Isihluku sezilwane embonini yenyama: Imikhuba eqhutshwa inzuzo, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kanye nomthelela wezemvelo

Isingeniso

Ekufuneni inzuzo, imboni yenyama ivame ukungakunaki ukuhlupheka kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezizihlabayo. Ngemuva kwemikhankaso yokupakishwa nokumaketha ekhazimulayo kulele iqiniso elibuhlungu: ukuxhashazwa okuhleliwe kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwezigidigidi zezidalwa ezinengqondo minyaka yonke. Le ndatshana ihlola inkinga yokuziphatha yokubeka inzuzo phambili kunozwela, ihlola imiphumela yokuziphatha kwezolimo zezilwane ezithuthukile kanye nokuhlupheka okukhulu okubangela izilwane.

Imodeli Eqhutshwa Yinzuzo

Enhliziyweni yemboni yenyama kukhona imodeli eqhutshwa yinzuzo ebeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Izilwane azibhekwa njengezidalwa ezinemizwa ezifanelwe uzwelo, kodwa njengezinto nje ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo yezomnotho. Kusukela emapulazini efektri kuya ezihlahleni, zonke izici zokuphila kwazo zakhiwe ngokucophelela ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo futhi kuncishiswe izindleko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithinta kanjani inhlalakahle yazo.

Ekufuneni inzuzo ephezulu, izilwane zibhekana nezimo ezimbi kanye nokuphathwa. Amapulazi asefektri, abonakala ngezimo ezixinene kakhulu nezingcolile, avalela izilwane ezindlini ezincane noma ezibayeni, ezizincisha inkululeko yokuveza ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Imikhuba evamile efana nokususa isifuba, ukuvala umsila, kanye nokuthena kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, okubangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okungadingekile.

Izindawo zokuxhela, indawo yokugcina yezigidi zezilwane, nazo ziwuphawu lokunganaki okungenangqondo kwemboni ngenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ijubane elingapheli lokukhiqiza alishiyi isikhala sozwelo noma uzwela, njengoba izilwane zicutshungulwa njengezinto nje emgqeni wokuhlanganisa. Naphezu kwemithetho edinga ukuhlatshwa ngobuntu, iqiniso livame ukwehluleka, lapho izilwane zibhekene nokungaphatheki kahle okumangalisayo, ukuphathwa kabi, nokuhlupheka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufa.

Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zenyama Eshibhile

Ukuwohloka Kwemvelo

Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama eshibhile kulimaza kakhulu imvelo, okubangela izinkinga eziningi zemvelo. Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwemvelo okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwenyama ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Amahlathi amaningi ayagawulwa ukuze kuvulwe indawo yokudla amadlelo kanye nokulima izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa imvelo ebuthakathaka kodwa futhi kukhipha inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide emoyeni, okwandisa ushintsho lwesimo sezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamanzi nezinye izinsiza ekukhiqizeni inyama kuyayicindezela imvelo. Ukufuya izilwane kudinga amanzi amaningi okuphuza, ukuhlanza, nokunisela izitshalo zokudla, okubangela ukushoda kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi komanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zokudla kungcolisa inhlabathi kanye nemizila yamanzi, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo zemvelo zasemanzini.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Imboni yenyama inegalelo elikhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, okubangela ingxenye enkulu yokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba . Ukufuya imfuyo kukhiqiza i-methane, igesi enamandla okushisa umhlaba, ngokubilisa ama-enteric kanye nokubola komquba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhambisana nokukhula kwamadlelo kanye nokulima izitshalo zokudla kukhipha i-carbon dioxide egcinwe ezihlahleni, okubangela kakhulu ukufudumala komhlaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni inyama yezimboni, kanye nokuthuthwa nokucubungula imikhiqizo yenyama, kukhulisa kakhulu ukutholakala kwayo kwekhabhoni. Ukuthembela kumafutha emvelo ukuze kuthuthwe futhi kuqandiswe, kuhlanganiswe nokukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezindaweni zokucubungula kanye nasezindaweni zokulahlela, kunegalelo elikhulu emvelweni yemboni futhi kubhebhethekisa ushintsho lwesimo sezulu.

Izingozi Zempilo Yomphakathi

Inyama eshibhile ekhiqizwa ezinhlelweni zezimboni nayo ibeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Izimo ezixineneyo nezingcolile ezivame emapulazini efektri zinikeza izimo ezifanele zokusabalala kwezifo ezifana neSalmonella, i-E. coli, ne-Campylobacter. Imikhiqizo yenyama engcolile ingabangela izifo ezitholakala ekudleni, okuholela ezimpawini ezisukela ekungakhululeki okuncane kwamathumbu kuya ekuguleni okukhulu ngisho nokufa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwezilwane kunegalelo ekuveleni kwamagciwane amelana namagciwane, okubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwezilwane kusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zamagciwane amelana nemithi, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha izifo ezivamile futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuqubuka okusabalele kwezifo ezimelana namagciwane.

