Iqiniso Ngokuhlatshwa Kwabantu

Igama elithi “Ukuhlatshwa Kobuntu” liyingxenye yamagama ezwe lanamuhla lama-carnist, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi liyi-euphemistic oxymoron ehloselwe ukufihla iqiniso elinyantisayo lokubulala umuntu ngendlela ebandayo, ehlelekile, futhi ebaliwe.

Uma zonke izilwane bezivotela ukukhetha igama elinegama elichazayo kakhulu lezinhlobo zethu, igama elithi “umbulali” cishe belizowina. Into ejwayeleke kakhulu isilwane esingeyena umuntu esiyobhekana nayo lapho sihlangana nomuntu ukufa. Nakuba kungezona zonke izilwane zasendle ezizohlangana nabantu abangabazingeli, abadubuli, noma abadobi bezama ukubabulala ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukubamba nokubulala, iningi lezilwane ezingezona abantu “zinakekelwa” abantu ( ukuthunjwa noma esimweni somngane) uzogcina ebulewe ngumuntu.

Ngisho nezinja namakati ahamba nawo azobhekana nalokhu lapho eguga kakhulu noma ehlushwa isifo esingelapheki. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sizosebenzisa i-euphemism ethi "beka phansi" ukuze usisize sibhekane nakho, kodwa, eqinisweni, kungenye nje igama lokubulala. Kungase kwenzelwe ukuphila kahle kwezilwane okungezona ezabantu, futhi kungenziwa ngendlela ebuhlungu kakhulu phakathi kwabathandekayo bazo, kodwa kuyoba kubulala noma kunjalo. Ngokwesayensi, sizoyibiza le-euthanasia, futhi kwamanye amazwe, lokhu kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni nabantu abakhetha ngokuzithandela le ndlela yokuhamba.

Nokho, lolu hlobo lokubulala ngesihe akulona lokho iningi lezilwane ezithunjiwe ezibhekana nalo ekupheleni kwezimpilo zazo. Kunalokho, babhekana nolunye uhlobo. Enye ebandayo, esebenza ngomshini, ehlukanisiwe, ecindezelayo, ebuhlungu, enobudlova, futhi enonya. Olunye olwenziwa ngobuningi babo ngaphandle kombono womphakathi. Enye eyenziwa ngendlela yezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi “ukuhlaba”, futhi kwenzeka ezindaweni ezimbi ezibizwa ngokuthi amadelakufa aphethwe abantu abahlabayo umsebenzi wabo uwukubulala izilwane eziningi nsuku zonke.

Uke uzwe kuthiwa ezinye zalezi zikhungo zingcono kunezinye ngoba zibulala abantu. Hhayi-ke, iqiniso ngokuhlatshwa kwabantu ukuthi akukho. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi kungani.

Elinye Igama Lokubulawa Kwenqwaba

Ngobuchwepheshe, igama elithi ukuhlaba lisho izinto ezimbili: ukubulawa kwezilwane ukuze zidliwe, nokubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngesihluku nokungafanele, ikakhulukazi empini. Kungani singasebenzisi amagama ahlukene kule miqondo emibili? Ngoba baxhumene kakhulu. Izilwane okungezona abantu ezibulawelwa ukudla zibulawa ngonya futhi ngokungafanele. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi, uma kwenzeka kubantu ngesikhathi sezimpi, lokhu kuyingqayizivele, kuyilapho kwenzeka ezilwaneni ezingezona abantu embonini yezolimo yezilwane , lokhu kuvamile. Kodwa amanani aphezulu kanye nonya oluhilelekile kuyefana.

Ngakho-ke, ungaba yini umehluko phakathi “kokubulawa kwabantu” kanye “nokubulala okungenabuntu”? Esimweni sempi yabantu, yiluphi uhlobo lokubulawa kwabantu abaningi olungabhekwa “njengokubulala komuntu”? Yiziphi izikhali empini ezibhekwa njengezibulala izakhamuzi ngendlela “enobuntu”? Lutho. Ngokwesimo somuntu, kusobala ukuthi igama elithi "ukubulawa kwabantu" liyi-oxymoron, ngoba ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi nganoma iyiphi indlela akusoze kwathathwa njengobuntu. Akekho umbulali omkhulu owake wathola isigwebo esilula uma indlela esetshenziswa ukubulala abantu ithathwa ngokuthi “eyobuntu”, ngoba, qagela ukuthi yini, ayikho into okuthiwa “ukubulala komuntu”. Ngisho nodokotela ongumbulali owayesebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa euthanasia (umjovo obulalayo) wayethola isigwebo esigcwele ngecala lokubulala ngokubulala noma yisiphi isiguli esasingafuni ukufa.

Uma igama elithi “ukubulawa komuntu” lingenangqondo lapho izisulu zingabantu, ingabe kungaba nengqondo lapho izisulu zingezinye izinhlobo zezilwane? Isizathu sokuthi akunangqondo kubantu ukuthi ukuncisha umuntu ofuna ukuphila ngokuphila kuyisenzo sonya. Akufani yini lapho abantu bebulala izilwane ukuze bathole ukudla? Izilwane azifuni ukufa, nokho abasebenzi basesilaheni bazincisha ukuphila. Ukubulala kuyicala elithola isigwebo esiphezulu ngesizathu. Ukuthatha impilo yomuntu kuyisikhalazo esikhulu ngoba akulungiseki. Isenzo asikwazi ukuhlehliswa njengoba impilo yomuntu obulewe ingeke ibuyiswe.

