Amaqiniso weSoya avuliwe: Ukukhipha izinganekwane, umthelela wezemvelo, kanye nokuqonda kwezempilo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-soy iye yanda kakhulu esikhungweni sezingxoxo eziphathelene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba indima yayo ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla ehlukahlukene ikhula, kubuye kubhekwe kabanzi mayelana nomthelela wayo emvelweni kanye nemithelela yezempilo. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nesoya, okuhloswe ngayo ukucacisa imibono eyiphutha evamile kanye nokuphikisa izimangalo ezivame ukusabalala imboni yenyama. Ngokunikeza ulwazi olunembile nomongo, sithemba ukunikeza ukuqonda okucacile komthelela wangempela wesoya kanye nendawo yawo ohlelweni lwethu lokudla.

Yini i-Soy?

I-Soy, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Glycine max, iwuhlobo lwe-legume oludabuka eMpumalanga Asia. Isilinywe izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi idume ngokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Ubhontshisi wesoya uyimbewu yale legume futhi uyisisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekudleni okuhlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.

Ubhontshisi wesoya ungacutshungulwa ube yizinhlobonhlobo zokudla nezithako, ngakunye unikeza ukunambitheka okuhlukile kanye nendlela yokwenza. Eminye yemikhiqizo evame kakhulu yesoya ihlanganisa:

• Ubisi Lwesoya: Isitshalo esihlukile esisekelwe esitshalweni esihlukile sobisi lobisi, esenziwe ngokucwiliswa, ukugaywa, nokubilisa ubhontshisi wesoya, bese kuhlungwa ingxube.
• Isoso Yesoya: Isiphuzo esimnandi, esibilile esisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Asian cuisine, eyenziwe ngobhontshisi wesoya ovutshiwe, ukolweni, nosawoti.
• I-Tofu: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bean curd, i-tofu yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ubisi lwesoya bese ucindezela ama-curd avelayo abe amabhulokhi aqinile. Yaziswa ngekhono layo lokumunca ukunambitheka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo esikhundleni senyama.
• I-Tempeh: Umkhiqizo wesoya ovutshiwe onokwakheka okuqinile kanye ne-nutty flavour, eyenziwe ngokuvubela ubhontshisi wesoya ophekiwe ngesikhunta esithile.
• I-Miso: Isinongo sendabuko sase-Japan esenziwe ngobhontshisi wesoya obilile, usawoti, nesiko le-koji, esisetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukujula kanye ne-umami ezitsheni.
• I-Edamame: Amabhontshisi wesoya angakavunwa ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe ngokugcwele, ngokuvamile ajatshulelwa ukushiswa ngesitimu noma abiliswe njengokudla okulula noma okumnandi.

Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka adlule, ukukhiqizwa kwesoya kuye kwanda kakhulu. Isikhule izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-13, ifinyelela cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-350 ngonyaka. Ukubeka lokhu ngombono, lo mqulu ulingana nesisindo esihlangene semikhomo engaba yizigidi ezingu-2.3, izilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Lokhu kukhuphuka okumangalisayo kokukhiqizwa kwesoya kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulayo kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke kanye neqhaza layo ekondleni inani labantu elanda ngokushesha. Ukwanda kubangelwa izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa nesidingo esikhulayo semithombo yamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokusetshenziswa kukabhontshisi wesoya ekudleni kwezilwane.

Ingabe isoya iyingozi emvelweni?

IBrazil, okuyikhaya lezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezibucayi kakhulu nezisengozini yokushabalala, ibhekane nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kakhulu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, i-Pantanal wetland, kanye ne-Cerrado savannah konke kulahlekelwe kakhulu izindawo zazo zemvelo. Ngokuqondile, ngaphezu kwama-20% e-Amazon acekeleke phansi, ama-25% ePantanal alahlekile, kanti amaphesenti angama-50 eCerrado asuliwe. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi okwandile kunemiphumela engathi sína, kuhlanganise neqiniso eliphathelene nokuthi i-Amazon manje isikhipha isikhutha esingaphezu kwesimunca, okwenza kube kubi nakakhulu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke.

Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwesoya kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhathazeka kwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda indima yayo esimweni esibanzi sokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Isoya ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni kwezilwane, kodwa akuyona yodwa enecala. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwamahlathi eBrazil ukwanda kwamadlelo ezinkomo ezifuyelwa inyama.

