Izilaha izindawo lapho izilwane zigaywa khona ukuze kutholwe inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Yize abantu abaningi bengazi ngezinqubo ezinemininingwane nezobuchwepheshe ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhungo, kukhona amaqiniso abuhlungu ngemuva kwezigcawu athinta kakhulu izilwane ezihilelekile. Ngaphandle komthwalo ongokomzimba, osobala, izilwane ezilashelwa nazo zibhekana nokucindezeleka okujulile ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, okuvame ukunganakwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo kwezilwane ezindlini zokulashelwa, sihlola ukuthi ukuziphatha kwazo nezimo zengqondo zazo kuthinteka kanjani kanye nemithelela ebanzi enhlalakahleni yezilwane.
Izimo Ngaphakathi Kwezindawo Zokuhlatshwa kanye Nomthelela Wazo Enhlalakahleni Yezilwane
Izimo ezihlala ezilaheni zivame ukuhlukumeza futhi zingenabuntu, zibeka izilwane ochungechungeni lwezenzakalo olubi oluqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba zife ekugcineni. Lezi zinsiza, eziklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza inzuzo, zinesiphithiphithi, ziyaxaka, futhi zilulaza ubuntu, zidala indawo esabekayo yezilwane.
Ukuvalelwa ngokomzimba kanye Nokunyakaza Okukhawulelwe
Lapho zifika, izilwane zifakwa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezincane, ezivalekile lapho zingakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Izinkomo, izingulube, nezinkukhu zivame ukuminyana emakhejini noma ezibayeni ezingakwazi ukuphenduka, ingasaphathwa eyokulala ngokunethezeka. Lezi zimo eziminyene zibuhlungu ngokomzimba, futhi izilwane zizizwa zingenakukwazi ukuzisiza. Kwabaningi, lokhu kuboshwa kuwukuchayeka kwabo kokuqala ekukhathazekeni nasekwesabeni kwendawo yokubulala.
Ngokwesibonelo, izinkomo, eziba zinkulu ngokwemvelo futhi ezidinga indawo yokuzulazula, zibhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu lapho ziminyene ezibayeni, ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambe ngendlela evimbela ukunyakaza kwazo, futhi azikwazi ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungokwemvelo. Izingulube, izilwane ezihlakaniphile kanye nezenhlalakahle, ziphazanyiswa ikakhulukazi ukuhlukaniswa. Izidalwa zomphakathi ngokwemvelo, izingulube ezigcinwa zodwa emabhokisini amancane amahora noma izinsuku ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa zivame ukubonisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukuhamba kancane, ukubhoboza ikhanda, nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo, okuyizimpawu zokukhathazeka okukhulu nokudideka.
Imisindo Enamandla Nokugcwala Kwezinzwa
Ukugcwala kwezinzwa ezilaheni kungenye yezinto ezethusa kakhulu kulezi zindawo. Umsindo omkhulu, oqhubekayo wemishini, izilwane ezeluswayo, nokuklabalasa kwezinye izilwane ezibulawayo kudala umsindo osabekayo. Lo msindo oqhubekayo awukona nje ukuphazamiseka ezilwaneni—uwumthombo wokucindezeleka okukhulu okungokwengqondo. Ukukhala okukhulu kwezilwane ezikanye naye ezisezinhlungwini kunanela kuso sonke isikhungo, kukhulisa ukwesaba nokudideka.
Imisindo emangalisayo iyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinezinzwa eziphakeme zokuzwa, njengezingulube nezinkomo, isistimu yazo yokuzwa izwela kakhulu kunabantu. Le misindo ingabangela ukwethuka, njengoba ihlobanisa nokufa nokuhlupheka. Lo msindo oqhubekayo, kanye nokucindezeleka kokubona ezinye izilwane zinovalo, kubangela isimo sokukhathazeka okukhulu okuhlanganayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Iphunga Elinamandla Nezimo Ezingahlanzekile
Umoya ongaphakathi ezilaheni ugcwele iphunga legazi, indle, nephunga elibi lokufa. Ezilwaneni, lawa maphunga ayizimpawu ezingenakugwemeka zalokho ezikulindele. Iphunga legazi lilodwa lingaba yimbangela enamandla yokucindezeleka, njengoba izilwane zihambisana kakhulu nokuba khona kwegazi, zihlobanisa nokulimala noma ukufa endle. Iphunga lohlobo lwazo lokuhlupheka likhulisa ukwesaba kwazo, lidale isimo sokwesaba izilwane ezingenakuwugwema.
Izimo zokungahlanzeki ezindlini eziningi zokuxhelwa nazo zibhebhethekisa ukucindezeleka kwabo. Ngokushintsha kwezilwane ngokushesha kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuhlatshwa okwenzekayo, inhlanzeko ivame ukunganakwa. Izilwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zime endle yazo, zizungezwe imfucuza, enezela olunye ungqimba lokungakhululeki nokucindezeleka. Ukungcola nokuntuleka kwenhlanzeko kwandisa umuzwa wezilwane wokuba sengozini nokuba zodwa, okwenza okuhlangenwe nakho kwethuse nakakhulu.
