Lapha e-United States, abaphathi bezilwane zasendle sekuyisikhathi eside bebeka ukuzingela nokufuya ezindaweni zomphakathi . Kepha uRobert Long neqembu lakhe eWoodland Park Zoo bahlela isifundo esihlukile. Okuholela ezindleleni zokucwaninga ezingahlaseli, u-Long, usosayensi omkhulu wezokongiwa kwemvelo ozinze e-Seattle, uguqula ucwaningo lwezilwane ezidla inyama ezitholakala kalula njengama-wolverines e-Cascade Mountains. Ngokushintshela ezindleleni ezinciphisa umthelela womuntu, umsebenzi kaLong awugcini nje ngokubeka indinganiso entsha yokubhekwa kwezilwane zasendle kodwa uyingxenye yoshintsho olukhulayo endleleni abacwaningi ababheka ngayo izilwane .
"Kuze kube namuhla, izikhungo eziningi zokuphatha izilwane zasendle nezinhlangano zisahloselwe ukugcina izilwane eziningi ukuze zizingele futhi zidobe futhi zisetshenziswe," kusho uRobert Long, usosayensi omkhulu wezokongiwa kwemvelo eSeattle utshela uSentient. U-Long nethimba lakhe e-Woodland Park Zoo bahlola ama-wolverines e-Cascade Mountains, futhi umsebenzi wabo uhamba phambili ocwaningweni lwezilwane zasendle ezingahlaseli.
Ukuthambekela ezindleleni zocwaningo ezingahlaseli zocwaningo ngezilwane ezidla inyama kwaqala cishe ngo-2008, u-Long utshela u-Sentient, ngesikhathi yena nozakwabo behlela incwadi ekhuluma ngezindlela zenhlolovo ezingahlaseli . “Asizange sisungule lo mkhakha nganoma iyiphi indlela,” uyachaza, kodwa le ncwadi yasebenza njengohlobo lwencwadi yokucwaninga ngezilwane zasendle ngaphandle kwethonya elincane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukubuka Ama-Wolverine Ambalwa, Ukude
Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka abantu bezingela futhi bevalela ama-wolverine, ngezinye izikhathi baze bawafake nobuthi ukuze bavikele imfuyo . Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukwehla kwakujule kakhulu kangangokuthi ososayensi babebabheka njengabangasekho e-Rocky and Cascade Mountains.
Nokho, cishe emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule, ama-wolverine ambalwa aphinde avela, esehlele phansi eziNtabeni ezimangelengele zaseCascade ezivela eCanada. ULong kanye nethimba lakhe lezazi zemvelo yezilwane zasendle bakhombe abesifazane abayisithupha nabesilisa abane sebebonke abakha inani labantu baseNorthern Cascades. Ngokwezilinganiso zoMnyango Wezinhlanzi Nezilwane Zasendle waseWashington, ama-wolverine angaphansi kuka-25 ahlala lapho .
Ithimba le-Woodland Park Zoo lisebenzisa izindlela zocwaningo ezingahlaseli ngokukhethekile ukuze libheke inani labantu abasongelwa, okuhlanganisa namakhamera alandelanayo ahambisana nephunga elimnandi , esikhundleni seziteshi zokuyenga. Manje, bathuthukisa ngisho neresiphi entsha yokuheha iphunga "i-vegan". Futhi imodeli ithimba elakhelwa inani le-wolverine e-Cascades ingaphindaphindwa kwenye indawo, ngisho nangocwaningo ngezinye izilwane zasendle.
Ukusebenzisa I-Scent Lures Kune-Bait
Izicupho zekhamera ziqoqa idatha ebonakalayo kunezilwane , kunciphisa ingcindezi ngezilwane zasendle futhi zehlise izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo-2013, u-Long waqala ukusebenzisana nonjiniyela we-Microsoft ukuze aklame isikhipha iphunga elimelana nobusika abacwaningi abangasisebenzisa esikhundleni se-bait - inyamazane ye-roadkill nemilenze yenkukhu - ukuletha ama-wolverine eduze kwamakhamera afihliwe ukuze abonwe. Ukuhamba ukusuka ekudongeni kuye ekudayiseni iphunga, uLong uthi, kunezinzuzo ezingenakubalwa ngenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo ngokufanayo.
Lapho abacwaningi besebenzisa isiyelo, kufanele bashintshe isilwane esisetshenziselwa ukuheha isihloko socwaningo njalo. “Kuzodingeka uphume okungenani kanye ngenyanga ngomshini weqhwa onama-skis noma izicathulo zeqhwa futhi ugibele kuleso siteshi ukuze ubeke ucezu olusha lwesiyengo lapho,” kusho uLong. “Njalo uma ungena endaweni yokuthwebula izithombe noma kuhlolojikelele, wethula iphunga lomuntu, udala ukuphazamiseka.”
Izinhlobo eziningi ezidla inyama, njengama-coyote, izimpisi nama-wolverine, ziyazwela ephunga lomuntu. Njengoba u-Long echaza, ukuvakashela kwabantu endaweni nakanjani kuvimbele izilwane ukuba zingangeni. Uthi: “Izikhathi ezimbalwa lapho singangena khona endaweni, liyancipha iphunga lomuntu, liyancipha ukuphazamiseka komuntu, maningi amathuba okuba sithole izimpendulo. ezilwaneni.”