Lokhu kuyafana ngezilwane ezihlatshiwe, ezibulawa zisencane kakhulu (eziningi, izingane zangempela). Izimpilo zabo azinakubuyiswa. Ngeke besakwazi ukuhlangana nabangane nezihlobo zabo. Ngeke besakwazi ukugana nokuzala. Ngeke besakwazi ukuhlola umhlaba futhi bahlanganyele nabanye. Isenzo sokubabulala asikwazi ukuhlehliswa, futhi yilokhu okwenza kube kubi kakhulu kunokubacindezela nje, ukubalimaza, noma ukubalimaza. Awukwazi ukuhlaba umuntu ngokobuntu, umuntu noma okungeyena umuntu, ngoba ukuhlaba kuwukubulala, ukulimala okubi kakhulu ongakwenza kunoma ubani. Uma kungekho ukubulalana kwabantu, akukho kubulawa kwabantu.

Inhlalakahle Yezilwane Ekuhlatshweni

Ungase uphikise ngokuthi kunamazinga ahlukene onya ekubulaleni umuntu, futhi nakuba imisho eyisisekelo ingase ifane kukho konke ukubulala, indlela ukubulala okwenziwa ngayo ingase iholele ekugwetshweni okubi kakhulu (njengokungenzeki kwe-parole). Mhlawumbe kungashiwo okufanayo ngokuhlaba, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlaba zingaba zimbi kakhulu kunezinye ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwesiphawulo esithi “ubuntu” kwababi kakhulu kungathethelelwa.

Osopolitiki abaningi, izisebenzi zikahulumeni, nodokotela bezilwane bacabanga kanjalo. Bathuthukise izindinganiso zokubulala abacabanga ukuthi zanele, futhi noma iyiphi indawo yokubulala engeke yenzeke ngalezo zindinganiso izoba necala lokwephula inhlalakahle yezilwane . Ngokombono, izindinganiso ezinjalo kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi izilwane ezingezona abantu ezibulewe azihlupheki lapho zibulawa, futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kwayo. Ngokombono, bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo kanye nezindlela odokotela bezilwane abazisebenzisayo ukuze babulale izilwane ezikanye nazo. Leyo kungaba indlela encane kakhulu futhi engenabuhlungu yokubulala isilwane. Lezo zindawo zokuhlatshwa ezizosebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo zingase zifakwe esigabeni "njengezindawo zokuhlatshwa kwabantu", akunjalo? Iqiniso liwukuthi akukho kulokhu okukhona.

Ngoba isisusa sabo esiyinhloko “ukukhiqiza”, hhayi inhlalakahle yezilwane, nangenxa yokuthi baye banxenxwa imboni yezolimo yezilwane efuna inzuzo ngokuthengisa inyama yesilwane ukuze idliwe abantu (okuyinto kwezinye izimo engeke yenzeke uma kujovwa amakhemikhali athile. ezilwaneni ukuze zibulawe), abezombangazwe, izisebenzi zikahulumeni, kanye nodokotela bezilwane abakha amazinga okubulala baye bashiya ngamabomu ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu obanele kule nqubo ukuze kungabikho indawo yokubulala abantu engake yakhiwe. Abekho abasebenzisa imijovo ebulalayo eyenza izilwane zilale ngokuthula ngaphambi kokuba zife. Abekho abavumela abangani nomndeni ukuthi babe seduze nezilwane ezibathulisa futhi baziqinisekise. Azikho ezibulala izilwane ezindaweni ezithule ezikhululekile ezijwayelekile. Ngokuphambene, zonke ziphatha izilwane njengezinto, zizibeka ezimweni ezicindezela kakhulu lapho zikwazi ukubona, ukuzwa, nokuhogela ukubulawa kwabanye, futhi zibulawa ngezindlela ezibuhlungu.

Imvelo “yefekthri” yezilaha, okuhloswe ngayo ukusebenza kahle futhi ibulale izilwane eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, iyona eqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isilwane esithola ukufa kobuntu. Ukudabula ibhande lokuthutha lokubulala kulezi zimboni zokufa kufanele kube isipiliyoni esesabekayo kunazo zonke lezi zilwane ezike zaphila, okwenza inhlekisa igama elithi "ubuntu". Izilaha zihlukumeza ngokwengqondo izilwane ezizibulalayo ngokuziveza ekubulaweni ngesihluku kwezilwane eziphambi kwazo, ezingenakuthamba. Ukuxhamazela kwenqubo nakho kuholela ekunqanyulweni, izinqubo ezingaphelele, ukuphatha kabi, amaphutha, izingozi, ngisho nokuqubuka kobudlova obengeziwe babantu abahlabayo abangase bazizwe bekhungathekile uma isilwane sibonakala simelana kakhulu kunezinye. Izilaha ziyizihogo emhlabeni kunoma ubani ongena kuzo.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu okwesabekayo okusuka ekungaphatheki kahle kuye kokwesaba, bese kuba ubuhlungu, futhi ekugcineni kuze kube sekufeni, lezi zakhiwo zesihogo zithi ezikwenzayo kuwubuntu. Eqinisweni, uma kubhekwa indlela leli gama elisetshenziswe kabi ngayo, abaqambi amanga. Alikho izwe eligunyaze ukubulala okungenabuntu ngokomthetho, ngakho sonke isibonelo sokubulala okusemthethweni sinobuntu ngokobuchwepheshe. Nokho, izindinganiso ezingokomthetho zokubulala ziyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezithile, futhi ziye zashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungani zonke zingafani? Ngoba lokho okwakubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo esikhathini esidlule akusabhekwa njengokwamukelekayo manje, noma ngenxa yokuthi lokho okubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo kwelinye izwe kungase kungabi kwelinye elinezindinganiso ezihlukene zenhlalakahle yezilwane. I-physiology yezilwane kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo akukashintshi, nokho. Kuyafana noma kuphi, manje nasemandulo. Singaqiniseka kanjani-ke ukuthi lokhu esikubona njengokwamukelekile namuhla emazweni ethu ngeke ngokuzayo kuthathwe njengobuqaba yithi, noma ngomunye umuntu? Ngeke sikwazi. Yonke indinganiso yokuhlatshwa kobuntu eyake yadalwa isusa inaliti kuphela endleleni embi kakhulu yokubulala, kodwa ayikude ngokwanele ukuba ifanelwe ilebula ethi “ubuntu”. Konke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubulawa kwabantu kuwubulwane, futhi zonke izindinganiso zobuntu ziyasilela ekufezeni injongo yazo.

