Ukukhokhwa kwemvelo

Isimo sezulu, ukungcola, kanye nezinsizakusebenza

Ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe, amapulazi efektri athola izigidigidi zezilwane ekuhluphekeni okukhulu ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo senyama eshibhile, ubisi namaqanda. Kepha ukulimala akuyeki lapho - ezolimo zezilwane zezimboni kubuye kushintshe ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kungcolisa amanzi asemqoka.

Manje kunanini ngaphambili, lolu hlelo kumele lushintshe.

Okweplanethi

Ezolimo Ezolimo Zomshayeli omkhulu wokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukushoda kwamanzi, kanye nokuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa. Ukuguqukela ekubhekeni ezinhlelweni ezisuselwa kwizitshalo kubalulekile ukuvikela amahlathi ethu, ukonga izinsizakusebenza, nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ikusasa elingcono leplanethi liqala kumapuleti ethu.

Izindleko Zomhlaba

Ukulima efektri kubhubhisa ibhalansi yeplanethi yethu. Yonke ipuleti yenyama iza ngezindleko ezilimazayo emhlabeni.

Amaqiniso asemqoka:

Izigidi zamahektare amahlathi acekelwa phansi umhlaba odlayo kanye nezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane.
Izinkulungwane zamalitha amanzi zidinga ukukhiqiza ama-1 kg wenyama.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi okuluhlaza okotshani (Methane, i-nitrous oxide) ukusheshisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komhlaba okuholela ekuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuchithwa kohlanga.
Ukungcoliswa kwemifula, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka ekungcoleni kwezilwane namakhemikhali.
Ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala.
Umnikelo ezindlini ezifile olwandle kusuka ekuthwaleni kwezolimo.

Iplanethi enkingeni .

Njalo ngonyaka, kuhlatshwa izilwane zasemhlabeni ezingaba ngu-92 zezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-92 zokuhlangabezana nokufunwa kwenyama, ubisi namaqanda - kanti kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-99% alezi zilwane avalelwa emapulazini asemboni, lapho akhuthazelela khona izimo ezinzima kakhulu nezicindezelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zezimboni zibeka phambili umkhiqizo futhi inzuzo ngokusetshenziswa kwezilwane zenhlalonhle kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.

Ezolimo Zezilwane zibe ngenye yezimboni ezilimaze kakhulu zemvelo emhlabeni. Ibhekele cishe ngo-14,5% we-Global Greenhouse Emissions Emissions - Kakhulu i-methane ne-nitrous oxide, enamandla kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide ngokuya ngamathuba okufudumeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhakha udla inani elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile futhi alimazayo.

Umthelela wezemvelo awuyeki ekuphumeni nasekusetshenzisweni komhlaba. Ngokusho kweZizwe Ezihlangene, ezolimo zezilwane zingumshayeli omkhulu wokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuwohloka komhlaba kanye nokungcola kwamanzi ngenxa yokubanjwa komquba, ukusetshenziswa kwamahlathi - ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinjenge-80% yokuhlanza amahlathi. Lezi zinqubo ziphazamisa izimo zemvelo, zisongela izinhlobo zokusinda, futhi ziyekethise ukuqina kwezindawo zemvelo.

Manje kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni - okuphindwe kabili eminyakeni engama-50 edlule. Izinsizakusebenza zeplanethi yethu sezivele ziyinkinga enkulu, futhi kunabantu bomhlaba wonke abaveze ukufinyelela ezigidini eziyi-10 eminyakeni engama-50 ezayo, ingcindezi ikhula kuphela. Umbuzo uwukuthi: Ngakho-ke ziphi yonke imithombo yethu?

Iplanethi efudumele

Ezolimo Ezolimo Zezilwane zinikela nge-14.5% yokukhishwa kwegesi yomhlaba wonke yomhlaba wonke futhi kungumthombo omkhulu we-methane - igesi enamandla kakhudlwana kune-co₂. Ukulima izilwane ezinamandla kudlala indima enkulu ekusheshiseni ushintsho lwesimo sezulu.

