Ukufuywa kwezinkomo, okuyisisekelo semboni yezolimo yomhlaba wonke, kunesibopho sokukhiqiza inani elikhulu lenyama, ubisi, nemikhiqizo yesikhumba esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhakha obonakala ubalulekile unohlangothi olumnyama oluthinta kakhulu imvelo. Unyaka ngamunye, abantu badla isamba esimangalisayo esingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-70 enyama yenkomo kanye namathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-174 obisi, okudinga imisebenzi ebanzi yokufuywa kwezinkomo. Le misebenzi, ngenkathi ihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu senyama yenkomo nobisi, inomthelela ekonakaleni okukhulu kwemvelo.
Inani lemvelo lokufuywa kwezinkomo liqala ngobuningi bokusetshenziswa komhlaba okunikezelwe ekukhiqizeni inyama yenkomo, okubalelwa cishe amaphesenti angama-25 okusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokuguqulwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Imakethe yenyama yenkomo yomhlaba wonke, enenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama- $446 ngonyaka, kanye nemakethe yobisi enkulu nakakhulu, igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kwale mboni. Njengoba kunezinkomo eziphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-930 nezingaphezulu kwesigidigidi emhlabeni wonke, umkhondo wemvelo wokufuywa kwezinkomo mkhulu kakhulu.
I-United States ihamba phambili emhlabeni ekukhiqizweni kwenyama yenkomo, ilandelwa eduze yiBrazil, futhi ikleliswe njengomthumeli wesithathu ngobukhulu wenyama yenkomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yenkomo yaseMelika iyodwa kufinyelela cishe kumakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yemvelo yokufuya izinkomo idlulela ngale kwemingcele yanoma yiliphi izwe elilodwa.
Ukusuka ekungcoleni komoya kanye namanzi kuya ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, umthelela wemvelo wokufuywa kwezinkomo uqondile futhi ufinyelela kude. Ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwamapulazi ezinkomo kukhipha amanani abalulekile amagesi abamba ukushisa, okuhlanganisa imethane evela ku-cow burps, farts, kanye nomquba, kanye ne-nitrous oxide evela kumanyolo. Lokhu kukhishwa kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okwenza ukufuywa kwezinkomo kube omunye wemithombo emikhulu yezolimo yamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kungenye indaba ebucayi, njengoba umquba nolunye udoti lungcolisa imizila yamanzi ngokugeleza kwezakhi kanye nomthombo ukungcola. Ukuguguleka komhlabathi, okubhebhethekiswa ukuklaba ngokweqile kanye nomthelela obonakalayo wezinselo zezinkomo, kwehlisa isithunzi umhlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza kwezakhi.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuqhutshwa isidingo sokugawula amadlelo ezinkomo, kuhlanganisa lezi zinkinga zemvelo. Ukususwa kwamahlathi akugcini nje ngokukhipha i-carbon dioxide emkhathini kodwa futhi kuqeda izihlahla ebezingase zithathe ikhabhoni. Lo mthelela ombaxambili wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukhuphula kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi unomthelela ekulahlekeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okusongela inqwaba yezilwane ngokushabalala.
kuyilapho ukufuywa kwezinkomo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekondleni inani labantu emhlabeni wonke, Izindleko zakho zemvelo ziyamangaza. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile ezenzweni ezisetshenziswayo nasezinkambisweni zokulima, umonakalo emhlabeni wethu uzoqhubeka nokudlondlobala. Lesi sihloko sidingida izindlela ezehlukene ukufuywa kwezinkomo okulimaza ngayo imvelo futhi sihlola izixazululo ezingaba khona ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wako.
Unyaka ngamunye, abantu badla amathani ayizigidi ezingu-70 enyama yenkomo kanye namathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-174 obisi . Leyo yinyama eningi kanye nobisi, futhi ukuyikhiqiza kudinga amapulazi amaningi ezinkomo. Ngeshwa, ukufuywa kwezinkomo kuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwemvelo , futhi lungekho ushintsho olukhulu emikhubeni yethu yokudla, luzoqhubeka lwenza kanjalo.
