Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuzungezile ukukhiqizwa koboya kudlulela ngalé komkhuba ophikisanayo womnyuzi. E-Australia, i-mulesing—inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebuhlungu eyenziwa ezimvini ukuze kuvinjelwe i-flystrike—kusemthethweni ngaphandle kokudambisa izinhlungu kuzo zonke izifundazwe nezindawo ngaphandle kwaseVictoria. Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yokuqeda nokuvimbela lokhu kucwiywa kwezitho zomzimba, kusalokhu kudlangile embonini. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo: kungani i-mulesing iqhubeka, futhi yiziphi ezinye izindaba zokuziphatha ezihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa koboya?
U-Emma Hakansson, Umsunguli kanye Nomqondisi we-Collective Fashion Justice, uphenya ngalokhu kukhathazeka ku-Voiceless Blog yakamuva. I-athikili ihlola inkambiso ye-mulesing, ezinye izindlela zayo, kanye nesimo esibanzi sokuziphatha semboni yoboya. Igqamisa ukuzalaniswa okukhethekile kwezimvu ze-Merino, okwandisa inkinga ye-flystrike, futhi ihlola ukumelana kwemboni noshintsho naphezu kwezindlela ezikhona ezikhona ezifana nokugedla nokuzalela isikhumba esishwabene kancane.
Lesi siqeshana siphinde sikhulume ngempendulo yemboni ekukhulumeni ngokumelene nama-mulesing, ephawula ukuthi nakuba kukhona inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe-njengokusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kokudambisa ubuhlungu eVictoria-umkhuba usalokhu usabalele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko sisikhanyisela ngokunye ukucwiywa kwezitho zomzimba okuvamile, njengokunqunywa umsila nokuthenwa, nesiphetho esiwujuqu sezimvu ezifuywa ngovolo, eziningi zazo ezihlatshelwa inyama.
Ngokuhlola lezi zindaba, lesi sihloko sigcizelela isidingo sokubuyekezwa okuphelele kokuziphatha kokukhiqizwa koboya, sinxusa abafundi ukuba bacabangele umongo obanzi wokuxhashazwa kwezilwane kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho ezikuqhubekisela phambili.
Ngalokhu kuhlola, kuyacaca ukuthi izingqinamba zokuziphatha zoboya ziningi futhi zidinga umzamo ohlangene wokubhekana hhayi nje nama-mules, kodwa yonke inqwaba yezinkathazo zezenhlalakahle embonini. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimilo ukukhiqizwa koboya okuzungezile kunwebeka kakhulu ngale komkhuba oyimpikiswano womnyuzi. E-Australia, ukuhlinza—inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebuhlungu eyenziwa ezimvini ukuze kuvinjwe i-flystrike—kusemthethweni ngaphandle kokudambisa izinhlungu kuzo zonke izifundazwe nezindawo ngaphandle kwase-Victoria. Naphezu kwemizamo eqhubekayo yokuqeda nokuvimba lokhu kucwiywa kwesikhumba, kusalokhu kudlondlobala imboni. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo: kungani kuqhubeka umnyuzi, futhi iziphi ezinye izindaba zokuziphatha ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa koboya?
U-Emma Hakansson, Umsunguli kanye Nomqondisi we-Collective Fashion Justice, udingida lokhu kukhathazeka ku-Voiceless Blog yakamuva. I-athikili ihlola inkambiso ye-mulesing, ezinye izindlela zayo, kanye nemvelo ebanzi yezimiso zomkhakha uboya. Igqamisa ukuzalaniswa okukhethekile kwezimvu ze-Merino, ezikhulisa inkinga ye-flystrike, futhi ihlola ukumelana komkhakha—ukushintsha naphezu kwezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo njengokuhlikihla kanye ukuzikhethela ukuzalela isikhumba esishwabene kancane.