Izinsizakusebenza

Ezolimo Zezilwane zidla amanani aphezulu omhlaba, wamanzi, kanye nama-fossil fuels, abeka ubunzima obukhulu kwimithombo yeplanethi yeplanethi.

Ukungcolisa iplanethi

Ukusuka emqubeni wobumbano obunobuthi kuya ekuphumeni kwe-methane, ukulima kwezilwane zezimboni kungcolisa umoya wethu, amanzi, nenhlabathi.

Amaqiniso

Ghgs

Ezolimo zezilwane zezimboni zikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa okwengeziwe kunokuba wonke umkhakha wezokuhamba womhlaba wonke ohlanganisiwe.

Amalitha ayi-15,000

Amanzi adingekayo ukukhiqiza ikhilogremu elilodwa lenkomo - isibonelo esimnandi sokuthi ezolimo zezilwane zidla kanjani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni.

60%

Ukulahleka kwemvelo yemvelo yemvelo kuxhumene nokukhiqizwa kokudla - ngezolimo zezilwane ezingumshayeli oholayo.

75%

womhlaba wezolimo womhlaba ungakhululwa uma umhlaba wamukela ukudla okusekwe ezitshalweni - ukuvula indawo ngosayizi we-United States, China, kanye ne-European Union ehlanganisiwe.

Inkinga

Umthelela Wokulima Imvelo Kwemvelo

Ukulima ifektri kuqinisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kukhulula amavolumu amakhulu amagesi abamba ukushisa.

Manje sekucacile ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuqhutshwa ngumuntu kungokoqobo futhi kusongela kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ukugwema ukwedlula ukunyuka kwe-2ºC kokushisa komhlaba wonke, amazwe athuthukisiwe kufanele anciphise ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa ngo-205% ngo-2050. Ukulima efektri kungumthelela omkhulu kwizinselelo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Imithombo ehlukahlukene ye-carbon dioxide

Ifektri Farming ikhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa ngazo zonke izigaba zokuhlinzekwa kwayo. Ukuhlanza amahlathi ukukhulisa ukondla kwezilwane noma ukukhulisa imfuyo kungagcini nje ngokuqeda i-carbon ebaluleke kakhulu kodwa futhi kukhululeke ku-carbon okugcinwe emhlabathini nasezimigcawini emkhathini.

Imboni elambile amandla

Imboni enamandla amakhulu, ukulima efektri kudla amanani amakhulu anamandla - ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa okuphakelayo kwezilwane, okubangela cishe ama-75% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele. Konke okunye kusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza, ukukhanyisa, nomoya omncane.

Ngaphezu kwe-co₂

I-Carbon Dioxide akuyona ukuphela kokukhathazeka - Ukulima imfucumfucu nakho kukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-methane ne-nitrous oxide, okuyigesi enamandla amakhulu. Inomthwalo wemfanelo wama-37% we-Global Methane no-65% wokukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide, ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni komquba kanye nomanyolo.

Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu sekuvele kuphazamisela ukulima - futhi izingozi ziyavuka.

Amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo agawula izifunda ezivimba amanzi, avimbele ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi akhulise izilwane kube nzima. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubuye kuthethe izinambuzane, izifo, ukucindezela kokushisa kanye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukusongela ukuphepha kokudla okude.

Ifektri yokulima engokoqobo emhlabeni wemvelo, ukusongela ukusinda kwezilwane eziningi nezitshalo.

I-Ecosystem enempilo ibalulekile ekusindeni komuntu - Ukusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwethu kokudla, imithombo yamanzi, nomoya. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo ezisekela impilo ziyawa, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yemithelela ebanzi yokulima efektri, esheshisa ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo.

Ukuphuma kobuthi

Ukulima efektri kwakha ukungcoliswa kobuthi obunobuthi obucezwana futhi kubhubhise izindawo zemvelo, kulimaze izilwane zasendle. Ukungcola kuvame ukuvuza emigwaqweni yamanzi, kudala "izindawo ezifile" lapho ziphilwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zisinda khona. Ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen, njenge-ammonia, futhi kubangela nokuqina kwamanzi futhi kulimaze ungqimba lwe-ozone.