Izinkomo zifuywa kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama nobisi, nakuba amapulazi amaningi ezinkomo nawo akhiqiza isikhumba. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zezinkomo zihlukaniswa njengabakhiqizi bobisi noma abakhiqizi benyama yenkomo, kukhona futhi "izinhlobo ezinezinhloso ezimbili" ezifanele noma yikuphi , kanti amanye amapulazi ezinkomo akhiqiza kokubili inyama yenkomo kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi .
Ake sibheke ukuthi kungani ukufuya izinkomo kungalungile emvelweni , nokuthi yini engenziwa ngakho.
Ukubheka Ngokushesha Imboni Yokufuya Izinkomo
Ukufuya izinkomo kuyibhizinisi elikhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angu-25 okusetshenziswa komhlaba emhlabeni wonke, namaphesenti angu-25 okuguqulwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, aqhutshwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo . Imakethe yenyama yenkomo yomhlaba wonke ibiza cishe amabhiliyoni angama-446 ngonyaka, futhi imakethe yobisi yomhlaba wonke ibiza cishe kabili lokho. Kunoma imuphi unyaka, kunezinkomo eziphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-930 nezingaphezudlwana kwebhiliyoni eyodwa emhlabeni wonke .
I-US ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wenyama yenkomo, kanti iBrazil ngomzuzwana nje, kanti i-US iphinde ibe isithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni wonke ngokuthengisa inyama yenkomo. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama yenkomo yase-US nakho kuphezulu: Abantu baseMelika badla cishe amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 wenyama yenkomo njalo ngonyaka .
Ukufuya Izinkomo Kuyilimaza Kanjani Imvelo?
Ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwamapulazi ezinkomo kunemiphumela elimazayo yemvelo emoyeni, emanzini nasenhlabathini. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu yi -biology yezinkomo nendlela ezigaya ngayo ukudla , kanye nezindlela abalimi ababhekana ngayo nokulahlwa kanye nendle yezinkomo zabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amapulazi ezinkomo anomthelela omkhulu emvelweni ngaphambi kokuthi kwakhiwe, ngenxa yobuningi bamahlathi acekeleke phansi ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yawo. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezibalo, njengoba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuqhutshwa izinkomo kunomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo ngokwakho, kodwa ake siqale ngokubheka imiphumela eqondile yokusebenza kwamapulazi ezinkomo.
Ukungcoliswa Komoya Okubangelwa Ngokuqondile Ukufuya Izinkomo
Amapulazi ezinkomo akhipha inqwaba yamagesi abamba ukushisa ahlukahlukene ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Amabhubhu, ama-fart kanye nendle yezinkomo konke kuqukethe i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla ; inkomo eyodwa ikhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-82 omquba nsuku zonke futhi kufika kumakhilogremu angu-264 e-methane minyaka yonke. Umanyolo nomhlabathi osetshenziswa emapulazini ezinkomo ukhipha i-nitrous oxide, kanti ubulongwe bezinkomo buqukethe i-methane, i-nitrous oxide ne-carbon dioxide - “izinto ezintathu ezinkulu” zezisi ezibamba ukushisa.
Uma kubhekwa konke lokhu, cishe akumangazi ukuthi izinkomo zikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa kakhulu minyaka yonke kunanoma iyiphi enye impahla yezolimo.
Ukunukubezeka Kwamanzi Okubangelwa Ngokuqondile Ukufuya Izinkomo
Ukufuya izinkomo nakho kuwumthombo omkhulu wokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ngenxa yobuthi obuqukethwe emqubeni nokunye okulahlwayo okuvamile. Isibonelo, amapulazi ezinkomo amaningi asebenzisa umquba wezinkomo zawo njengomanyolo ongalungiswanga . Ngaphezu kwamagesi abamba ukushisa okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, ubulongwe bezinkomo bubuye buqukethe amagciwane, ama-phosphates, i-ammonia nokunye ukungcola . Lapho umanyolo noma inhlabathi evundisiwe ingena emanzini aseduze - futhi ivame ukwenza - kanjalo nalezo zinto ezingcolisayo.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugeleza kwezakhi, noma ukusabalalisa ukungcoliswa komthombo, futhi kwenzeka lapho imvula, umoya noma ezinye izakhi zithwala inhlabathi emanzini zingaqondile. Emhlabeni jikelele, izinkomo zikhiqiza ukugeleza kwezakhi eziningi kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi okulandelayo kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zemfuyo. Ukugeleza komsoco kuhlobene eduze nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, esizoxoxa ngakho ngezansi.