Lesi siqeshana siphinde sikhulume ngempendulo yemboni ekukhulumeni ngokumelene nama-mulesing, iphawula ukuthi nakuba kukhona inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe-njengokusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kokudambisa izinhlungu e-Victoria-umkhuba usalokhu usabalele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko sisikhanyisela ngokunye ukucwiywa kwezitho zangasese, njengokugoqwa komsila nokuthenwa, nesiphetho sezimvu ezifuywa ngovolo, eziningi zazo ezihlatshelwa inyama.
Ngokuhlola lezi zinkinga, lesi sihloko sigcizelela isidingo sokubuyekezwa okuphelele kokuziphatha kokukhiqizwa koboya, sinxusa abafundi ukuba bacabangele umongo obanzi wokuxhashazwa kwezilwane kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho ezikuqhubekisela phambili. Ngalokhu kuhlola, kuba sobala ukuthi izingqinamba zokuziphatha zoboya zinezimo eziningi futhi zidinga umzamo ohlangene ukuze kubhekwane hhayi nje ngomnyuzi, kodwa yonke inhlobo yokukhathazeka kwezenhlalakahle embonini.
I-mulesing yindlela yokuhlinzwa ebuhlungu esizwa kakhulu ngayo uma kuziwa ekufuyeni izimvu. E-Australia umkhuba wokusebenzisa iminyuzi usemthethweni ngaphandle kokudambisa izinhlungu kuzo zonke izifundazwe nezindawo, ngaphandle kwaseVictoria. Imizamo eqhubekayo yenziwe ukuze kuqedwe futhi kuvalwe ukucwiywa kwezitho ngokuphelele. Pho kungani kusengenzeka, futhi ingabe zikhona ezinye izindaba zokuziphatha ezihlobene noboya, ngale komnyuzi? U-Emma Hakansson, Umsunguli kanye Nomqondisi we -Collective Fashion Justice, uhlola lolu daba ku-Voiceless Blog yakamuva.
Umkhuba womnyuzi
Namuhla, ngaphezu kuka-70% womhlambi wezimvu wase-Australia wakhiwe izimvu ze-Merino, enye esele kuyi-Merino crossbred izimvu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimvu. Izimvu ze-merino ziye zafuywa ngokukhetha ukuze zibe noboya obuningi futhi obuhle kunokhokho bazo. Eqinisweni, i- mouflon , ukhokho oyisilwane sezimvu zanamuhla, yayinejazi loboya eliwugqinsi elalivele lichitheke ehlobo. Manje, izimvu zikhethwa ngokukhetha ngoboya obuningi kangangokuthi kufanele bugundwe kuzo. Inkinga ngalokhu, ukuthi bonke lobu boya, uma buhlanganiswe nomchamo nendle emaceleni amakhulu, athambile ezimvu, buheha izimpukane. Izimpukane zingabekela amaqanda esikhumbeni sezimvu, okuholela ekutheni izibungu ezichanyuselwa zidle lesi sikhumba. Lokhu kubizwa nge -fly-strike .
Ukusabela ku-flystrike, kwaqalwa umkhuba wokusebenzisa iminyuzi. I-mulesing isenzeka kuyo yonke imboni yoboya be-Merino e-Australia, futhi nakuba kukhona umnyakazo obheke ekusetshenzisweni kokudambisa izinhlungu, akudingekile ngokomthetho ukuthi isetshenziswe, ngaphandle kwase-Victoria . Ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kweminyuzi, isikhumba esingemuva kwewundlu sisikwa kabuhlungu ngezikele ezicijile, kanti izithombe ezicashile zokucwiywa kukhombisa amawundlu asebunzimeni obukhulu.
I-fly-strike iyisenzakalo esihlasimulisa umzimba ngempela kumawundlu, ngakho-ke imboni yoboya ithi ukugaxa iminyuzi kuyisixazululo esidingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuvimbela i-flystrike ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa ukugunda (ukugunda ngemuva) kanye nokuzalanisa okukhethayo (ngaphandle kwemibimbi noma uvolo ngemuva), okubonakale njengezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa umnyuzi. Asikho-ke isizathu sokubeka amawundlu isihluku esidlulele njengokwenza iminyuzi.
