Isingeniso
Emkhakheni obanzi wezolimo zamanzi zesimanje, lapho izilwandle zihlangana khona nezimboni, iqiniso eliphazamisayo licashe ngaphansi: ubukhona obuminyene nobuvinjiwe bezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywe. Njengoba isintu siya ngokuya sithembela ekulimeni kwezilwane zasemanzini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo saso esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle, imithelela yesimilo nemvelo yale mboni iye yagxila kakhulu.
Kule ndatshana, sihlolisisa izinselelo ezihlukene ezibhekene nezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywayo, sihlola ubunzima obungokomzimba nobungokwengqondo bokuba khona kwazo okuminyene. Sihlola imithelela yempilo yabo nokuphila kahle, ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuvela ekuphathweni kwabo njengempahla, kanye nemiphumela ebanzi yendawo ezungezile eguquguquka phakathi kwe-ecosystem. Ngalokhu kuhlola, sibhekana nesidingo esiphuthumayo soshintsho embonini yezasemanzini, simela izinqubo ezibeka eqhulwini inhlalakahle yezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywayo kanye nokusimama kokutholakala kwethu kokudla kwasolwandle.
Yingakho amapulazi ezinhlanzi afana namapulazi embonini
Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamapulazi ezinhlanzi namafekthri kuyamangaza, kuveza ukufana okuningi mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane, umthelela wendawo, kanye nezindaba zobulungisa bezenhlalakahle. Nakhu ukuthi kungani amapulazi ezinhlanzi afana nozakwabo basezweni:
- Emapulazini Ezinhlanzi, Izilwane Zihlupheka Kakhulu
- Izinhlanzi Zigcwele Izinkulungwane Ezingamashumi Emapulazini
- Amapulazi Ezinhlanzi Amakhulu Ayizindawo Zokuzalela Amagciwane
- Amapulazi Ezinhlanzi Angcolisa Futhi Alimaza Imvelo
- Ukufuywa Kwezinhlanzi Kusiza Imiphakathi Enganakekile
Ngenxa yalokhu kufana, kuyacaca ukuthi amapulazi ezinhlanzi anezinkathazo eziningi zezimiso zokuziphatha, ezemvelo, nezobulungiswa bezenhlalo ezihlobene nezinqubo zokulima zasefekthri.
Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezimpintshana
Ezindaweni zokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, izilwane zasolwandle ezinjengezinhlanzi, izimfanzi, nama-mollusk zivame ukukhuliswa ezindaweni eziminyene, ezifana nezindawo zasemadolobheni eziminyene. Lezi zindawo ezivalekile zikhawulela ukunyakaza kwazo kanye nokuziphatha kwemvelo, zibancisha inkululeko yokuzulazula nokuhlola indawo ezizungezile. Izinhlanzi, isibonelo, zivame ukugcinwa emakhejini anetha noma amathangi lapho zinendawo encane yokubhukuda ngokukhululekile, okuholela ekucindezelekeni, ukuwohloka kwemisipha, kanye nokungenwa kalula yizifo.
Imithelela Empilweni Yomzimba
Izimo eziminyene ezikhungweni zezilwane zasemanzini zinomthelela ezindabeni zezempilo ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwezidalwa zasolwandle ezifuywayo. Isikhala esilinganiselwe sibhebhethekisa ukuncintisana ngezinsiza ezifana nokudla nomoya-mpilo, okuholela ekukhuleni okunciphile kanye nokungondleki. Ukwengeza, ukunqwabelana kwemikhiqizo kadoti emathangini aminyene kungadala izindawo ezinobuthi, kubeke engcupheni amasosha omzimba ezilwane futhi kukhuphule izinga lokufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwesitoko kwenza kube lula ukusabalala kwezimuncagazi kanye namagciwane, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-antibiotics namanye amakhemikhali, kuphinde kubeke engozini impilo yezilwane neyomuntu.
Ukucindezeleka Ngokwengqondo
Ngaphandle kwezingqinamba ezingokomzimba, ukuvalelwa izidalwa zasolwandle ezifuywayo nakho kudala ukucindezeleka ngokwengqondo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nama-crustaceans zinenhlalo ephezulu futhi zinamakhono okuqonda ayinkimbinkimbi , nokho ziphoqeleka ukuthi zihlale zodwa noma ngamaqembu amakhulu ngokungekhona ngokwemvelo angenazo izigaba zomphakathi. Lokhu kuntuleka kokusebenzelana komphakathi nokunothiswa kwemvelo kuholela esithukuthelweni, ekukhathazekeni, nasekuziphatheni okungavamile okufana nemibono engaqondile, lapho izilwane ziphindaphinda izenzo ezingenangqondo njengendlela yokubhekana nazo.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha
Imithelela yesimilo yokuvalela izilwane zasolwandle ezinhlelweni ze-aquaculture ijulile. Lezi zilwane, naphezu kokukwazi kwazo ukuzwa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, zivame ukuphathwa njengempahla nje, ezaziswa kuphela ngokubaluleka kwazo kwezomnotho. Ukunganakwa kwenhlalakahle yabo kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nezibopho zethu zokuziphatha ezidalweni ezinemizwa futhi kubekela inselele umbono wokukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme. Njengoba abathengi beya ngokuya beqaphela lezi zinkinga, kunengcindezi ekhulayo embonini yezilwane zasemanzini ukuba isebenzise imikhuba yobuntu futhi ibeke phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
Imithelela yezemvelo yezinhlelo eziminyene ze-aquaculture idlulela ngalé kwemingcele yezindawo ngokwazo. Ukubalekela kwezilwane ezifuywayo ziye endle kungaphazamisa imvelo futhi kufake engcupheni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuncintisana, ukuzidla, nokudluliselwa kwezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics namakhemikhali ekusebenzeni kwezilwane zasemanzini kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi kanye nokuvela kwamagciwane amelana nemithi, okuqhubeka kubeka engcupheni impilo yemvelo.