Ukungcoliswa komthombo wamaphuzu, ngokuphambene, kulapho ipulazi, imboni noma enye inhlangano ilahla ngokuqondile imfucuza emanzini. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuvamile nasemapulazini ezinkomo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-25 okungcola kwemithombo yamaphuzu emifuleni yeplanethi avela emapulazini ezinkomo.
Ukuguguleka Kwenhlabathi Okubangelwa Ngokuqondile Ukufuya Izinkomo
Umhlabathi uwumthombo wemvelo obalulekile owenza konke ukudla kwabantu - okusekelwe ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ngokufanayo - kwenzeke. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi yilokho okwenzekayo lapho umoya, amanzi noma amanye amandla ekhipha izinhlayiya zenhlabathi engaphezulu futhi aziphephule noma azikhukhule, ngaleyo ndlela kuncipha izinga lenhlabathi. Uma umhlabathi uguguleka, kuba lula kakhulu ukugeleza kwezakhi osekushiwo ngenhla.
Nakuba izinga lokuguguleka kwenhlabathi lingokwemvelo , liye lasheshiswa kakhulu imisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi ukulima imfuyo. Esinye isizathu salokhu ukuklaba ngokweqile; ngokuvamile, amadlelo emapulazini ezinkomo awanikezwa isikhathi sokuvuka ngemva kokudliswa kakhulu kwezinkomo, okuzothi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuguguleke inhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinselo zezinkomo zingaguguleka inhlabathi , ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkomo eziningi endaweni eyodwa.
Kunendlela yesithathu lapho amapulazi ezinkomo afaka isandla ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi esizoxoxa ngayo ngezansi, njengoba ukufuywa kwezinkomo kuhlangene nokwenzeka okukhulu kakhulu kokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukuthi Ukugawulwa Kwamahlathi Kwenza Kanjani Ukufuywa Kwezinkomo Kubi Ezemvelo
Yonke le mithelela eqondile yemvelo yokufuywa kwezinkomo mibi ngokwenele, kodwa kufanele futhi sicabangele wonke umonakalo wemvelo owenza ukuba kube khona amapulazi ezinkomo kwasekuqaleni.
Ukukhiqiza inyama yenkomo kudinga umhlaba omningi - cishe amaphesenti angama-60 awo wonke umhlaba wokulima emhlabeni, ukunemba. Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo emhlabeni wonke kuye kwaphindeka kabili kusukela ngawo-1960, futhi lokhu kuye kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngomkhuba obhubhisayo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi yilapho indawo enamahlathi igawulwa unomphela futhi iphinde isetshenziselwe enye injongo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 okugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke kwenziwa ukuze kunwetshwe ezolimo, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo ikakhulukazi kuyimbangela enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni ngenani elikhulu. Phakathi kuka-2001 no-2015, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-45 zamahektha omhlaba onamahlathi agawuliwe futhi aguqulwa abe amadlelo ezinkomo - umhlaba ophindwe kahlanu kunomunye umkhiqizo wezolimo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, la madlelo ezinkomo azilimaza wona ngokwawo, kodwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenza ukwakhiwa kwala mapulazi kubi nakakhulu.
Ukungcoliswa Komoya Okubangelwa Ukugawulwa Kwamahlathi
Enhliziyweni yayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuwukususwa kwezihlahla, futhi ukususa izihlahla kwandisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngokulula nje, izihlahla zithatha ikhabhoni emkhathini futhi ziyigcine emagxolweni azo, emagatsheni nasezimpandeni. Lokhu kuwenza abe ithuluzi eliyigugu (futhi mahhala!) lokunciphisa amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke - kodwa lapho enqanyuliwe, yonke leyo carbon dioxide ibuyiselwa emkhathini.