Zihlatshwa Kanjani Izilwane

Izilwane ezihlatshiwe zibulawa ngokuzishaya amakhanda, ukuzisika ngogesi, ukunqunywa umphimbo, ukugodola, ukuzidubula ekhanda ngebhawodi, ukuzisika phakathi, ukuzishunqa ngegesi, ukudubula ngezibhamu, zibulale. ukushaqeka kwe-osmotic, ukuminza, njll. Akuzona zonke lezi zindlela ezivunyelwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zezindlela zokuhlaba ezisemthethweni ngohlobo ngalunye lwesilwane:

Izimbongolo . Izimbongolo eziye zaphoqeleka ukuthi zisebenze kanzima ukuphila kwazo zonke zivame ukuthengiselwa imali embonini yase-Ejiao. Njengohambo lwazo lokugcina olukhathazayo oluya ekufeni, izimbongolo eShayina ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambe amakhulu amakhilomitha zingatholi ukudla, amanzi, noma ukuphumula, noma ziminyene emalolini ngokuvamile zibophe imilenze yazo ndawonye futhi inqwabelene phezu komunye. Bavame ukufika emadeleni bephukile noma benqunyiwe futhi bangase babulawe ngezando, izimbazo, noma imimese ngaphambi kokuba izikhumba zabo zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.

AmaTurkey. Izikhukhukazi zibulawa cishe amasonto angu-14-16 kanye nama-toms cishe emasontweni angu-18-20 ubudala lapho zingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-20 kg. Uma ethunyelwa esilaheni, ama-turkeys ayelengiswa abheke phansi, axakwe amanzi afakwe ugesi, bese enqunywa umphimbo (okubizwa ngokuthi ukunamathela). E-UK, umthetho ubavumela ukuthi balengiswa imizuzu emi-3 ngaphambi kokumangala , okubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu. Amarekhodi e-USDA athole ukuthi izinyoni ezicishe zibe yisigidi zibiliswa ziphila ngokungenhloso unyaka ngamunye ezilaheni zase-US njengoba izisebenzi ezibulalayo zizigijimisa ohlelweni. Ebusika, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu, ama-turkeys avame ukubulawa ezindaweni ezincane "zesikhathi sonyaka" noma ezindaweni zasepulazini, ngezinye izikhathi okwenziwa ngokugudluzwa kwentamo okwenziwa abasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe.

Octopus . Kunezinhlelo zokudala ipulazi elikhulu lezingwane eSpain, elivele likhombisa ukuthi bahlela ukuzihlaba kanjani. Ama-octopus azogcinwa emathangini namanye ama-octopus (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kokukhanya okungapheli), emathangini omphakathi angaba ngu-1,000 esakhiweni esiyizitezi ezimbili, futhi ayezobulawa ngokufakwa ezitsheni zamanzi aqandayo agcinwe ku -3C.

Ama-Pheasants . Emazweni amaningana, ama-pheasants afuywa imboni yokudubula ewafulela ekuthunjweni futhi uwakhulise emapulazini efektri, kodwa esikhundleni sokuwathumela ezilaheni, awakhulule ezindaweni zasendle ezibiyelwe futhi avumele amakhasimende akhokhayo ukuba azibulale ngokwawo ngokudubula ngokudubula. izibhamu.

Izintshe . Izintshe ezifuywayo zivame ukubulawa ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala. Izintshe eziningi zibulawa ezilaheni ngogesi osebenza ngekhanda kuphela, okulandelwa ukopha, okudinga okungenani izisebenzi ezine ukuze inyoni ibambe phansi. Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukudubula isibhamu sebhawodi esithunjiwe esilandelwa yi-pithing (ukufaka induku embotsheni yekhanda lenyoni nokunyakazisa ubuchopho nxazonke) nokopha.

Amakhilikithi. Amakhilikithi emapulazini emboni afuywa ekuthunjweni ngaphansi kwezimo eziminyene (njengoba kuyisici sokulima kwasefekthri), futhi cishe amasonto ayisithupha ngemva kokuzalwa azobulawa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye yazo izoba yiqhwa (ukupholisa izinyendle kancane kancane zize zingene esimweni sokulala esibizwa ngokuthi i-diapause, bese zibaqandisa zize zife). Ezinye izindlela zokubulala unyendle zihlanganisa ukubilisa, ukubhaka, noma ukuminza ziphila.

