Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke liqhubeka nokukhula kanye nezindlela zokuphila ezicebile zithuthukisa ukudliwa kwenyama, izindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza inyama ziya ngokuya zicutshungulwa ngezingozi zabo zempilo yomphakathi kanye nokukhathazeka ngesimilo. Ukulima kwasefekthri, indlela edlangile yokukhiqiza inyama, kuxhumene nokungazweli kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nokusabalala kwezifo ze-zoonotic, kuyilapho kuphakamisa izinkinga ezibalulekile zenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ukuphendula lezi zinselele, inyama ekhulisiwe—ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi yokwenziwa noma inyama ehlanzekile—ivela njengenye indlela ethembisayo. Le athikili icubungula izinzuzo eziyinkulungwane zenyama ekhulisiwe, njengamandla ayo okunciphisa izingozi zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nokudambisa ukuhlupheka kwezilwane, futhi ihlola amasu asebenzayo okukhuthaza ukwamukelwa komphakathi kanye nokwamukelwa kwalo mthombo wokudla osuvele umusha. Ngokukhuluma ngengqondo. izithiyo ezifana nokunengeka nokubhekwa njengokuphambene nemvelo, kanye nokumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkambiso zomphakathi esikhundleni semithetho ephoqelelayo, ukushintshela enyameni ekhulisiwe kungenziwa lula. Lolu shintsho aluthembisi kuphela ikusasa elinokuziphatha okuhle nelizinzile lokudliwa inyama kodwa futhi ligcizelela ukubaluleka kwesenzo esihlangene ekufezeni lezi zinhloso.
Isifinyezo Ngu: Emma Alcyone | Isifundo Soqobo Ngu: Anomaly, J., Browning, H., Fleischman, D., & Veit, W. (2023). | Kushicilelwe: Julayi 2, 2024
Inyama ekhulisiwe inganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo zomphakathi futhi inciphise ukuhlupheka kwezilwane. Umphakathi ungathonywa kanjani ukuba ulamukele?
Inyama yokwenziwa, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inyama ekhulisiwe” noma “ehlanzekile”, inciphisa ubungozi bezempilo yomphakathi obuhlobene nokulima kwasefekthri, njengokungazweli ngama-antibiotic kanye nezifo ezivela ezilwaneni ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye ne-coronavirus. Iphinde igweme unya lwezilwane ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola amasu okunqoba izithiyo zengqondo zabathengi njengokunengeka nokubonwa okungezona ezemvelo. Ichaza uguquko olusuka ekufuyweni kwezilwane ngokwesiko luye enyameni ekhulisiwe njengenkinga yesenzo esihlangene, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinkambiso zomphakathi phezu kwemithetho ephoqelelayo ukwenza lolu shintsho.
Naphezu kokwanda kwe-vegetarianism kanye ne-veganism emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama emhlabeni jikelele kuyaqhubeka nokwanda. Lokhu akubangelwa nje ukukhula kwenani labantu; abantu abacebile ngokuvamile badla inyama eningi. Isibonelo, leli phepha liphawula ukuthi umuntu ojwayelekile eShayina ngo-2010 wadla inyama ephindwe kane kunangeminyaka yawo-1970. Ngenxa yalesi sidingo esikhulayo emhlabeni wonke, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulazi efektri kuye kwaqhubeka kukhula.
Amapulazi amafekthri enza ukukhiqiza izilwane ezidliwayo kushibhe kakhulu, okusibekela ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zawo zokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zigcwele ndawonye emapulazini emboni, abalimi kudingeka basebenzise inani eliphezulu lama-antibiotic ukuze bangaguli. Lokhu kuthembela kuma-antibiotics kwandisa ingozi yokumelana nama-antibiotic kanye nezifo ze-zoonotic, okuyizifo ezisakazeka zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Kukhona njalo ingozi yesifo se-zoonotic lapho usebenzisa izilwane ekudleni, kodwa ukulima kwefekthri kwenza le ngozi ibe namandla kakhulu.
