Imvelo

Lesi sigaba sihlola izindleko zemvelo zezolimo zezilwane zezimboni—izindleko ezivame ukufihlwa ngemuva kokupakisha okuhlanzekile nokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Lapha, sembula izinhlelo ezibangela ukuwa kwemvelo: ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amaningi emvula ukuze kudliwe futhi kudliwe izitshalo, ukuncipha kolwandle ngokudoba kwezimboni, ukungcoliswa kwemifula nenhlabathi yimfucuza yezilwane, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi anamandla okushisa njenge-methane ne-nitrous oxide. Lokhu akuyona imiphumela ehlukanisiwe noma engalindelekile—zakhelwe eqondweni lohlelo oluphatha izilwane njengemikhiqizo kanye neplanethi njengethuluzi.
Kusukela ekubhujisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kuya ekufudumaleni komkhathi, ukulima kwezimboni kuyisisekelo sezinkinga zethu zemvelo eziphuthumayo kakhulu. Lesi sigaba sichaza lezi zingozi ezihlanganisiwe ngokugxila ezindikimbeni ezintathu ezihlobene: Ukulimala Kwemvelo, okuveza ubukhulu bokubhujiswa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcola, kanye nokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala; Izinhlelo Zemvelo Zasolwandle, eziveza umthelela omubi wokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kolwandle; kanye Nokusimama Nezixazululo, okukhomba indlela eya ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, imikhuba yokuvuselela, kanye noshintsho lwesistimu. Ngalezi lensi, siphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi ukulimala kwemvelo kuyindleko edingekayo yentuthuko.
Indlela eya phambili ayigcini nje ngokuba nokwenzeka—isivele iyavela. Ngokuqaphela ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwezinhlelo zethu zokudla, izimiso zemvelo, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokuziphatha, singaqala ukwakha kabusha ubudlelwano bethu nomhlaba wemvelo. Lesi sigaba sikumema ukuthi uhlole kokubili inkinga kanye nezixazululo, ukufakaza nokwenza okuthile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, siqinisekisa umbono wokuzinza hhayi njengomhlatshelo, kodwa njengokwelashwa; hhayi njengomkhawulo, kodwa njengokukhululwa—koMhlaba, kwezilwane, kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.

I-nitrogen iyinto ebalulekile empilweni eMhlabeni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lingena emvelweni, lingaba nemiphumela emibi ezindaweni zemvelo nasempilweni yabantu. Omunye wabanegalelo elikhulu kule nkinga umkhakha wezolimo, ikakhulukazi ezolimo zezilwane. Ukukhiqizwa nokuphathwa kwemfuyo, okuhlanganisa izinkomo, izinkukhu, nezingulube, kuye kwaxhunyaniswa namazinga abalulekile okungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen. Lesi simo senzeka ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umanyolo kanye nomquba, okucebile nge-nitrogen, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-ammonia okukhiqizwa yindle yezilwane. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni jikelele, nokukhathazeka ngomthelela wezolimo zezilwane ekungcolisweni kwe-nitrogen kuyanda. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen, sihlole izimbangela zalo, imiphumela, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona. Ngokuqonda lobu budlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi, …

Ukulima kwasefektri, indlela ethuthuke kakhulu futhi ejulile yokukhulisa izilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla, sekuyinkinga enkulu kwezemvelo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza izilwane eziningi ukuze zidliwe ayiphakamisi nje imibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane kodwa futhi inomthelela omubi emhlabeni. Nazi amaqiniso ayi-11 abalulekile mayelana namapulazi asefektri kanye nemiphumela yawo kwezemvelo: 1- Ukukhishwa Okukhulu Kwegesi Ebamba Ukushisa Amapulazi asefektri angenye yezinto ezihamba phambili ekukhiqizweni kwamagesi obamba ukufudumala komhlaba, ekhipha inani elikhulu le-methane ne-nitrous oxide emkhathini. Lawa magesi anamandla kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide endimeni yawo ekufudumaleni komhlaba, kanti i-methane isebenza kahle izikhathi ezingama-28 ekubambeni ukushisa esikhathini seminyaka eyi-100, kanti i-nitrous oxide inamandla izikhathi ezingama-298. Umthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kwe-methane kwezolimo zasefektri uvela ezilwaneni ezelusayo, njengezinkomo, izimvu, nezimbuzi, ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-methane ngesikhathi sokugaya …