Amahansi. Iminyaka yobudala yokuhlatshwa kwamahansi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-foie gras iyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza, kodwa ngokuvamile iphakathi kwamasonto ayi-9 kuya kwangu-20. Esilaheni, izinyoni eziningi ziyasinda kule nqubo emangalisayo kagesi futhi zisaphaphama njengoba inqunywa umphimbo futhi ziphonswa emanzini ashisayo.

Ama-crustaceans. Ama-crustaceans ayisilwane sokuqala esifuywa efekthri emhlabeni, futhi wonke ama-crustaceans emapulazini azogcina ebulewe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene. Nazi ezivame kakhulu: Ukugoqa (lokhu kuyindlela yokubulala izinkalankala ngokufaka into ecijile ku-ganglia yazo etholakala ngaphansi kwamehlo nangemuva kwe-carapace. Le ndlela idinga ikhono nokunemba, futhi ingabangela izinkalankala ubuhlungu ), Ukuhlukanisa (indlela yokubulala amalobster ngokuwasika phakathi ngommese phakathi nomugqa wekhanda, ithorax, nesisu. Le ndlela ingase futhi ibangele ubuhlungu.), I-Chilling in Ice Slur (lokhu kusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo ama-crustaceans asolwandle angenwa amazinga okushisa abandayo, njengoba ukubanda odaka eqhweni kungase kuwenze aquleke Ngokuvamile, kudingeka okungenani imizuzu engu-20 yokucwiliswa emanzini e-ice slurry ukuze aquleke), Ukubilisa (lena kuyindlela evamile yokubulala izinkalankala, amalobster, kanye nezinkalankala, kodwa iningi labantu libhekwa njengolungenabuntu njengoba kusobala ukuthi libangela ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu isikhathi eside ezilwaneni), i-Carbon-Dioxide Gassing (Ama-Crustaceans nawo abulawa ngokukhuphula izinga le-carbon dioxide emanzini, kodwa izilwane zicindezeleka ngalokhu. Indlela), Ukuminza ngamanzi ahlanzekile (lokhu kusho ukubulala ama-crustaceans asolwandle ngokushintsha usawoti, “ukuminza” izinhlobo zamanzi anosawoti emanzini ahlanzekile ngenxa ye-osmotic shock), ukugeza ngosawoti (ukufaka ama-crustaceans emanzini anosawoti omningi nawo uwabulala nge-osmosis. ukwethuka. Lokhu kungase kusetshenziselwe ama-crustaceans emanzini ahlanzekile), Ukucindezela okuphezulu (lena indlela yokubulala ama-lobster ngokuwafaka ngaphansi kokucindezela okuphezulu kwe-hydrostatic, kuze kufike ku-2000 emkhathini, imizuzwana embalwa), i-Anesthetics (akuvamile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukubulala okhrustaceans kwenziwe futhi i-AQUI-S, umkhiqizo osuselwa kuwoyela wama-clove, ugunyazwe ukubulawa kwezilwane zasemanzini ukuze zidliwe abantu eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eChile, eNingizimu Korea naseCosta Rica).

Onogwaja . Onogwaja bahlatshwa besebancane, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamasonto ayi-8 kuya kwayi-12 konogwaja abakhulayo kanye nezinyanga ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-36 zokuzalanisa onogwaja (onogwaja bangaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10). Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza lokhu emapulazini okuhweba zihlanganisa ukuhlukumezeka okunamandla, ukunqunywa komphimbo, noma ukugudluka komlomo wesibeletho ngemishini, konke okungaholela ekuhluphekeni isikhathi eside kanye nobuhlungu obungadingekile kulezi zilwane ezithambile. E-EU, onogwaja abahlatshelwe ukuthengisa bavame ukumangala ngogesi ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, kodwa uphenyo lubonise ukuthi onogwaja bangase bamangale ngokungalungile. Ukuthuthwa kwezilwane eziya esilaheni nakho kuzozibangela ingcindezi.

Amasamoni . Amasaumoni afuywayo abulawa esemancane kakhulu kunalokho okwakungafa i-salmonid yasendle, futhi izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuwabulala zingabangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu. Imboni ye-salmon yase-Scottish isebenzisa izindlela ezimangalisayo zikagesi nezishayayo (ezinikeza ugebhezi lwekhanda lenhlanzi) lapho kuhlatshwa i-salmon yase-Atlantic, kodwa okumangalisayo ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa akuphoqelekile ngaphansi komthetho ngakho izigidi zezinhlanzi zisabulawa ngaphandle kokumangalisa ngaphambili.

Izinkukhu . Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa nje ephila, izinkukhu zenyama zithunyelwa ukuyohlatshwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babehlala epulazini lefekthri noma lawa abizwa ngokuthi “amapulazi amahhala,” bonke babezophelela ezilaheni ezifanayo. Lapho, izinkukhu eziningi zibhekana nogesi omangalisayo, kodwa ukumangala okungafanele kungabangela ukuthi izinkukhu ziqaphele ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu nokucindezeleka. Ukwengeza, isivinini kanye nomthamo wenqubo yokuhlaba kungabangela ukuphathwa kabi nokunganeli okumangazayo, okubangela ubuhlungu obengeziwe nokwesaba kulezi zinyoni. Kwamanye amadela, izinkukhu zazibulawa ngokufutha isisi. Embonini yamaqanda, itshwele leduna lingase ligaywe liphila emishinini ngokushesha ngemva kokuchanyuselwa (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi “ukugaya”, “ukugaya” noma “ukucofa”). E-UK, ama-92% ezinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda abulawa ngegesi, u-6.4% abulawa nge-halal (indlela ye-stun) kusetshenziswa ukugeza okukagesi, kanti u-1.4% ubulawa yi-halal non-stun. Ezinkukhwini zenyama, u-70% ukhishwa ngegesi waze washona, u-20% ushaqekile ngogesi kulandele ukunamathela, kanti u-10% awuna-stun halal ngaphambi kokuba unamathele.