Izikhipha iphunga ezisekelwe oketshezini nazo zinciphisa umthelela womuntu ku-ecosystem. Lapho abacwaningi benikeza ukudla okuqinile ukuze bahehe izihloko zocwaningo, lolu shintsho lungaholela ngokungaqondile ama-wolverine nezinye izilwane ezidla inyama ezithakazelayo ukuba zijwayelane naleyo mithombo yokudla enikezwa abantu.
Ukusebenzisa izikhiqizo zephunga noma izinto zokulutha ezisekelwe oketshezini nakho kunciphisa ingozi yokusakazeka kwezifo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo ezingasabalalisa izifo ezifana Nezifo Ezingalapheki Zokumosha . Iziteshi zokudoba zinikeza ithuba elanele lokusabalalisa amagciwane - isiyengo singangcoliswa amagciwane, izilwane zingakwazi ukuthutha isiyengo esithelelekile kanye nemfucumfucu engase ikhule futhi isakazeke kuyo yonke indawo.
Futhi ngokungafani ne-bait edinga ukugcwaliswa, abahlinzeki abaqinile bangakwazi ukumelana nokuthunyelwa unyaka wonke ezindaweni ezikude nezinzima.
"Veganizing" Iphunga Elimnandi
Isikhathi eside nethimba manje basebenzisana nelebhu yesayensi yokudla e-California ukuze baguqule iresiphi yabo yokuheha ibe iphunga elisha lokwenziwa, okufanekisela i-vegan kweyokuqala. Nakuba ama-wolverines awanandaba ukuthi iresiphi iyi-vegan, izinto zokwenziwa zisiza abacwaningi ukuba banciphise ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha okungenzeka babe nakho mayelana nokuthi balukhiphaphi uketshezi oluyenga iphunga.
Inguqulo yasekuqaleni yoketshezi yadluliswa amakhulu eminyaka isuka kubacuphi boboya futhi yenziwa ngamafutha e-beaver castoreum ayi-liquid, i-skunk extract ehlanzekile, uwoyela we-anise kanye ne-mustelid lure noma amafutha ezinhlanzi. Ukuthola lezi zithako kungase kudonse inani lezilwane nezinye izinsiza zemvelo.
Abacwaningi abahlale bazi ukuthi izithako zabo zitholakala kanjani. “Izitolo eziningi ze-trapper azikhangisi noma zimemezele lapho zithola khona [izithako zephunga],” kusho uLong. "Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uyakweseka ukucupha noma cha, sihlala sithemba ukuthi lezo zilwane zabulawa ngokobuntu, kodwa lolo hlobo lolwazi ngokuvamile aluyona into okwabelwana ngayo."
Ukushintshela esixazululweni esibikezelwayo, esitholakala ngokwenziwa abacwaningi abangasithola kalula futhi bakhiqize kabusha kuzosiza abacwaningi baqede okuguquguqukayo okungase kube nemiphumela enodaka futhi kuholele ekutholakaleni okungahlangani, kusho isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izithako ezitholakala kalula futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi bangagwema izinkinga ze-supply chain.
Kusukela ngo-2021, u-Long nethimba lakhe bakhe futhi benza izicupho zephunga ezingaphezu kuka-700 e-zoo futhi bazithengise emaqenjini ocwaningo ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Intermountain West naseCanada. Abacwaningi baqaphela kusenesikhathi ukuthi leli phunga lalingelona nje ukuheha ama-wolverine kodwa ezinye izinhlobo eziningi, njengamabhere, izimpisi, ama-cougars, ama-martens, abadobi, ama-coyote nama-bobcat. Ukwanda kwesidingo sezinto zokuheha iphunga kusho ukwanda kwesidingo samakha atholakala ezilwaneni.
“Izazi eziningi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo cishe azicabangi ngezinhlobo zezilwane zokudla ezidla ukudla okudliwayo, ngakho kuyindlela ehamba phambili,” kusho uLong, owazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi ziyasebenza yini. Uthi: “Angikhohliwe ukuthi izazi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zifuna ukuya entweni ethile ye-vegan ngoba nje iyimifino. “Iningi labo lingabazingeli ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke ipharadigm ethokozisayo.”
Umude, odla imifino, usebenzisa kuphela izindlela zocwaningo ezingavamisile. Noma kunjalo, uyaqonda ukuthi kunokungavumelani ensimini, nezingxabano zokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko ezifana ne- capture-and-collar kanye ne -telemetry yomsakazo , ukutadisha ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyinselele ukuzibona. "Sonke sidweba imigqa yethu ezindaweni ezithile," esho, kodwa ekugcineni, umnyakazo obanzi obheke ezindleleni ezingahlaseli kuwukuthuthuka kwenhlalakahle yezilwane zasendle.
Ama-vegan bait angumbono ophambili, kodwa u-Long uthi inkambiso ebanzi ebheke kumasu angavamisile njengokucupha ikhamera, iyakhula ocwaningweni lwezilwane zasendle. "Sakha izindlela zokwenza ucwaningo olungavamisile ngempumelelo, ngempumelelo nangobuntu," kusho uLong. "Ngicabanga ukuthi yinto, ngethemba, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuhamba noma ngabe udweba kuphi imigqa yakho."
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku-SeintMedia.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono yesisekelo Humane Foundation.