Imizamo yokwenqabela ukusabela komnyuzi kanye nezimboni
Amabhrendi amaningi akhokha kakhulu ukuze asebenzise futhi athengise uvolo oqinisekisiwe ongafakwanga umnyuzi, kuyilapho amanye amazwe efuna ukuduba uboya bezimvu ezifakwe umnyuzi. Amanye amazwe, njengeNew Zealand, awuvimbele ngokuphelele lo mkhuba. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ngaphansi kwekota eyodwa yabantu base-Australia 'bagunyaza' ukudotshwa kweminyuzi, futhi izinhlangano ezifana ne -FOUR PAWS , i-PETA kanye ne-Animals Australia ziye zaphoqelela ukuthi kuvalwe ukudotshwa kweminyuzi ezweni iminyaka. I-Australian Wool Innovation (AWI) yazibophezela ekuqedeni ukusebenza kwe-mules ngo-2010, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yabuyela emuva kulesi sithembiso. Ngokwenza lokhu, imboni yathi ngeke yenze ngokuvumelana nezifiso zabameli bamalungelo ezilwane futhi iphendula isikhalo somphakathi mayelana nalesi sinqumo, i-AWI yafuna izeluleko zochwepheshe ukuze kuliwe nokucindezela okubi okuholwa abameli kunokuba kuguqule isimo se-mulesing ezweni. imboni.
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu imboni yezoboya mayelana nokuvimbela ukuthuthwa kwemnyuzi kuvezwe ngokucacile esicaphuni esiphathelene nokuvinjelwa okungase kube khona ukudunyiswa kweminyuzi, evela kusihlalo weKomidi Loboya Lwabalimi BaseNew South Wales [lapho ekhuluma neziyalezo zomthetho]: ' okukhathazayo ukuthi, sizoma kuphi lesi sidingo sokudambisa izinhlungu? ' Imboni yoboya ibonakala ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokubona komphakathi, kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi ekuvikelweni kwezilwane okungase kuguqule isimo esikhona 'sezinqubo zokuhlinza' ezinonya, ezingenamithi.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ukumela kuyasebenza, ngisho noma kuhamba kancane. Esifundeni saseVictoria, ukwenza iminyuzi manje kudinga ukukhululeka kobuhlungu . Nakuba ukwenza iminyuzi kuwumkhuba ononya, ngisho nalapho kukhulula ubuhlungu - njengoba ukusebenza kwezindlela zokusiza ezihlukene kuhluka, ikakhulukazi njengoba inxeba elivulekile lithatha isikhathi ukuphola kanye nezizathu 'zefilosofi' ezengeziwe, mayelana nelungelo lethu lokubangela ukwesaba nokuvimbela abanye abantu. ukuzimela komzimba — lena inqubekelaphambili.
Okunye ukucwiywa kwewundlu
Ukube iminyuzi ibingavunyelwe, amawundlu ngabe asekhona ngaphansi kommese. Ngobubanzi bemboni, amawundlu anesonto elilodwa ubudala ngokusemthethweni , futhi athenwa uma eyiduna. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokumisa umsila kanye nokuthena e-Australia ukusebenzisa ummese oshisayo, kanye nezindandatho zenjoloba eziqinile ezinqamula ukujikeleza kwegazi. Futhi, kumawundlu angaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala akukho ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okudingekayo, nokho kunesisekelo esincane kakhulu sesayensi salokhu okuhlukile.
Nakuba ukuvinjelwa kweminyuzi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuhlupheka kwezimvu, lena akuyona ukuphela kwenkinga izimvu ezifuywayo ezibhekene nazo. Ngokufanayo, nakuba amacala odlame lokugunda ebhalwe kabanzi , zonke lezi zindaba zezenhlalakahle zidinga ukuqondwa ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wokuxhashazwa: izimvu ezifuywa embonini yeboya zonke ziphelela ezilaheni.