Izinkomo . Izinkomo nezinkunzi zibulawa ngobuningi ezilaleni, ngokuvamile zinqunywe umphimbo (ukunamathela), noma ngokudutshulwa okugqamile ekhanda (ezinye kungenzeka futhi zithole amandla kagesi ukuze zithuke). Lapho, zonke ziyoshona lapho zishona, mhlawumbe zesaba ngenxa yokuzwa, ukubona, noma ukuhogela ezinye izinkomo ezibulawa phambi kwazo. Lezo zinto ezisabisayo zokugcina ezimpilweni zezinkomo zobisi ziyefana kulezo ezifuywa emapulazini amafekthri amabi kakhulu kanye nalawo afuywa emapulazini afunzwa utshani afunzwa utshani - zombili zigcina zithuthwa ngokungafuni futhi zibulawe ngokufanayo. ezilaheni besebancane. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkomo kuphela ezinikeza ubisi futhi izinkunzi ezikhuliselwa inyama ziphuma ohlotsheni oluhlukile kunalezo ezikhuliswa obisini, amathole amaningi azalwa minyaka yonke ukuze aphoqelele inkomo ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhiqiza ubisi “ayalahlwa” uma kwenzeka eyiduna. (okungaba cishe u-50% wamacala), njengoba athathwa njengensalela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi babezobulawa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa (ukuze bangamoshi noma yiluphi ubisi lukamama), noma emasontweni ambalwa kamuva ukuze badliwe njengenyama yenkonyana. E-UK, ama-80% ezinkomo nezinkunzi abulawa ngamabhawodi athunjiwe alandelwe ukunamathela, kanye no-20% ngogesi omangalisayo olandelwa ukunamathela, noma ukubulawa kukagesi.

Izimvu . Imboni yoboya, ehlangene nemboni yenyama, iphinde ibulale izimvu zombili ziseyizinsana kodwa futhi nabadala, ezingabulawa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esilaheni (imvu embonini iphila isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu kuphela, kanti imvu endle noma indawo engcwele ingaphila iminyaka eyi-12). Izimvu eziningi zibulawa ukumangala kukagesi okulandelwa ukunamathela. Enye indlela eyinhloko yibhawodi elibanjiwe. Cishe u-75% wezimvu zibulawa ngendlela ye-halal, futhi u-25% wazo zonke izimvu zibulawa ngokusikwa emphinjeni ngaphandle kokumangalisa - cishe zonke lezi zi-halal.

Izingulube . Izingulube ezifuywayo zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, kanti imboni yenyama ibulala izingane ezincane njengezinyanga ezi-3-6. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, omama babulawa lapho beneminyaka emi-2 noma emithathu ubudala lapho abahlukumezi babo becabanga ukuthi ukukhiqiza kwabo akwanele, ngemva kokuba befakwe izitho zobulili ngenkani ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi nokuphila kwabo okudabukisayo nobufushane. Izingulube eziningi zihlatshwa emakamelweni egesi e-CO2 ngokuminyanisa , okuyindlela evamile yokubulala izingulube e-UK, e-US, e-Australia nakulo lonke elaseYurophu. Bangase futhi babulawe ngokudubula ibhawodi elingena elithunjiwe emakhanda abo. Bangase futhi bashaywe wugesi ukuze babambe ongezansi. E-UK, ama-88% ezingulube abulawa ngokubulawa kwegesi, kanti i-12% inamandla kagesi alandelwa ukunamathela.

Okumangalisayo ekuhlatshweni

Zonke izindlela ezisemthethweni zokuhlaba zibhekwa njengezobuntu yilabo abasemthethweni, ngisho noma zingabhekwa njengezingenabuntu ngabanye abagunyaza ezinye izindlela, futhi kunezela ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlatshwa kobuntu, kodwa nje izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlatshwa kobuntu (noma nje "hlaba"). Esinye sezibonelo ezicace kakhulu zalo mehluko wemibono mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indlela efanele yokubulala izilwane eziningi sigxile embonweni wokumangalisa, okuyinqubo yokwenza izilwane zinganyakazi noma ziquleke, ngokubulala noma ngaphandle kokubulala isilwane, lapho noma ngokushesha ngaphambi kokubulala. bona.

Ukumangalisa kukagesi kwenziwa ngokuthumela amandla kagesi ebuchosheni kanye/noma enhliziyweni yesilwane ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, okudala ukudlikizeka okuvamile kodwa okungabulali okukhiqiza ukuquleka. Ukudlula kwamanje enhliziyweni kukhiqiza ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha okuholela ngokushesha ekuqulekeni nasekufeni. Ezinye izindlela ezimangalisayo ngegesi, ukuveza izilwane engxubeni yamagesi okuphefumula (i-argon ne-nitrogen ngokwesibonelo, noma i-CO2) ekhiqiza ukuquleka noma ukufa nge-hypoxia noma i-asphyxia, kanye ne-percussive emangalisayo, lapho idivayisi ishaya isilwane ekhanda. , ngokungena noma ngaphandle (amadivayisi afana nesibhamu sebhawodi esithunjiwe angaba umoya noma impushana).

