okuhle kuye kwaba yisihloko esivelele emphakathini wanamuhla. Njengoba sibhekene nemiphumela yezenzo zethu, kubalulekile ukucabangela kabusha ukukhetha kwethu kokudla kanye nemiphumela yako. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhuthazwa kokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuye kwanda njengendlela yokunciphisa umthelela wethu wekhabhoni nokukhuthaza ukuphathwa kwezilwane ngokuziphatha okuhle. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izizathu ezahlukahlukene zokuthi kungani ukushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungasiza endleleni yokuphila eqhubekayo nenesimilo. Sizohlola izinzuzo zemvelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama nobisi, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha okuzungeze imboni yezolimo zezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlola ukuthambekela okukhula kwezindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nomthelela ezinawo empilweni yethu kanye nenhlalakahle iyonke yeplanethi. Ngu …

Ukufuya izilwane bekulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempucuko yabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kuhlinzeka ngomthombo obalulekile wokudla kanye nokuziphilisa emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula nokuqina kwalo mkhakha emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kube nemiphumela ebalulekile empilweni nasekuhlukeni kwezindawo zemvelo zomhlaba wethu. Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, esiqhutshwa ukwanda kwabantu kanye nokushintsha kokudla okuthandayo, siholele ekwandeni kokufuya izilwane, okuholele ekushintsheni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlukahlukaneni kwezinto eziphilayo, nezinhlobo eziningi ezibhekene nokuqothulwa kanye nezindawo zemvelo eziguqulwa ngokungenakuguqulwa. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuthembela ekufuyeni izilwane ukuze sithole ukondla kanye nokukhula komnotho, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokubhekana nemiphumela yalo mkhakha ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene ukufuya izilwane okuye kwafaka ngazo isandla ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona …

Njengomphakathi, sekuyisikhathi eside selulekwa ukuba sidle ukudla okunempilo nokuhlukahlukene ukuze silondoloze impilo yethu yonke kanye nenhlalakahle. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva ziveze izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokudla imikhiqizo ethile esuselwa ezilwaneni, njengenyama nobisi. Nakuba lezi zinto zokudla bezilokhu zibalulekile ekudleni nasemasikweni amaningi, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumela emibi engaba khona emizimbeni yethu. Kusukela engcupheni enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kuya ekuchayekeni okungenzeka kube khona kuma-hormone namagciwane ayingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokudla inyama nobisi, kanye nokuhlola ezinye izindlela zokudla ezingazuzisa impilo yethu kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu. Ngomsindo wobungcweti, sizohlola ubufakazi futhi sinikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile …

Ukulima kwasefektri, okwaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezimboni, sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Le ndlela ihilela ukukhulisa inani elikhulu lemfuyo ezindaweni ezivalekile, ngenhloso eyinhloko yokwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokondla inani labantu elikhulayo, imiphumela emibi yokulima kwasefektri ezindaweni zemvelo zasendaweni kanye nemvelo iyonke ayinakunakwa. Kusukela ekungcolisweni kwemithombo yamanzi kuya ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo, imiphumela yalolu hlobo lwezolimo oluthuthukile ifinyelela kude futhi iyingozi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile imiphumela emibi yokulima kwasefektri ezindaweni zemvelo zasendaweni, futhi sihlole izindlela esingakhulisa ngazo ulwazi ngale nkinga ephuthumayo. Ngokuqonda ububanzi benkinga nokuthatha isinyathelo sokuyixazulula, singasebenza ekwakheni uhlelo lokudla oluhlala isikhathi eside nolunobungane nemvelo …

Sawubona, bathandi bezilwane kanye nabangani abaqaphela imvelo! Namuhla, sizongena esihlokweni esingase singabi mnandi kakhulu ukuxoxa ngaso, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu: amapulazi asefektri. Le misebenzi emikhulu ayigcini nje ngokukhiqiza ukudla ngezinga elikhulu - futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni izifo nasekudaleni umonakalo emvelweni. Ake sihlole uhlangothi olumnyama lokulima kwasefektri nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ukudluliswa Kwezifo Emapulazini asefektri Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu ngamapulazi asefektri ukuthi angaba kanjani indawo yokuzalela izifo. Cabanga ngalokhu: izilwane ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ezindaweni ezivalekile, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi izifo zisabalale njengomlilo wasendle. Ukusondelana nezimo ezicindezelayo zenza buthaka amasosha omzimba azo, okwenza zibe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yizifo. Lokhu, nakho, kwandisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane ngaphakathi epulazini. Yini ngisho …

Ulwandle lumboza ngaphezu kuka-70% wobuso boMhlaba futhi luyikhaya lezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sezinhlanzi zasolwandle siholele ekukhuleni kwamapulazi olwandle nezinhlanzi njengendlela yokudoba okusimeme. La mapulazi, aziwa nangokuthi ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, avame ukunconywa njengesixazululo sokudoba ngokweqile kanye nendlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso kukhona iqiniso elimnyama lomthelela la mapulazi anawo ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini. Nakuba zingase zibonakale njengesixazululo ebusweni, iqiniso liwukuthi amapulazi olwandle nezinhlanzi angaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni nasezilwaneni ezibiza ulwandle njengekhaya. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena shí ezweni lokufuywa kolwandle nezinhlanzi futhi sidalule imiphumela efihliwe esongela izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ethu. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane kuya ku-…

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo wezolimo zamaselula, owaziwa nangokuthi inyama ekhuliswe elebhu, uthole ukunakwa okukhulu njengesixazululo esingaba khona enkingeni yokudla yomhlaba wonke ezayo. Le ndlela entsha ihilela ukukhulisa izicubu zezilwane endaweni yelabhorethri, isusa isidingo sokulima izilwane zendabuko. Ngenkathi izinzuzo zemvelo nezokuziphatha zezolimo zamaselula zivunywa kabanzi, kube nocwaningo olulinganiselwe ngemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona yokudla inyama ekhuliswe elebhu. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi buthola ukusebenza kwezentengiselwano, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokuqonda imiphumela engaba khona yezempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isimo samanje sezolimo zamaselula futhi sixoxe ngemiphumela engaba khona yezempilo engaba nayo kubathengi kanye nohlelo olukhulu lokudla. Njengoba isidingo sokukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme nokuziphatha sikhula, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokujulile zonke izici zezolimo zamaselula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi …

Njengoba inani lomhlaba wonke liqhubeka nokwanda futhi isidingo sokudla sanda, imboni yezolimo ibhekene nengcindezi ekhuphuka ingcindezi yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngenkathi igqugquzela umthelela wayo wezemvelo. Indawo eyodwa yokukhathazeka ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, okuxhunyaniswe neminikelo ebalulekile ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esithembisayo esithola ukugcwala emphakathini wezolimo sizolimo sezolimo. Lo mkhuba wokulima, osuselwa ezimisweni zokusimama kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo, ugxile ekwakheni inhlabathi enempilo nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo. Ngokubeka phambili impilo yenhlabathi, ezolimo zokuvuselela amandla anamandla okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla ekhiqizwayo, kepha futhi anciphise imithelela emibi yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo wezolimo kabusha kanye namandla ayo okubhekana nezinselelo zezemvelo ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama. Sizokwelulela isayensi ngemuva kwale ndlela yokulima, izinzuzo zayo, ...