Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kusengenye yezinqubo eziyimpikiswano kakhulu ezimpambanweni zesayensi, izimiso zokuziphatha, nenqubekelaphambili yomuntu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka izigidi zezilwane—kuhlanganise namagundane, onogwaja, izinkawu nezinja—ziye zahlolwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga emhlabeni wonke, ngokuvamile zibekezelela ubuhlungu, ukuvalelwa, nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lezi zinqubo zenziwa egameni lokuthuthukisa imithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Kodwa ngemuva kwezindonga ezingenalutho zezikhungo zokucwaninga, izilwane zibhekana nokuhlupheka okukhulu, kuphakamisa imibuzo ephuthumayo mayelana nokuziphatha kanye nesidingo semikhuba enjalo.
Nakuba abasekeli bephikisana ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kube nomthelela empumelelweni yezokwelapha kanye nokuphepha kwabathengi, ubufakazi obukhulayo bubonisa ukulinganiselwa kwakho kanye nokushiyeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukuhlola okuningi kwehluleka ukuhumushela ngempumelelo kubhayoloji yabantu, okwenza kube nokungabaza ngokwethembeka kwakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe—njengamamodeli e-organ-on-a-chip, ukulingisa kwekhompyutha okuthuthukisiwe, namaseli omuntu athuthukile—kunikeza ezinye izindlela ezinobuntu futhi ngokuvamile ezinembe kakhudlwana. Lezi zenzakalo zibekela inselele umbono ophelelwe yisikhathi wokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kubalulekile futhi kubonisa indlela eya enqubekelaphambili yesayensi ngaphandle konya.
Lesi sigaba sihlola izindinganiso zokuziphatha, zesayensi, kanye nezomthetho zokuhlolwa kwezilwane, kunikeza ukukhanya kukho kokubili ukuhlupheka okukubandakanyayo kanye namathuba okukushintsha kusebenzise izindlela ezinozwela, ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokuhlola imithetho yamanje, izinqubo zemboni, kanye nemizamo yokumela, igcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokusheshisa ukuguquka kude nokuhlola okusekelwe ezilwaneni. Ekugcineni, ukubhekana nokuhlolwa kwezilwane akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa isayensi kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha namagugu obulungisa, uzwela, nokuhlonipha zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umhlaba ubone ushintsho olukhulu emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nezimonyo. Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kwendabuko, okuke kwabonwa njengendlela edingekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo, kuya kuphonselwa inselelo ngokufika kwezindlela zokuhlola okungezona ezesilwane. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azithembisi nje ukuba nobuntu kodwa futhi zizoshesha, zishibhile, futhi zithembeke kakhulu kunozakwabo abasekelwe ezilwaneni. I-Cell Cultures Amasiko amaseli abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwesimanje, olwenza ososayensi bakhule futhi bafunde amangqamuzana omuntu nawezilwane ngaphandle komzimba. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana omuntu nezilwane, kusukela kumangqamuzana esikhumba kuye kuma-neuron namaseli esibindi, zingakhuliswa ngempumelelo elabhorethri. Lokhu kuye kwavumela abacwaningi ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamaseli ngezindlela ezazingenakwenzeka ngaphambili. Amasiko amaseli atshalwa ezitsheni ze-petri noma amaflask agcwele ...