I -Humane Slaughter Association (HSA ) ithi "uma indlela emangalisayo ingabangeli ukungezwani ngokushesha, okumangalisayo kufanele kube okunganaki (okungukuthi akufanele kubangele ukwesaba, ubuhlungu noma eminye imizwa engathandeki) esilwaneni." Nokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi noma iyiphi indlela eyayisetshenziswa ezilaheni yakufeza lokhu.

Indaba mayelana nokumangaza ukuthi kuyinqubo eyengeziwe eletha ukuhlupheka kwayo. Ukunganyakazi kwezilwane ngenxa yokumangalisa, nokusebenzisa indlela, kungase kungagcini nje ngokuveza ukungaphatheki kahle nokwesaba kodwa futhi nobuhlungu, ngisho noma kwenziwa ngokulandela isimiso ngokuqondile. Akuzona zonke izilwane ezisabela ngendlela efanayo ezindleleni, futhi ezinye zingase zihlale ziqaphela (ngakho lezi zilwane zingaphikiswa zizohlupheka kakhulu ngoba kufanele zibekezelele kokubili okumangalisayo nokubulawa). Ukumangaza okungasebenzi kahle, noma ukungenzeki kahle, kungashiya isilwane sisesimweni esibuhlungu lapho sikhubazekile, kodwa sisakwazi ukubona, ukuzwa nokuzwa yonke into lapho umphimbo waso unqunywa. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokujaha kwezindawo zokuxhelwa, eziningi ezimangalisayo awenziwa ngendlela okufanele zenziwe ngayo. Cishe lonke uphenyo lomshoshaphansi lwezindawo zokubulala luye lwadalula zombili izisebenzi ezinodlame noma zingakwazi ukwephula imithetho, noma izindlela ezihloselwe ukwenza izilwane ziquleke - noma ukuzenza zife ngokushesha - zingasebenzi njengoba kuhlosiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2024, indawo yokubulala iGosschalk e-Epe, eNetherlands, yahlawuliswa u-€15,000 kanti izisebenzi zashushiswa ngobugebengu, ngokuphatha kabi izilwane. Uphenyo lwabashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane lukhiqize i-video yomshoshaphansi yezingulube nezinkomo zishaywa ngezigwedlo, zidonswa umsila futhi zashaywa ngogesi kungenasidingo lapho ziyohlatshwa. Kukholakala ukuthi kungokokuqala ukuthi isilaha saseDutch sigunyazwe ngokuphatha kabi izilwane.

Inhlangano elwela amalungelo ezilwane yaseFrance i-L214 ikhiphe amavidiyo aqoshiwe ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi 2023 e- Bazas slaughterhouse e-Gironde , eFrance, eveza izimo ezishaqisayo izilwane, ikakhulukazi ezivela emapulazini enyama yemvelo, zalashwa. Le nhlangano ithi ukwephulwa kwemithetho okuholela ekuhluphekeni ngokweqile kwezilwane ezinjengezinkomo, izinkunzi, amawundlu namaphuphu. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa izindlela ezimangalisayo ezingaphumeleli, ukopha ngenkathi zisaqaphile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingxenyeni ezibucayi zemizimba yezilwane. I-video iphinde yaveza amathole amathathu angena ebhokisini okungewona agwazwa esweni ngomshini kagesi.

Ngo-April 2024, izithombe ezintsha ezicashile ezatholwa abaphenyi bamalungelo ezilwane e-UK zabonisa isisebenzi sishaya izingulube ebusweni nasemhlane wazo ngesigwedlo njengoba bezifaka emakamelweni egesi i-CO2 ukuze zibulawe ukufuthelana. Ividiyo ithathwe isishoshovu samalungelo ezilwane uJoey Carbstrong, umenzi wePignorant, esilaheni esiphethwe futhi esiphethwe yiCranswick Country Foods eWatton, eNorfolk, sinikezela ngezitolo ezinkulu ezifana neTesco, Morrisons, Asda, Sainsbury's, Aldi, kanye neMarks kanye Spencer. Izingulube eziningi ezabulawa kulesi silaha zazivela emapulazini agxivizwe yi-RSPCA Assured scheme.

Inhlangano elwela amalungelo ezilwane i-Animal Equality yenze ukudalulwa okuningi kwezimo izilwane ezilashwa kuzo eMexico, eBrazil, eSpain, e-UK, nase-Italy, futhi i-PETA yenze okufanayo nasezindaweni zokuhlatshwa zase-US . Ziyanda izigameko zokukhuluma kwabebesebenza esilaheni abakhuluma ngezinto ezenzeka ngaphakathi kubona, nokukhombisa ukuthi akukho okunobuntu okwenzeka lapho.

Ngo-2017, inhlolovo ye-UK Food Standard Agency yalinganisela ukuthi amakhulu ezigidi zezilwane zabulawa ngaphandle kokumangala okusebenzayo, okuhlanganisa izinyoni eziyizigidi ezingu-184 nezinkomo ezingu-21,000.

Ingabe Ukubulala Ngokwenkolo Kunobuntu Kakhudlwana?