Ubhontshisi wesoya ulinywa ngobuningi, futhi ingxenye enkulu yalesi sitshalo isetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesoya ngempela kuhlobene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezithile, njengoba amahlathi egawulwa ukuze kuvuleke amapulazi kabhontshisi. Nokho, lokhu kuyingxenye yenkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izici eziningi:

• Isoya Yokudla Kwezilwane: Isidingo sesoya njengokudla kwezilwane sinomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ngokungaqondile ngokusekela imboni yemfuyo. Njengoba umhlaba omningi ususuliwe ukuze kutshalwe ubhontshisi wesoya, ukwanda kokutholakala kokudla kusekela ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwenyama, okubuye kuqhubekisele phambili ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
• Ukusetshenziswa Komhlaba Okuqondile: Nakuba ukutshalwa kwesoya kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, akuyona ukuphela kwesizathu noma imbangela eyinhloko. Amasimu amaningi esoya asungulwa emhlabeni owawugawuliwe ngaphambili noma emhlabeni obuye wasetshenziswa ngokunye ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo, kunokuba ubangele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuqondile.

Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi -Science Advances luqokomisa ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yokugawulwa kwamahlathi eBrazil ukwanda kwamadlelo ezinkomo. Isidingo semboni yenyama sokuklama amadlelo kanye nezitshalo zokudla, okuhlanganisa nesoya, yikho okubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi angaphezu kwama-80% ezweni. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kudliwe izinkomo kanye nezitshalo zokudla okuhlobene nazo, okuhlanganisa nesoya, kudala umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo sekukhonjiwe, futhi kubangelwa kakhulu ukwanda kwamadlelo ezinkomo ezifuyelwa inyama. Lokhu kuqonda okubalulekile kusisiza siqonde umthelela obanzi wokukhetha kwethu ukudla kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo soshintsho.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Amandla Okukhetha Kwabathengi

Okuhle wukuthi abathengi baya ngokuya bezibambela mathupha. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela yemvelo yenyama, ubisi, namaqanda kukhula, abantu abaningi baphendukela kwezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Nakhu ukuthi lolu shintsho luwenza kanjani umehluko:

1. Ukwamukela Amaprotheni Asekelwe Ezitshalweni : Ukushintsha imikhiqizo yezilwane esikhundleni samaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni kuyindlela enamandla yokunciphisa indawo yomuntu yemvelo. Amaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni, njengalawo atholakala ku-soy, i-legumes, amantongomane, nokusanhlamvu, anikeza enye indlela esimeme kunenyama nobisi. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile azigcini nje ngokunciphisa isidingo sokulima kwezilwane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekwehleni kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nesisi esingcolisa umoya.

2. Ukusekela Izinhlelo Zokudla Ezizinzile : Abathengi baya ngokuya befuna imikhiqizo etholakala ngokuqhubekayo neqinisekisiwe. Ngokukhetha ukudla okubhalwe ukuthi i-organic, okungezona i-GMO, noma okugunyazwe izinhlangano zezemvelo, abantu bangasekela izindlela zokulima ezibeka phambili ukunakekela imvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezifana ne-Soy Moratorium, okuhloswe ngayo ukuvimbela ukutshalwa kwesoya endaweni esanda kugawulwa amahlathi.

3. Amathrendi okushayela ezimakethe : Isidingo esikhulayo sokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni sinomthelela emakethe futhi sikhuthaza izinkampani zokudla ukuthi zenze imikhiqizo esimeme kakhudlwana. Njengoba abathengi beqhubeka nokuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, imboni yokudla isabela ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinketho ezintsha nezivumelana nemvelo. Lo mkhuba usiza ukwehlisa isidingo sisonke semikhiqizo yezilwane futhi usekela uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile.

4. Ukumela Ukuguqulwa Kwenqubomgomo : Ukuziphatha kwabathengi nakho kudlala indima ekubumbeni inqubomgomo kanye nezinqubo zemboni. Ngokumela izinqubomgomo ezisekela ezolimo esimeme futhi zivikele imvelo ebalulekile, abantu ngabanye bangaba neqhaza ekushintsheni okubanzi kwesistimu. Ingcindezi yomphakathi kanye nesidingo sabathengi kungaqhubeza ohulumeni nezinkampani ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezihambisana nemvelo.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlonzwa komsunguli oyinhloko wokugawulwa kwamahlathi—indawo esetshenziselwa ukuklaba izinkomo—kugqamisa umthelela omkhulu wokukhetha kwethu ukudla endaweni ezungezile. Ukushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuyindlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo yokubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ngokufaka amaprotheni ezitshalo esikhundleni senyama, ubisi, namaqanda, ukusekela izinqubo ezizinzile, nokushayela izitayela zemakethe, abathengi benza umnikelo obonakalayo ekongiweni kwemvelo.

Lo mzamo ohlangene awusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kodwa futhi ukhuthaza uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunozwela. Njengoba abantu abaningi benza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile futhi belwela ushintsho oluhle, amandla eplanethi enempilo ayakhula, okugcizelela amandla esenzo sabathengi abanolwazi ekwakheni ikusasa elingcono.