Imboni yokubulala
Izimvu eziningi ezifuywa ngoboya bazo nazo ziyahlatshwa futhi zidayiswe 'njengenyama'. Eqinisweni, izinsiza zemboni zibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezimvu ezinoboya 'njengezinjongo ezimbili ' ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Ezinye izimvu zihlatshwa ngemva kweminyaka ethile yokugundwa njalo, zize ‘ziguge’. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uboya bezimvu buye bawohloka , baba mncane futhi baba brittle (njengezinwele zabantu ezigugayo) kuze kube seqophelweni lapho imvu ibhekwa yimboni njengenzuzo efile ngaphezu kokuphila. Lezi zimvu ngokuvamile zihlatshwa cishe phakathi nesikhathi sazo semvelo sokuphila, cishe eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha ubudala . Ngokuvamile inyama yabo ithunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle , njengoba imakethe yenyama yezimvu ezindala, noma yemvu, ayibalulekile e-Australia.
Ezinye izimvu, ezisengamawundlu, zihlatshwa embonini yenyama cishe zinezinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya kweziyi-9 ubudala futhi zithengiswa njengama-chops nokunye ukusikwa kwenyama. Lawa mawundlu avame ukugundwa ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa kwawo , noma, kuye ngenani lemakethe ngaleso sikhathi, ahlatshwa ngaphandle kokugundwa, njengoba isikhumba sawo esinoboya singaba yigugu ekukhiqizeni amabhuzu, amabhantshi nezinye izimpahla zemfashini.
Izimvu njengabantu ngabanye
Nakuba izimvu ezifuywa ngoboya bazo zibhekana nezinye izinkinga zesimilo , njengokuzalanisa okukhethayo kwamawele namawele amathathu, izimvu zasebusika, nokuthekelisa ngaphandle bukhoma, inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke izimvu ezibhekene nazo embonini yoboya yiyona ezibeke lapho - imithetho ehlulekayo kuzo. Emphakathini othanda izinhlobo zezilwane obandlulula abantu abathile ngenxa yobulungu bezinhlobo zezilwane, imithetho ivikela izilwane ezithile kuphela ngamazinga ahlukene. Imithetho yokuvikelwa kwezilwane yase-Australia idala izindinganiso ezimbaxambili ezilwaneni ezifuywayo - njengezimvu, izinkomo, nezingulube, inqabela ukuvikela okufanayo okuhlinzekwa yizinja noma amakati. Azikho kulezi zilwane okungezona abantu nokho, eziqashelwa njengabantu abasemthethweni , okuzenza 'njengempahla' emehlweni omthetho.
Izimvu ziyizidalwa ezizizwayo , ezikwazi ukuzwa injabulo njengobuhlungu, injabulo njengokwesaba. Ukucwiywa kwezitho ezithile akukona ukuphela kokuwohloka kokuziphatha koboya, kumane kuyizimpawu zemboni eyakhelwe phezu kokuguqulwa kwabantu babe 'izinto' ezizosetshenziselwa inzuzo. Ukuze siphathe izimvu ngokweqiniso ngokweqiniso, kufanele siqale sizibheke njengezosizo lwemali. Lapho senza kanjalo, siyabona ukuthi izimvu azizona neze izinto ezibonakalayo.
U-Emma Hakansson unguMsunguli kanye noMqondisi we -Collective Fashion Justice , inhlangano ezinikele ekudaleni uhlelo lwemfashini olugcina izimiso zokuziphatha eziphelele, ngokubeka phambili ukuphila kwazo zonke izilwane; womuntu nokungeyena umuntu, kanye neplanethi. Usebenze ekhiqiza imikhankaso yezinhlangano eziningi ezilwela amalungelo ezilwane, futhi ungumbhali.
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