Kwezinye izindawo okumangazayo kuyingxenye ephoqelekile yenqubo yokuhlaba ngoba kuthathwa ngokuthi ivikela ukuhlupheka kwesilwane esihlatshiwe ngesikhathi sokubulala. E-EU , kubhekwa ukuthi, ngaphandle kokumangalisa, isikhathi phakathi kokusika emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu ukuze ukopha izilwane kuze kube sekufeni nokungezwani komzimba kufika kumasekhondi angu-20 ezimvini, kuze kufike kumasekhondi angu-25 ezingulubeni, kuze kufike kumaminithi angu-2 ezinkomeni. , kufika emaminithini angu-2,5 noma ngaphezulu ezinyonini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imizuzu engu-15 noma ngaphezulu ezinhlanzini. Kukhona ukuhluka phakathi kwamazwe mayelana nokuthi yini evunyelwe, nokho. E-Netherlands, umthetho uthi izinkukhu kufanele zibambe ongezansi imizuzwana emi-4 ngesilinganiso samanje esingu-100 mA, okubhekwa njengento engavamile kwamanye amazwe. E-Sweden, e-Norway, e-Switzerland, e-Iceland, e-Slovenia nase-Denmark okumangalisayo kuhlale kuyimpoqo ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, kanye nokuhlatshwa kwezenkolo. E-Austria, e-Estonia, e-Latvia nase-Slovakia okumangalisayo kuyadingeka ngokushesha ngemva kokusikwa uma isilwane singazange simangele ngaphambili. EJalimane, iziphathimandla zezwe zivumela amadela ukuba ahlabe izilwane ngaphandle kokumangalisa kuphela uma zibonisa ukuthi zinamakhasimende endawo angokwenkolo ukuze enze isicelo.

E-US, okumangazayo kulawulwa yizinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wezindlela Zokubulala Zesintu (7 USC 1901). I-European Convention for the Protection of Animals for Slaughter , noma iSivumelwano Sokuhlatshwa (Council of Europe, 1979), idinga ukuthi zonke izingulube (njengamahhashi noma izimbongolo), izilwane ezelusayo (njengezinkomo noma izimvu), kanye nezingulube ukuba zithuke ngaphambi kokuba zihlatshwe. izindlela ezintathu zesimanje (ingxabano, i-electronarcosis, noma igesi), futhi ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimbazo, izando nama-puntilla. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu angavumela ukukhululwa ekuhlatshweni kwezenkolo, ukuhlatshwa okuphuthumayo, nokuhlatshwa kwezinyoni, onogwaja nezinye izilwane ezincane. Lokhu kukhululwa okungokwenkolo yilapho impikiswano ikhona, ngoba izinkolo ezifana ne-Islam zithi indlela yazo ye-Halal yokuhlaba inobuntu, futhi ubuJuda buthi indlela yabo ye-Kosher inobuntu.

I-Shechita iyisiko lamaJuda lokuhlatshwa kwezinyoni nezinkomo ukuze zidliwe ngokusho kweHalakha. Namuhla, ukuhlatshwa kwe-kosher akubandakanyi noma yimuphi umcimbi wenkolo, nakuba umkhuba wokuhlaba ungase ungaphambuki emikhubeni yendabuko uma inyama izodliwa amaJuda. Izilwane zibulawa ngokudweba ummese obukhali kakhulu emphinjeni wesilwane senza inxeba elilodwa lokusika uqhoqhoqho kanye nomminzo. Isilwane asivunyelwe ukuba siquleke ngaphambi kokusikwa emphinjeni, kodwa ngokuvamile sifakwa emshinini oguqula umzimba futhi unganyakazi.

I-Ḏabīḥah iwumkhuba onqunyelwe ku-Islam wokuhlaba zonke izilwane ze-halal (izimbuzi, izimvu, izinkomo, izinkukhu, njll.), ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle. Lo mkhuba wokuhlaba izilwane ze-halal udinga izimo ezimbalwa: umthengisi wenyama kufanele alandele inkolo ka-Abrahama (okungukuthi. Muslim, Christian, noma umJuda); igama likaNkulunkulu kufanele libizwe ngenkathi kuhlatshwa isilwane se-halal ngasinye ngokuhlukana; ukubulawa kufanele kuhlanganise nokukhipha igazi eliphelele emzimbeni wonke ngokusika okusheshayo, okujulile ngommese obukhali kakhulu emphinjeni, ukusika uqhoqhoqho, imithambo ye-jugular kanye nemithambo ye-carotid nhlangothi zombili kodwa ushiye umgogodla uphelele. Abanye bahumusha ukuthi ukumangala kuvunyelwe, kanti abanye abakubheki njengokungaphakathi komthetho wamaSulumane.

Uhulumeni wase-UK akanaso imfuneko engokomthetho yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilwane ziyamangala ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, ngakho-ke cishe u-65% wezilwane ezihlatshwe e-UK ngenxa ye-Halal ziyamangala kuqala, kodwa zonke izilwane ezihlatshwe ngaphansi kwe-Shechita (ye-Kosher) azithuswa. . Ngo-2018, iNkantolo Yezobulungiswa ye-European Union yaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlatshwa kwesiko ngaphandle kokumangalisa kungenzeka kuphela endaweni yokulashelwa egunyaziwe.