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo oluthuthukile lokukhulisa imfuyo yokukhiqiza ukudla, kube yimikhosi yokushayela ngemuva kokudla komhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso bale mboni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enenzuzo kutholakala izindleko ezifihliwe nezibulalayo: Ukungcoliswa komoya. Ukukhishwa okuvela emapulazini asefekthri, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia, i-methane, udaba lokubandakanya, namanye amagesi amabi, kufaka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo emiphakathini yasendaweni kanye nabantu abaningi. Le ndlela yokuwohloka kwemvelo ivame ukunganakwa, kepha imiphumela yezempilo ifinyelela kude, okuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nezinye izimo zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Isilinganiso sokungcoliswa komoya ngamapulazi efektri efektri efektri anesibopho sengxenye enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya. Lezi zikhungo zihlala izinkulungwane zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile, lapho imfucuza inqamula ngamanani amakhulu. Njengoba izilwane zichitha imfucuza, amakhemikhali namagesi akhishwe emoyeni amunwa zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo. Ivolumu enkulu ...

Ukulima efektri, indlela yezolimo ezinamandla zezilwane, sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nezinkinga eziningi zemvelo nokuziphatha okuhle, kodwa enye yezinto ezikhohlisayo futhi ezivame ukunganakwa ukungcoliswa okukhiqizayo emoyeni. Imisebenzi yezimboni evutha izimboni, lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona eziminyene, izimo ezingezinhle, zikhiqiza inqwaba yokungcola komoya okufaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo, izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola indlela ukulima kahle efektri ngqo ebhekene nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nemiphumela emide efinyelela kude empilweni yethu, imvelo kanye nenhlala-kahle yezilwane ezihilelekile. Ukungcola kwamapulazi efektri efektri, noma okuhlanganisiwe kokudla kwezilwane (ama-cafos), izinkulungwane zendlu zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile lapho zikhiqiza khona imfucumfucu. Lezi zindawo zingumthombo obalulekile wokungcoliswa komoya, ekhulula amagesi ahlukahlukene ayingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingena emkhathini. Ukungcola okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi: Ammonia (NH3): ...

Ukulima kwasefektri, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulima kwezimboni, kuyindlela yesimanje yezolimo ehilela ukukhiqizwa okubanzi kwemfuyo, izinkukhu, nezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezivalekile. Le ndlela yokulima iye yanda kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule ngenxa yamandla ayo okukhiqiza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezilwane ngezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza kahle kuza nezindleko ezinkulu enhlalakahleni yezilwane kanye nemvelo. Umthelela wokulima kwasefektri ezilwaneni kanye neplanethi uyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici eziningi eye yavusa impikiswano enkulu kanye nempikiswano eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukulima kwasefektri okuthinte ngazo kokubili izilwane kanye nemvelo, kanye nemiphumela okunayo empilweni yethu kanye nokusimama kweplanethi yethu. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwezilwane ngonya nangokungenabuntu kuya emiphumeleni emibi emhlabeni, emanzini, nasemoyeni, kubalulekile ukuthi …

Ukulima kwasefektri kuyimbangela enkulu yokubhujiswa kwemvelo, okwandisa ukuwohloka komhlaba kanye nokuba ugwadule ngezinga elithusayo. Njengoba ezolimo zezimboni zanda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo senyama nobisi, imikhuba yaso engazinzile—njengokudlisa ngokweqile, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugeleza kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo—kuyawuqeda amandla umhlabathi, kungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, futhi kucekela phansi ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Le misebenzi ayigcini nje ngokususa umhlaba ekuqineni kwawo kwemvelo kodwa futhi isongela nezindawo zemvelo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqonda umthelela wamapulazi ezimboni kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni izindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla okusimeme ezivikela izinsiza zomhlaba wethu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo

Ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuvela emfuyweni kuyimbangela ebalulekile kodwa evame ukunganakwa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanti izilwane ezelusayo njengezinkomo nezimvu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Njengoba i-methane ibamba ukushisa ngokusebenza kahle izikhathi ezingu-28 kune-carbon dioxide eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, umkhakha wemfuyo uvele njengomthelela obalulekile ekufudumaleni komhlaba ngokubilisa ama-enteric, ukuphathwa komquba, kanye nezinguquko zokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Njengoba ezolimo zinesibopho sokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke okungu-14%, ukulwa ne-methane evela emfuyweni kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumela yesimo sezulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-methane ngenkathi sihlola amasu azinzile okunciphisa ukuthinteka kwayo kwemvelo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kokudla

Yize ukuzingela kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusinda komuntu, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyi-100,000 edlule lapho abantu bokuqala bethembele ekuzingeleni ukudla, indima yayo namuhla ihluke kakhulu. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukuzingela kuye kwaba umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa onobudlova kunokuba kube nesidingo sokuthola ukondla. Ukuze iningi labazingeli, akuseyona indlela yokusinda kepha uhlobo lokuzijabulisa oluvame ukubandakanya ukulimala okungadingekile ezilwaneni. Izisusa ezingemva kwesimanje ukuzingela ngokuvamile ziqhutshwa injabulo yomuntu siqu, ukuphishekela izindondo, noma isifiso sokubamba iqhaza esikweni elidala iminyaka yobudala, esikhundleni sokudla. Eqinisweni, ukuzingela kuye kwaba nemiphumela emibi kubantu bezilwane emhlabeni wonke. Kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngezibonelo eziphawuleka kakhulu kufaka phakathi ihlosi laseTasmanian kanye ne-AUK enkulu, abantu bakaBantu ababenqunyelwe yimikhuba yokuzingela. Lokhu kuqothuka okubuhlungu kuzikhumbuzo ezimnandi ze ...

I-Veganism ichaza kabusha indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokudla, ezempilo kanye nokuziphatha okuhle, inikeza enye indlela eqhubekayo nenesihawu ekudleni kwendabuko. Ngamandla ayo okubhekana nezinkinga ezibucayi njengokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu, inhlala-kahle yezenhlala-kahle, le ndlela yomuntu siqu, le ndlela yokuphila esekwe kwisitshalo ikhule ibe yinhlangano yomhlaba wonke enobuhlakani bobabili nomthelela ohlanganayo. Ukusuka ekusikeni kwezinyawo zekhabhoni ukwamukela impilo enesihluku nokusongela umzimba ngokudla okunempilo kwezitshalo, i-veganism iveza ithuba elinamandla lokushintsha okuhle. Noma ngabe uhlola izinzuzo zayo zemvelo noma ukudonswa ezimisweni zayo zokuziphatha, ukwamukela i-veganism kuyisinyathelo sokudala iplanethi enempilo kanye ne-Kinder World yabo bonke

Izimboni zemfashini nezendwangu sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana noboya, uboya, kanye nesikhumba, ezithathwe ezilwaneni. Nakuba lezi zinto ziye zadunyiswa ngokuqina kwazo, ukufudumala, kanye nokunethezeka, ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izingozi zemvelo zoboya, uboya, kanye nesikhumba, sihlola umthelela wazo ezindaweni zemvelo, enhlalakahleni yezilwane, kanye nomhlaba wonke. Indlela Ukukhiqizwa Koboya Okulimaza Ngayo Imvelo Imboni yoboya ingenye yezimboni ezilimaza kakhulu imvelo emhlabeni jikelele. Izikhumba zemboni yoboya ezingama-85% ezimangalisayo zivela ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe emapulazini efektri yoboya. Lawa mapulazi avame ukuhlala nezinkulungwane zezilwane ezimweni ezixinene, ezingahlanzekile, lapho zifuyelwa khona kuphela izikhumba zazo. Imiphumela yemvelo yale misebenzi inzima, futhi imiphumela idlulela ngale kwendawo eseduze yamapulazi. 1. Ukuqongelela Imfucuza Nokungcola Isilwane ngasinye kule fektri …