Ukunwetshwa komhlaba kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo kudabula ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-Global Croplands ikhulisa ukudla kwezilwane, ukucindezela kwezolimo kube yimvelo ebaluleke kakhulu eLatin America nase-Sub-Saharan Africa. Phakathi kuka-1980 no-2000, amapulazi amasha endle ekwakheni amahlandla angama-25 asayizi we-UK, ephethe amahlathi angaphezu kwe-10%. Lokhu kukhula kungenxa yokulima okujulile, hhayi amapulazi amancane. Izingcindezi ezifanayo eYurophu nazo zibangela ukwehla kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane.

Umthelela wokulima efektri ngesimo sezulu kanye nemvelo

Ukulima efektri kwakha ama-14,5% okuphuma kwegesi Greenhouse Greenhouse - ngaphezu kwawo wonke umkhakha wezokuthutha. Lokhu kukhishwa kusheshisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, okwenza izindawo zokuhlala eziningi zingathobeki. Umhlangano wokuhlukahluka kwemvelo uxwayisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuphazamisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusabalalisa izinambuzane nezifo, okwandayo ukucindezela kokushisa, ukuguqula imvula, nokudala ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi ngemimoya enamandla.

Ukulima ifektri kulimaza imvelo ngokukhulula amabutho ahlukahlukene ayingozi angcolisa imvelo yemvelo.

Amapulazi efektri, lapho amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezilwane zigcwele khona kakhulu, zikhiqiza izingqinamba ezahlukahlukene zokungcola ezilimaza izindawo zemvelo kanye nezilwane zasendle ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngo-2006, i-United Nations 'Organisation yezolimo (i-FAO) ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Livestock Farming "Enye yabanikeli ababaluleke kakhulu ezinkingeni zanamuhla ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo."

Izilwane eziningi zilingana nokudla okuningi

Ukulima ifektri kuncike kakhulu okusanhlamvu nasemaprotheni-rich soy kuya ku-Fatten izilwane ngokushesha - indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu kunamadrazi endabuko. Lezi zilimo zivame ukudinga amanani amakhulu wokubulala izinambuzane namanyolo wamakhemikhali, okuningi kwalokho okugcina ukungcolisa imvelo kunokuba kusiza ukukhula.

Izingozi Ezifihliwe Zokugibela Kwezolimo

I-nitrogen eyeqile ne-phosphorus evela kumapulazi efektri ivame ukucima ezinhlelweni zamanzi, ukulimaza impilo yasemanzini futhi kwakha "izindawo ezifile" ezinkulu lapho zimbalwa izinhlobo ezingasinda khona. Ezinye i-nitrogen nazo ziba yi-ammonia igesi, enomthelela ekunciphiseni amanzi kanye nokudangala kwe-ozone. Lokhu kungcola kungasongela ngisho nempilo yabantu ngokungcolisa izinto zethu zamanzi.

I-cocktail of contaminants

Amapulazi efektri awagcini nje ngokukhipha i-nitrogen eyeqile ne-phosphorus - futhi akhiqize ukungcola okulimazayo okufana no-E. Coli, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, kanye nempilo yabantu ngokufanayo.

Ukulima efektri kungasebenzi kahle - kudla izinsiza ezinkulu ngenkathi kuhoxa amanani aphansi ngokuqhathaniswa namandla okudla asebenzayo.

Izinhlelo ezinamandla zokulima izilwane zidla inani elikhulu lamanzi, okusanhlamvu namandla okukhiqiza inyama, ubisi namaqanda. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko eziguqula kahle imikhiqizo yotshani kanye nezolimo ziye ekudleni, ukulima efektri kuncike ekuphathweni kwezinsizakusebenza futhi kuhambisa ukubuyiselwa okuphansi kakhulu ngokuya ngamandla okudla asebenzayo. Lokhu kulingana kugcizelela ukungasebenzi kahle okubucayi enhliziyweni yokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo yezimboni.

Ukuguqulwa kweprotheni okungasebenzi kahle

Izilwane ezilimale efektri zidla amanani amakhulu okuphakelayo, kepha okuningi kwalokhu kufakwa kulahlekile njengamandla okunyakaza, ukushisa, kanye nemetabolism. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqiza ikhilogremu eyodwa nje yenyama kungadinga amakhilogremu ambalwa okuphakelayo, okwenza uhlelo lungasebenzi kahle ekukhiqizeni ama-protein.