Ngo-2017, uFlanders wayala ukuthi zonke izilwane zimangele ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, futhi i-Wallonia yalandela ngo-2018, yavimbela ngempumelelo ukubulawa kwenkolo kuyo yonke indawo yaseBelgium. Iqembu labantu abangu-16 kanye namaqembu amelela i-7 aphikisana nokuvinjelwa kuqala alethe icala enkantolo yaseBelgium, eyafika eNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu eLuxembourg ngo-2020. Ngo-13 ^th February 2024, INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, amalungelo aphezulu eYurophu. enkantolo, yaphakamisa ukuvinjelwa kweBelgium kokuhlatshwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kudliwe ngaphandle kokubathusa kuqala, okuvulela amanye amazwe e-EU umnyango wokuvala ukuhlatshwa kwenkolo ngaphandle kokumangalisa.

Yonke le mpikiswano iqinisekisa nje ukuthi ayikho into enjengokubulala abantu, futhi okwenziwa yizinkolo, amasiko, kanye nemithetho imane ihlanze isenzo sonya esingenakuthethelelwa futhi ithi izindlela zabo azinonya kakhulu kunalezo ezisetshenziswa abanye.

Ubuntu Yizwi Elidukisayo

Isiqephu sokugcina esisele ekuhlakazweni komqondo othi "Ukuhlatshwa Kobuntu" yigama elithi "Humane" ngokwalo. Leli gama lisho ukuba noma ukukhombisa uzwelo, uzwelo, umusa, nokucabangela abanye. Ngendlela efanayo abantu abaye bakhetha ngayo ukuzibiza ngokuthi “inkawu ehlakaniphile” ( Homo sapiens ), kuwukuzikhukhumeza ngokumangalisayo ngohlanga lwesintu ukusebenzisa igama lohlobo lwaso njengomsuka wegama elihloselwe ukusho “ububele” nelithi “ nomusa.”

Lokhu akumangazi ngoba siphila ezweni lapho i-carnism iwumbono odlangile. Enye ye-axioms eyinhloko ye-carnism yi- Axiom of Supremacism , ethi, "Singabantu abaphakeme, futhi zonke ezinye izidalwa zingaphansi kombuso ongaphansi kwethu", ngakho-ke sivame ukuzithwesa umqhele phezu kwanoma iyiphi i-hierarchy, futhi ngokwemvelo thina. sebenzisa igama elithi “umuntu” ukuze lisho ophakeme ezimweni eziningi. Isibonelo, ngendlela izidalwa ezibulala ngayo ezinye izidalwa, sibhale "indlela yomuntu" yokukwenza njengendlela engcono kakhulu, futhi siyibiza ngokuthi "indlela yomuntu". Enye i-axiom eyinhloko ye-carnism i-axiom of Violence, ethi, "Ubudlova obubhekiswe kwezinye izidalwa ezizwelayo abunakugwenywa ukusinda". Ngakho-ke, ama-carnists amukela ukuhlaba njengomsebenzi osemthethweni ongenakugwenywa, futhi babheka indlela yomuntu yokuhlaba iyindlela engcono kakhulu. Ekugcineni, enye i-axiom eyinhloko ye-carnism yi-axiom ye-Dominion, ethi, "Ukuxhashazwa kwezinye izidalwa ezinemizwa kanye nokubusa kwethu phezu kwazo kuyadingeka ukuze kuphumelele." Ngalokhu ama-carnists athethelela ukwenza izindlela zomthetho zokuhlaba ezingabuhlungu noma ezicindezelayo ngoba ezingqondweni zabo isidingo sokuchuma ngokuxhaphaza abanye sibonisa ukubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle ekubulaleni ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yalabo ababulewe. Ngamanye amazwi, indlela “efanele umuntu” ekhethelwe ukubulala ngobuningi labo abantu “abaphakeme” abaxhashazwa ngayo akusadingeki ukuba kube indlela ebonisa ububele nenomusa kunawo wonke. Wonke lawa ma-axiom e-carnist ehlangene adale umqondo we-oxymoronic "wokubulala komuntu" esiwubona emhlabeni jikelele namuhla.

Njengoba i-veganism iphambene ne-carnism, ama-axioms ayo angasikhomba ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-axiom ye -ahimsa izovimbela imifino (kanye nabadla imifino) ekuhlabeni noma ubani nganoma yisiphi isizathu, i-axiom yemizwa yezilwane kanye ne-anti-speciesism izosivimbela ekwenzeni noma yikuphi okuhlukile, i-axiom yokulwa nokuxhashazwa izosivimbela ngisho nasekutholeni ububele beqiniso. indlela yokubulala ngobuningi labo esibanakekelayo, futhi i-axiom ye-vicariousness ingasenza sikhankase ngokumelene nokuhlatshwa kwezilwane futhi singathengi inkohliso "yokubulala komuntu" lokho abantu abanciphisa kanye nabaguquguqukayo bayakholelwa. Kunomhlaba lapho ukuhlatshwa kungekho khona, futhi lelo yi- The Vegan World of the future, kodwa kulo mhlaba we-carnist esiphila kuwo manje, okungekho "ukubulawa kwabantu."

Uma zonke izilwane bezivotela ukukhetha igama elinegama elichazayo kakhulu lezinhlobo zethu, igama elithi “umbulali” cishe belizowina. Amagama athi “umuntu” nelithi “umbulali” angase abe nomqondo ofanayo ezingqondweni zabo. Kubo, noma yini “eyobuntu” ingase izwakale ifana nokufa.

“Ukubulala Okungabantu” kuye kwaba indlela enonya ebabazekayo abantu ababulala ngayo abanye.