Kodwa umonakalo awugcini lapho. Ukungabikho kwezihlahla ezindaweni ezazinamahlathi ngaphambili kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi i-carbon dioxide esemkhathini ebingathathwa izihlahla isala emoyeni esikhundleni salokho.
Umphumela uba ukuthi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubangela kokubili ukukhuphuka kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi esisodwa, lapho izihlahla zigawulwa ekuqaleni, kanye nokwanda okungapheli, okuqhubekayo kokungcoliswa komoya, ngenxa yokungabikho kwezihlahla.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 ezinto ezingcolisa umoya emhlabeni wonke abangelwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezishisayo, okuyilapho kugawulwa khona amaphesenti angu-95. Isimo sibi kangangokuthi ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, ngokujwayelekile eliye laba omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthathwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuleplanethi, lisengozini yokuba esikhundleni salokho libe “umgodi we-carbon” okhipha ikhabhoni eningi kunaleyo eliyigcinayo.
Ukulahleka Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo Ngenxa Yokugawulwa Kwamahlathi
Omunye umphumela wokususwa kwamahlathi ukufa kwezilwane, izitshalo nezinambuzane ezihlala kulelo hlathi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi kuwusongo ezilwaneni nakubantu ngokufanayo.
Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon lilodwa linezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu zezinhlobo ezahlukene , okuhlanganisa nezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezitholakala kuphela e-Amazon. Nokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubangela ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane okungenani ezingu-135 nsuku zonke , futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi e- Amazon kusongela ukuqothula ezinye izinhlobo ezingu-10 000 , kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaba ngu-2 800.
Siphila phakathi kokushabalala okukhulu, okuyinkathi yesikhathi lapho izinhlobo zezilwane zifa khona ngesivinini esikhulu. Phakathi neminyaka engu-500 edlule, zonke izinhlobo zohlobo ziye zashabalala ngokushesha izikhathi ezingu-35 kunesilinganiso esingokomlando, okuyisilinganiso ososayensi bentuthuko abasibiza ngokuthi “ukucwiywa kwesihlahla sokuphila.” Iplanethi iye yashabalala abantu abaningi izikhathi ezinhlanu esikhathini esidlule, kodwa lena ngeyokuqala ebangelwa ngokuyinhloko izinto ezenziwa abantu.
Izimiso zemvelo eziningi ezixhumene zomhlaba yizona ezenza ukuphila kule planethi kube nokwenzeka, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuphazamisa lokhu kulinganisa okubucayi.
Ukuguguleka Kwenhlabathi Ngenxa Yokugawulwa Kwamahlathi
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amapulazi ezinkomo avame ukuguguleka inhlabathi ngenxa nje yemisebenzi yawo yansuku zonke. Kodwa lapho amapulazi ezinkomo akhiwe endaweni egawuliwe, umphumela ungaba mubi kakhulu.
Lapho amahlathi eguqulwa abe amadlelo okuklaba, njengoba kwenzeka lapho amapulazi ezinkomo akhiwa endaweni egawuliwe, izimila ezintsha ngokuvamile azibambeli emhlabathini ngokuqinile njengoba kwenza izihlahla. Lokhu kuholela ekugugulekeni okungaphezulu - futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okwengeziwe okuvela ekugelezeni kwezakhi.
Umugqa Ophansi
Ngokuqinisekile, ukufuya izinkomo akulona kuphela uhlobo lwezolimo olubiza izindleko eziphakeme zemvelo, njengoba cishe zonke izinhlobo zokulima kwezilwane zinzima emvelweni . Izindlela zokulima kula mapulazi zingcolisa amanzi, ziguguleka inhlabathi kanye nomoya ongcolisayo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okwenza lawa mapulazi kwenzeke kunayo yonke leyo miphumela futhi— kuyilapho kubulala inqwaba yezilwane, izitshalo nezinambuzane.
Inani lenyama yenkomo nelobisi elidliwa abantu alinakusimama. Inani labantu emhlabeni liyakhula njengoba amahlathi omhlaba encipha, futhi ngaphandle kokuba senze ushintsho olungathi sína emikhubeni yethu yokudla, ekugcineni ngeke esaba khona amahlathi ukuze agawulwe.
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