Izidingo ezisindayo kwimithombo yezemvelo

Ukulima efektri kudla inani lomhlaba, amanzi namandla amakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kweLivestock kusetshenziswa cishe ama-23% amanzi ezolimo - cishe amalitha ayi-1,150 umuntu ngamunye nsuku zonke. Kuphinde futhi ngomanyolo omkhulu wamandla kanye nama-pesticides, ukuchitha izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ezingasetshenziselwa kangcono ukukhulisa ukudla kahle.

Izinsizakusebenza ze-Peak Resource

Igama elithi "inani eliphakeme" libhekisela ephuzwini lapho okuhlinzekwayo kwezinsizakusebenza ezingezona ezingavuseleleki njengamafutha ne-phosphorus - zombili ezibalulekile efektri yokulima-bese ziqala ukwehla. Yize isikhathi esiqondile singaqinisekile, ekugcineni lezi zinto zokwakha zizoba yindlala. Njengoba zigxile emazweni ambalwa, lokhu kusweleka kubeka izingozi ezinkulu ze-geopolical zeZizwe kuncike ekungeniseni.

Njengoba kuqinisekiswe izifundo zesayensi

I-Factory-Frued Beef engokomfanekiso idinga ukufaka okuphindwe kabili kwamafutha okufakwayo kwamafutha njengenyama ye-nedvere.

I-Pimentel (2004)

Ama-akhawunti okulima amafuyo afuywayo azungeze ama-14,5% okuphuma kwethu komfino emhlabeni.

I-FAO (2013) Inhlangano Yokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe

Kungezwe ukucindezelwa kokushisa, ama-monsoons aguqukayo, futhi inhlabathi yomisha inganciphisa isivuno ngangokuthi okwesithathu ezindaweni ezishisayo ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi, lapho izilimo sezivele ziseduze nokubekezelelana kokushisa kwazo okuphezulu.

Uhlelo lwe- United Nations Environment Programme

Izitayela zamanje ziphakamisa ukuthi ukunwetshwa kwezolimo e-Amazon yamadlelo nezilimo kuzobona ama-40% aleli hlathi lemvula elixegazo, elibuthakathaka elicekelwa ngo-2050.

Imvelo (2006)

Ifektri Farming ifakazela ukusinda kwezinye izilwane nezitshalo, ngemithelela kubandakanya ukungcoliswa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

I-FAO (2006)

Amanye amapulazi amakhulu angakhiqiza imfucumfucu eluhlaza kakhulu kunabantu bomuzi omkhulu wase-US.

Goa (2008) IHHOVISI LOKUTHENGA KAKHULU

Ama-akhawunti okulima ama-Livestock angaphezu kwama-60% okukhishwa kwethu komhlaba we-Amonia.

I-FAO (2006)

Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe i-6kg ye-protein yesitshalo ukukhiqiza i-1kg yamaprotheni ezilwane.

AJCN (2003) Ijenali yaseMelika yokudla komtholampilo

Kuthatha amalitha amanzi angaphezu kuka-15,000 ukukhiqiza ikhilo esele yenkomo. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa namalitha ayi-1,200 nge-kg yommbila no-1800 ngekhilo kakolweni.

I-UNESCO (2010) ENhlangano YezeZizwe Ezemfundo, I-Science and Cultural Organisation

E-US, ukulima okugxile kumakhemikhali kusetshenziswa okulingana nomgqomo ongu-1 wamafutha amandla okukhiqiza i-1 ton yommbila - ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwezilwane.

IBhange Lomhlaba (2008)

Okuphakelayo Kwezinhlanzi

Izinhlanzi ze-carnivorous njenge-salmon nama-prawn zidinga ukondla okucebile ezinhlanzi nasezinhlanzini zamafutha, atholwe enhlanzini enobanjwa yasendle - umkhuba obeka impilo yasolwandle. Yize ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe kusoya zikhona, ukulima kwazo kungalimaza nemvelo.

