Izilwane Eziyi-13 Ezibhekene Nokuqothulwa Ngenxa Yomphumela Womuntu

Kube nokushabalala okukhulu okuhlanu emlandweni womhlaba. Manje, ososayensi abaningi bathi siphakathi kokushabalala kwenqwaba yesithupha . Echazwa abanye ososayensi ngokuthi “ukucwiywa ngokushesha kwesihlahla sokuphila,” izinto ezihlukahlukene ezenziwa abantu phakathi neminyaka engu-500 edlule ziye zabangela ukuba izitshalo, izinambuzane nezilwane ziqothulwe ngezinga elishaqisayo .

Ukushabalala okukhulu yilapho amaphesenti angama-75 ezinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba eshabalala phakathi neminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-2.8. Ukushabalala kwesikhathi esidlule kube ngenxa yezehlakalo ezenzeka kanye, njengokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo nomthelela we-asteroid, noma izinqubo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomkhathi. Ukushabalala kwenqwaba yamanje kuyingqayizivele ngoba kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi yabantu.

Ucwaningo lwase-Stanford lwango-2023 lwathola ukuthi kusukela ngo-1500 AD, zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane bezishabalala ngesilinganiso esiphindwe izikhathi ezingama-35 kunaseminyakeni eyisigidi edlule. Lokhu kushabalala okusheshayo , ababhali bocwaningo babhala, akugcini nje ngokulimaza iplanethi — futhi “kucekela phansi izimo ezenza ukuphila komuntu kwenzeke.”

Kungani Izilwane Zizoshabalala?

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezake zaba khona eMhlabeni, amaphesenti angu-98 asevele ashabalala . Nokho, kusukela ngeNguquko Yezimboni, abantu bebelokhu bekhipha izinsiza zoMhlaba, beshintsha umhlaba wawo futhi bangcolise umkhathi wawo ngesivinini esisheshayo.

Phakathi kuka-1850 no-2022, ukukhishwa kwe-greenhouse minyaka yonke kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe kashumi ; siguqule cishe uhhafu womhlaba okuhlalwa kuwo waba ezolimo, futhi sacekela phansi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yawo wonke amahlathi kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age yokugcina engu-10,000 edlule.

Konke lokhu kulimaza izilwane ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kulimaza kakhulu, njengoba kucekela phansi zonke izindawo ezihlala izilwane eziningi ezithembele kuzo ukuze ziphile. Izinhlelo zethu zokudla zinecala elikhulu ngalokhu kucekelwa phansi, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuyimbangela enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi .

Izilwane Eziyi-13 Ezizoshabalala

ezingaba ngu -273 kungenzeka zishabalala nsuku zonke , ngokokuhlaziya okunye. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezilwane okusanda kumenyezelwa ukuthi azisekho zihlanganisa:

• Isele legolide
• Impisi yaseNorway
• Iselesele likaDu Toit
• Rodrigues day gecko enamachashazi aluhlaza

Nakuba ngeshwa sekwephuzile kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinye izilwane eziningi zisagcwele amathafa onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, kodwa zisamile. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.

Saolas

AmaSaola ayisihlobo esihlala ehlathini sezinkomo ezihlala kuphela ezintabeni phakathi kweVietnam neLaos. Eyaziwa ngezimpondo zayo ezinde, eziqondile kanye nezimpawu zobuso ezimhlophe ezihlukile, i-saola yaqala ukutholwa ngo-1992, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhona phakathi kweshumi nambili kuphela namakhulu ambalwa asele .

I-North Atlantic Right Whales

I-North Atlantic right whale yayizingelwa kwaze kwaba sekugcineni kokushabalala ngabadayisi bemikhomo abathengisa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe ngo-1935 savimbela ukuzingela kwayo yonke imikhomo, kodwa ukungqubuzana kwemikhumbi nokubambiswa kwezinto zokudoba kuye kwavimbela inani labantu bakhona ukuba lingaphinde liphindaphindeke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunama -whale angama-360 aseNyakatho ye-Atlantic asele .