Ngenkathi ezinye izizwe zaseNtshonalanga zenza imithethonqubo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusakhula ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinjengeChina, India, kanye neNyakatho Afrika. Lezi zingozi zezempilo zomphakathi ziphambene nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokukhiqizwa kwenyama ehlanzekile. Inyama ehlanzekile iveza enye indlela enciphisa ukudluliswa kwezifo.
Inhlalakahle yezilwane kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ekulimeni kwefekthri, iveza ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuziphatha. Izinqubo zokulima ngezilwane zingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuhlupheka ezilwaneni, ngisho nasezikhungweni eziphethwe kahle. Nakuba abanye betusa izindlela zokulima ezinobuntu, izinqubo eziningi ezinjalo azilona iqiniso ngezinga elikhulu. Isenzo sokuhlaba siphinde siphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha njengoba sifinyeza ukuphila kwezilwane futhi siphuca amathuba esikhathi esizayo okuzijabulisa kwazo. Inyama ekhulisiwe inikeza isisombululo ngokuhlinzeka ngenyama ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha okuza nezindlela zendabuko zokulima.
Kunenselelo yokunqoba “isici esicasulayo” lapho kwethulwa inyama ehlanzekile emphakathini. Ukunengeka kwavela ukuze kusize abantu banqume ukuthi yini ephephile ukuthi bangadliwa, kodwa futhi kuthonywa imikhuba yomphakathi. Izintandokazi zokudla zakha sisebancane futhi ngokuvamile zisekelwe ekudleni esike sachayeka kukho. Kanjalo, ukujwayelana kwabantu nenyama evamile kwenza yamukeleke kakhulu kubo kunenguqulo ekhulisiwe. Omunye umqondo owethulwa ababhali ukusetshenziswa kwevidiyo emikhankasweni yokumaketha ukuze kugqanyiswe izici ezinyanyekayo zokulima kwasefekthri.
Ukunambitheka kwenyama ekhulisiwe nakho kubalulekile njengoba abantu bevame ukukhathalela kakhulu ukuthi yini emnandi kunaleyo yokuziphatha. Ukwengeza, ukuhlobana "kwemvelo" nelithi "okuhle" kudinga ukulungiswa. Ukugqamisa izinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nobungozi be-pathogenic ngaphakathi kokulima kwezilwane kungabhekana nalokhu.
I-athikili ibona ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwenyama ekhulisiwe njengenkinga yesenzo esihlangene. Inkinga yesenzo esiyiqoqo yenzeka lapho intshisekelo yeqembu ihlukile kunentshisekelo yomuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo yomphakathi , kungaba yintshisekelo yomphakathi ukuqala ukudla inyama etshalwe elebhu. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kubathengi ngabanye ukwenza ukuxhumana nempilo yomphakathi futhi baqonde umthelela wezinketho zabo. Kufanele futhi banqobe isici sabo esicasulayo futhi bacabange ngezindleko zangaphandle zemikhuba yabo yokudla. Kunzima ukuthi abantu bashintshe imiqondo yabo bebodwa, kodwa bathonywa kalula abantu ababazungezile nalabo abababukela phezulu. Ababhali balolu cwaningo baphambene nemithetho ephoqayo kodwa baphakamisa ukuthi umbono womphakathi ungase uthonywe ulwazi, ukumaketha, kanye nabantu abanethonya abamukela inyama ekhulisiwe.
Nakuba inyama egayiwe ibhekana nezingozi zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kunzima ukwenza umphakathi unqobe ukunengeka kwawo futhi wenze ukuxhumana phakathi kokukhetha kwabo ngabanye kanye nomphakathi uwonke. Ukuze unqobe ukunengeka, lesi sihloko siphakamisa ukuthi abathengi bajwayele ukuphepha kwenyama ehlanzekile kanye nezinkinga zokukhiqiza inyama yesintu. Baphakamisa ukuthi kulula futhi ukuthonya umphakathi ukuthi udle inyama etshalwe elebhu ngokumaketha kanye nokushintshwa kwezinkambiso zomphakathi, kunokuzama ukuthonya abathengi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
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