Ukungcola

Okungabonakali okuphakelayo, imfucumfucu yezinhlanzi, kanye namakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekulimaleni kwezinhlanzi okunzulu kungangcolisa amanzi azungezile kanye nezindawo zasolwandle, ikhwalithi yamanzi eyonakele kanye nokulimaza imvelo yasemanzini eseduze.

Ama-parasites kanye nokusakazeka kwezifo

Izifo kanye nama-parasites enhlanzini epulazi, njengezintwala zasolwandle e-salmon, zingasakazekela enhlanzini yasendle eseduze, zisongela impilo yazo nokusinda.

Ukuphunyuka okunomthelela wezinhlanzi zasendle

Izinhlanzi ezilimazekile eziphunyuka zingenziwa izinhlanzi zasendle, ukukhiqiza inzalo kancane akufanelana nokusinda. Baphinde bancintisane nokudla nezinsizakusebenza, babeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kubantu basendle.

Ukulimala Kwendawo Yendawo

Ukulima izinhlanzi ezijulile kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwemvelo enobuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi lapho izindawo ezisogwini njengamahlathi amaManglove zisulwa i-aquaculture. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ama-Shorelines, ukuhlunga amanzi, nokusekela izinto eziphilayo. Ukususwa kwabo kungalimazi kuphela impilo yasolwandle kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukuqina kwemvelo kwezindawo ezisogwini.

Ukudoba ngokweqile

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukufunwa okukhulayo, kanye nabaphathi abampofu kuholele ekucindezelweni okunamandla okudoba, okwenza ukuba kube nezindawo eziningi zezinhlanzi - njenge-cod, tuna, oshaka nezinhlobo ezijulile zolwandle - ukwehla noma ukuwa.

Ukulimala Kwendawo Yendawo

Igiya elisindayo noma elikhulu lingalimaza imvelo, ikakhulukazi izindlela ezifana nokwenza i-dredging kanye nokugcwala okuphansi okulimazayo phansi kolwandle. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezizwakalayo, njengezindawo ezijulile zamakhorali.

Bycatch yezinhlobo ezisengozini

Izindlela zokudoba zingabamba ngengozi futhi zilimaze izilwane zasendle ezinjenge-albatrosses, oshaka, amahlengethwa, ama-turty, kanye nama-porpoises, ukusongela ukusinda kwalezi zinhlobo ezingozini.

Xazulula

Ukubamba okulahliwe, noma nge-bycatch, kufaka izilwane eziningi ezingezona ezikhohlisayo zasolwandle ezibanjwe ngesikhathi sokudoba. Lezi zidalwa zivame ukungafuneki ngoba zincane kakhulu, zinalo inani lemakethe, noma liwe ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yosayizi wezomthetho. Ngeshwa, iningi liphonswa emuva olwandle olulimele noma olufile. Yize lezi zinhlobo zingase zingabekwa engcupheni, inani eliphakeme lezilwane ezilahliwe lingakhungathekisa ibhalansi yemvelo yasolwandle futhi ilimaze i-Web Web. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokulahla iyanda lapho abadobi befinyelela imingcele yabo yokubamba okusemthethweni futhi kufanele bakhiphe izinhlanzi ezengeziwe, zinomthelela othonya wezempilo olwandle.

Ukuphila ngezwela

Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi enye indlela elula singanciphisa umthelela wethu ongemuhle emvelweni ukushiya izilwane emapuleti ethu.

Njalo ngosuku olulodwa, i-vegan isindisa cishe:

Impilo eyodwa yezilwane

Abangu-4,200 amalitha amanzi

Amamitha ayi-2,8 agqekezwa yihlathi

Uma ungenza lolo shintsho ngosuku olulodwa, cabanga umehluko ongenza ngenyanga, unyaka - noma ngaphezulu kwempilo yonke.

Uzozibophezela ezingaki ukuzokonga?

Ukonakala Kwemvelo

Umthelela Wokudla

Ukulahleka Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene

Ukungcoliswa komoya

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Amanzi Nomhlabathi

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye Nendawo yokuhlala

Ukuchithwa kwezinsiza

Noma hlola ngesigaba esingezansi.

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