Izinkathazo Zokuziphatha

Mhlawumbe isici esikhathaza kakhulu ngenyama eshibhile yimiphumela yokuziphatha yokukhiqizwa kwayo. Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza inyama zezimboni zibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo kunenhlalakahle yezilwane, zibeka izilwane ezimweni eziminyene nezigcwele ngokweqile, ukunqunywa njalo, kanye nemikhuba yokuhlatshwa engenabuntu. Izilwane ezifuywayo ukuze zidle inyama emapulazini efektri zivame ukuvalelwa emakhejini amancane noma ezibayeni ezigcwele abantu, zinqatshelwe ithuba lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo, futhi zihlushwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthwa nokubulawa kwezilwane ezindaweni zezimboni kugcwele unya nobudlova. Izilwane zivame ukuthuthwa amabanga amade ngamaloli agcwele abantu ngaphandle kokuthola ukudla, amanzi, noma ukuphumula, okuholela ekucindezelekeni, ekulimaleni nasekufeni. Ezindaweni zokuhlatshwa, izilwane zenziwa izinqubo ezesabekayo nezibuhlungu, okuhlanganisa ukumangaza, ukuboshwa, nokunqunywa umphimbo, ngokuvamile zibonwa yizinye izilwane, okwandisa ukwesaba kwazo nokucindezeleka.

Izisebenzi Ezikhokhelwa Kancane kanye Nezibonelelo Zezolimo

Ukuthembela ezisebenzini ezihola kancane embonini yokudla kuwumphumela wezici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izingcindezi zemakethe zokugcina amanani okudla ephansi, ukuthunyelwa kwabasebenzi kwamanye amazwe anezindinganiso eziphansi zamaholo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezibeka phambili izinzuzo kunenhlalakahle yabasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, abasebenzi abaningi embonini yokudla balwela ukuthola imali, bavame ukusebenza imisebenzi eminingi noma bathembele osizweni lomphakathi ukuze bangeze imali yabo engenayo.

Esinye sezibonelo ezisobala kakhulu zomsebenzi okhokhelwa kancane futhi oyingozi embonini yokudla sitholakala ezindaweni zokupakisha nokucubungula inyama. Lezi zindawo, eziphakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi kakhulu ezweni, ziqasha abasebenzi abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nabantu abambalwa abasengozini yokuxhashazwa nokuhlukunyezwa. Izisebenzi ezindaweni zokupakisha inyama zivame ukubekezelela amahora amade, umsebenzi onzima womzimba, kanye nokuchayeka ezimweni eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa imishini ebukhali, amazinga aphezulu omsindo, kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali kanye namagciwane.

Izindleko ezifihliwe zenyama eshibhile zidlulela ngale kwentengo yayo, okuhlanganisa ukuwohloka kwemvelo, izingozi zempilo yomphakathi, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuthi siqaphele futhi sibhekane nalezi zindleko ezifihliwe, senze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokudla esikudlayo futhi sikhuthaze uhlelo lokudla oluhlala isikhathi eside nolunesimilo.

Ukusekela ezinye izindlela ezifana namaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni, inyama ekhuliswe emadlelweni, kanye nezolimo eziqhubekayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela yemvelo kanye neyokuziphatha yokukhiqizwa kwenyama ngenkathi kukhuthazwa impilo kanye nenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza izinguquko zenqubomgomo kanye nezindinganiso zemboni ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nempilo yomphakathi kungaqhuba ushintsho oluhlelekile futhi kudale uhlelo lokudla olulinganayo nolunesihawu kubo bonke.

Ekugcineni, ngokuqaphela nokubhekana nezindleko ezifihliwe zenyama eshibhile, singasebenzela ikusasa lapho ukudla kukhiqizwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, enokuziphatha okuhle, nefanele abantu, izilwane kanye nomhlaba.

Isicelo Sobubele Nokuguqulwa

Ngenxa yokuhlupheka okukhulu okubangelwa izilwane embonini yenyama, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sozwelo nokuguqulwa. Abathengi banamandla okushintsha izinto ngokukhetha kwabo ukuthenga, basekele izinkampani kanye nemikhuba ebeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokusimama. Ngokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma imikhiqizo evela emithonjeni yokuziphatha neyobuntu, abantu ngabanye bangathumela umlayezo onamandla embonini wokuthi unya nokuxhashazwa ngeke kubekezelelwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kumele bamise imithetho eqinile kanye nezindlela zokuphoqelela ukuze benze imboni yenyama ibe nesibopho ngemikhuba yayo. Ukucaca nokuqapha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ziphathwa ngesithunzi nenhlonipho kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, kusukela epulazini kuya endaweni yokuhlatshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala imali kwezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza inyama, njengenyama esuselwe ezitshalweni kanye nenyama ekhuliswe elebhu, kunganikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo ezinciphisa ukuhlupheka kwezilwane futhi zinciphise imiphumela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane zendabuko.

Isiphetho

Uma inzuzo idlula uzwela embonini yenyama, umphumela uba uhlelo olwakhelwe ekuxhashazweni, ekuhluphekeni, nasekuwohlokeni kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokubhekana nemiphumela yokuziphatha yokukhetha kwethu ukudla kanye nokuguqulwa okudingakalayo embonini, singalwela ikusasa elinozwelo nelizinzile lezilwane, iplanethi, kanye nathi ngokwethu. Kungokuphonsela inselelo isimo samanje kanye nokukhuthaza ushintsho kuphela lapho singakha khona umhlaba lapho uzwela lunqoba khona inzuzo futhi ukubaluleka kanye nesithunzi sazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kuyaqashelwa futhi kuhlonishwa.