Izinhlanzi Zizwa Ubuhlungu
Ngokuqinisekile, ubufakazi obusekela umbono wokuthi izinhlanzi zizwa ubuhlungu buyaphoqa futhi buhlukahlukene. Ucwaningo olwenziwa amashumi eminyaka ambalwa luye lwanikeza ukukhanya ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinzwa nezinzwa zezinhlanzi, lwembula ukufana kwezilwane ezincelisayo nabantu. Nazi ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zobufakazi:
- Ukufana Kwemizwa : Izinhlanzi zineziphetho zezinzwa ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-nociceptors, ezithola izinto ezingase zibe yingozi njengokushisa, ukucindezela, namakhemikhali. Lawa ma-nociceptors axhunywe kumgogodla kanye nobuchopho, okuvumela izinhlanzi ukuba zibone futhi ziphendule ebuhlungu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bezinhlanzi buqukethe izakhiwo ezifanayo nalabo abathintekayo ekucubunguleni ubuhlungu ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, okuphakamisa ukuthi zinamandla okuzwa ubuhlungu ngendlela efana nezilwane ezinomgogodla eziphakeme.
- Izimpendulo Zokuziphatha : Ukubhekwa kokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ekuphenduleni izisusa eziyingozi kunikeza ubufakazi obuqand' ikhanda bekhono labo lokubona ubuhlungu. Lapho ibhekene nezisusa ezibuhlungu, njengokuchayeka kumakhemikhali ane-asidi noma ayingozi, izinhlanzi zibonisa ukuziphatha okubonisa ukucindezeleka, okuhlanganisa ukubhukuda okungenangqondo, ukuphefumula okwengeziwe, nemizamo yokubaleka. Ukwengeza, izinhlanzi ziye zabhekwa ukuze zigweme izindawo lapho zizwe khona ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, zibonisa ukuziphatha okuphambene nalokho okubonwa kwezinye izilwane.
- Izimpendulo Zemvelo : Izinguquko zomzimba ezihambisana nokuchayeka ezisusa ezibuhlungu ziqhubeka zisekela impikiswano yokuthi inhlanzi izwa ubuhlungu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukwanda kwama-hormone okucindezeleka njenge-cortisol ezinhlanzi ezingaphansi kwe-stimuli eyingozi, okubonisa impendulo yokucindezeleka ngokomzimba okuhambisana nolwazi lobuhlungu nokucindezeleka.
- Izimpendulo Ze-analgesic : Njengasezilwaneni ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi zibonisa izimpendulo ezidakamizwa ze-analgesic ezidambisa ubuhlungu. Ukuphathwa kwezinto ezidambisa ubuhlungu, njenge-morphine noma i-lidocaine, kutholakale ukunciphisa izimpendulo ze-nociceptive futhi kunciphise ukuziphatha okuhlobene nokucindezeleka ezinhlanzini, okunikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi bakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu.
- Umbono Wokuziphendukela Kwemvelo : Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ikhono lokubona ubuhlungu linikeza izinzuzo eziguquguqukayo, lisebenza njengendlela yesixwayiso yokugwema ukulimala okungase kube khona nokukhuthaza ukusinda. Uma kubhekwa inzalo ehlanganyelwe yezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ziye zashintsha izindlela ezifanayo zokubona ubuhlungu nokuphendula.
Ngenxa yalobu bufakazi, umbono wokuthi izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu wamukelwa kabanzi phakathi kososayensi nochwepheshe benhlalakahle yezilwane. Ukuvuma ikhono lezinhlanzi zokuhlupheka kukhuthaza ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kwazo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-aquaculture, ukudoba ukuzijabulisa, nocwaningo lwesayensi. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu ukuqonda kwezinhlanzi kanye nenhlalakahle iqhubeka nokuvela, kufanele futhi isimo sethu sengqondo nemikhuba mayelana nalezi zidalwa ezinemizwa.
Isiphetho
Usizi lwezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywayo ezisesimweni esiminyene futhi ezivalekile sigcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza izinguquko embonini yezokulima emanzini. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane , ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwesitoko, kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokulima yemvelo eyengeziwe ibalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlupheka okubekezelelwa yilezi zidalwa ezinemizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqugquzela ukubonakala obala okukhulu nokuqwashisa kwabathengi kungaqhuba isidingo sokudla kwasolwandle okukhiqizwe ngendlela efanele futhi kukhuthaze izinguquko embonini yonkana eziya ezindleleni ezisimeme kakhulu nezinozwelo zokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini. Kuphela ngokubeka eqhulwini inhlalakahle yezilwane zasolwandle ezifuywayo lapho singakwazi ukuzuza ngempela imboni yezilwane zasolwandle ekwazi ukusimamisa imvelo futhi enesibopho sokuziphatha.