AmaGharials

I-Gharial iwuhlobo lwengwenya enekhala elincanyana, elide namehlo agqamile, anama-bulb. Nakuba yake yahlakazeka kulo lonke elaseNdiya, Bangladesh, Myanmar nakwamanye amazwe amaningana aseningizimu ye-Asia, inani labantu abayingozi lehle ngamaphesenti angama-98 kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940, futhi manje selitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zaseNepal nasenyakatho yeNdiya.

Ukuzingela, ukudoba ngokweqile kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ukubanjwa ngephutha amanetha okudoba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo endaweni yamadlelo kumane nje kuyizinto ezimbalwa ezenziwa abantu ezibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwezibalo ze-gharial.

I-Kākāpos

Upholi ohamba ebusuku, ongandizi odabuka eNew Zealand, kukholakala ukuthi i-kākāpō inokuphila okude kunayo yonke kunoma iyiphi inyoni, kanti eminye kubikwa ukuthi iphila iminyaka engu-90. Ngeshwa, futhi banezinto eziningi ezisebenza ngokumelene nabo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okuphansi, ukuzivikela okungasebenzi ezilwaneni ezidla izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezinkathi zokuzalanisa ezingavamile.

Ngawo-1990, kwakusele ama-kākāpō angama-50 kuphela , kodwa imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo enolaka ilethe inani labantu phezu kwama-250.

I-Amur Leopards

Ingwe yase-Amur iyikati elikhulu elingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni , kanti izilinganiso zilinganisela inani labantu abasele ngaphansi kwama-200. Zihlala kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude YaseRussia nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane zasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, futhi njengezilwane ezidla ezinye, zidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. ukusiza ukugcina ibhalansi yezilwane zendawo kanye nezilwane zasendle. Ngeshwa, sezicishe zaqedwa ukuzingela, ukugawulwa kwemithi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni neminye imisebenzi yabantu.

Ama-Vaquitas

I-vaquita i-porpoise encane ehlala enyakatho yeGulf of California eMexico. Yize bekukhona cishe ama-600 awo ngasekupheleni kuka-1997 , manje sekusele ama-vaquita ayi-10 kuphela emhlabeni , okuwenza abe ngesinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane emhlabeni.

Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esaziwayo sokuncipha kwenani labantu ngamanetha okudoba; nakuba ama-vaquita ngokwawo engadotshwa, avame ukubanjwa ngamanethi ahloselwe ukubamba izinhlanzi ze-totoaba — yona ngokwayo ewuhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala olungekho emthethweni ukudayisa noma ukuhwebelana .

Obhejane Abamnyama

Ubhejane omnyama wake watholakala yonke indawo e-Afrika, kanti ezinye izilinganiso zibeka inani labantu abayisigidi ngo-1900 . Ngeshwa, ukuzingela okunonya okwenziwa amakoloni aseYurophu ekhulwini lama-20 kwenza inani labo lehla, futhi ngo-1995, kwakusele obhejane abamnyama abangu-2 400 kuphela.

Nokho, ngenxa yemizamo engapheli neqinisiwe yokongiwa kwemvelo kulo lonke elase-Afrika, nokho, inani lobhejane abamnyama liye landa kakhulu, futhi manje sebengaphezu kuka-6 000 babo.

Obhejane Abamhlophe BaseNyakatho

Ubhejane omhlophe wasenyakatho, ngeshwa, awubanga nenhlanhla njengozakwabo omnyama. Lolu hlobo lusebenza ngokushabalala , njengoba amalungu amabili kuphela asele alolu hlobo kokubili okungabesifazane. Bahlala e-Ol Pejeta Conservancy eKenya, futhi bavikelwe onogada abahlomile amahora angu-24 ngosuku .

Kukhona, nokho, ukukhanya okuncane kwethemba kubhejane omhlophe wasenyakatho. Ngokuhlanganisa amaqanda obhejane besifazane ababili abasele abamhlophe basenyakatho nesidoda esaqoqwa kwabesilisa ngaphambi kokuba bafe bonke, abalondolozi bemvelo baye benza imibungu emisha yobhejane omhlophe wasenyakatho. Banethemba lokuvuselela lolu hlobo ngokufaka leyo mibungu kobhejane abamhlophe abaseningizimu , njengoba lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zifana ngofuzo.

Cross River Gorilla

I-subspecies ye-gorilla yasentshonalanga, i-gorilla ewela umfula iyivelakancane yezinkawu ezinkulu, abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi kusekhona ama-200 kuya kwangu-300 kuphela . Ukuzingela, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokugawulwa kwamahlathi yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zokuncipha kwawo. Njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi awasekho, ama-gorilla awela umfula manje ahlala kuphela emahlathini emngceleni weNigeria neCameroon.

Ama-Hawksbill Sea Turtles

Zaziwa ngamaphethini azo amagobolondo ahlotshisiwe kanye namakhala amade anjengoqhwaku, izimfudu zasolwandle zohlobo lwe-hawksbill zidla izipontshi kuphela, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni imvelo yezixhobo zamakhorali .

Nokho, inani lazo liye lehla ngamaphesenti angu-80 ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yabazingeli abafuna amagobolondo abo amahle. Nakuba izimfudu zasolwandle zohlobo lwe-hawksbill kwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi zihlala ezindaweni zamakhorali kuphela, zisanda kubonwa emihlume eMpumalanga Pacific futhi.

I-Vancouver Island Marmots

Njengoba igama lazo liphakamisa, izimbila zithutha eSiqhingini saseVancouver zitholakala esiqhingini saseVancouver kuphela. Ngo-2003, kwakusele abangaphansi kuka-30 kubo , kodwa ngenxa yemizamo eqinile neqhubekayo yabalondolozi bemvelo, inani labo liye landa kakhulu, futhi manje sebengaba ngu-300 babo .

Nokho, basasengozini enkulu. Izinsongo eziyinhloko ababhekana nazo ukudlelwa ama-cougars kanye nokuncipha kwe-snowpack ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okusongela uhlaza oluludlayo.

Izindlovu zaseSumatran

Esizukulwaneni esisodwa nje, izindlovu zaseSumatran zalahlekelwa amaphesenti angu-50 abantu bazo kanye namaphesenti angu-69 wendawo yazo. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuncipha kwazo ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nezinye izingxabano nabantu.

Izindlovu zaseSumatran zidinga ukudla amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-300 amahlamvu nsuku zonke, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi indawo yazo eningi isicekeleke phansi, zivame ukuzulazula emizaneni nakwezinye izindawo zokuhlala zabantu ziyofuna ukudla, okuholela ebudloveni nhlangothi zombili.

Ama-orangutan

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-orangutan, futhi zonke zisengozini enkulu yokushabalala . I-Bornean orangutan ikakhulukazi ilahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angu-80 wendawo yayo eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, ingxenye enkulu ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi abakhiqizi bamafutha esundu , kuyilapho inani lama-orangutan aseSumatran lehle ngamaphesenti angu-80 kusukela ngawo-1970. Ngaphezu kokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ama-orangutan ngokuvamile azingelwa ukuze athole inyama yawo, noma abanjwe eseyizinsana futhi agcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo .

Umugqa Ophansi

Ososayensi baye baxwayisa ngokuthi, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesinyathelo esisheshayo nesiwujuqu sokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, amaphesenti angaba ngu-37 azo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo angase ashabalale ngo-2050. Ucwaningo lwaseStanford, luveza “usongo olungenakulungiseka ekuphikeleleni kwempucuko.”

Umhlaba uyisimiso sezinto eziphilayo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esixhumene, futhi iziphetho zethu njengabantu zixhumene neziphetho zazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo esihlanganyela nazo iplanethi. Izinga lesiyezi izilwane ezishabalala ngalo alibi nje kulezo zilwane. Kungenzeka, yizindaba ezimbi kakhulu nakithi.