Ukuntuleka Kokuphatha Okufanelekile Nokunakekelwa Okunozwelo
Ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuphatha ezinobuntu kujulisa kuphela ukuhlukumeza ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ezilwaneni. Avame ukuqhutshwa, ashaywe, futhi asunduzwe yizisebenzi ezingaphansi kwengcindezi yokususa izilwane eziningi ngokushesha. Izindlela zokuphatha ezinonya nezinonya zikhulisa ukwesaba kwezilwane, zibangele ukwethuka nakakhulu. Izilwane eziningi zihudulwa imilenze yazo noma ziphoqelelwe ezindaweni eziqinile zisebenzisa izinto ezisebenza ngogesi, okubangela ubuhlungu obungokomzimba nokwesaba ngokomzwelo.
Izinkukhu, isibonelo, zisengozini kakhulu kulezi zimo. Inqubo yokubamba ingaba nobudlova, abasebenzi bebabamba ngemilenze yabo ebuthakathaka noma amaphiko, okubangela ukuphuka nokuhlukana. Ukwesaba okukhulu kokuphathwa ngale ndlela kungabangela ukulimala okungokomzwelo kwesikhathi eside, futhi lezi zilwane zivame ukwesaba kakhulu ukuba zingazama ngisho nokubaleka.
Izinqubo ezinganele ezimangazayo nazo zingabangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kwengqondo. Uma isilwane singathukile kahle ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, sihlala sisazi ngesikhathi sobunzima. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isilwane sibhekana nesisindo esigcwele sokuhlukumezeka kwaso ngokomzwelo, kusukela ekwesabeni indawo esizungezile kuya ebuhlungwini bokubulawa. Imiphumela engokwengqondo yalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ijulile, njengoba izilwane azigcini nje ngokulinyazwa ngokomzimba kodwa ziqaphela ngokugcwele isiphetho sazo, okwenza ukuhlupheka kwazo kungabekezeleleki nakakhulu.
Ukuntuleka Kwendawo Engokwemvelo
Mhlawumbe isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlukumezekeni ngokomzwelo izilwane ezibhekana nazo ezilaheni ukungabikho kwendawo engokwemvelo. Endle, izilwane ziyakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezivulekile, ukuxhumana nabantu, nokuziphatha okungokwemvelo okunomthelela enhlalakahleni yazo yengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulahla, zonke lezi zici zemvelo ziyasuswa. Izinkomo, izingulube, nezinkukhu ziphoqeleka ukuba zibekezelele indawo ezisusa isithunzi nomuzwa wokulondeka. Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezishukumisayo zemvelo kanye nokungakwazi ukuveza ukuziphatha okuvamile njengokuklaba, ukuzalanisa, noma ukuhlalisana nabanye kubangela umuzwa wabo wokukhathazeka nokuphelelwa ithemba.
Ukuchayeka njalo ezimweni ezingezona ezemvelo—izibani ezivala amehlo, imisindo ephezulu, ukuphathwa kanzima—kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwekhono lezilwane lokubhekana nesimo. Isimo sabo esingokomzwelo siwohloka ngokushesha, okuphumela ekubeni nomuzwa onamandla wokungakwazi ukuzisiza. Ukungabi bikho kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokunethezeka noma ukuphepha kwenza lezi zindawo zifane namajele ezilwane, lapho ukwesaba nokudideka kubusa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
I-Cumulative Emotional Trauma
Umvuthwandaba walezi zici—ukuboshwa, umsindo, iphunga, ukuphathwa ngonya, nokuntuleka kwanoma iyiphi indawo engokwemvelo—kuholela ekuhlukumezekeni okujulile okungokomzwelo ezilwaneni. Ukwesaba, ukudideka, nokwethuka akuzona izenzakalo zesikhashana; ngokuvamile ziqhubeka, zidala isimo sokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo okungapheli. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izilwane ezingaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo zingaba nemiphumela yengqondo ehlala isikhathi eside, kuhlanganise nesifo sokucindezeleka sangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD). Izimpawu ezifana nokuqapha ngokweqile, ukugwema, nokucindezeleka zivamile ezilwaneni ezibekezelele izimo ezimbi kangaka.
Sengiphetha, izimo ezingaphakathi ezilaheni zingaphezu nje kokuhlupheka ngokomzimba; bakha isihogo esingokwengqondo sezilwane ezihilelekile. Ukuvalelwa ngokweqile, ukushukunyiswa kwezinzwa okweqile, kanye nokuphathwa ngonya kwephula inhlalakahle engokwengqondo nengokomzwelo yezilwane, okuholela ekuhlukumezekeni okuhlala njalo okudlula kakhulu ukulimala kwazo okungokomzimba. Lezi zilwane azibekezeleli ubuhlungu bemizimba yazo kuphela kodwa nobuhlungu bezingqondo zazo, zenza ukuhlupheka ezikuthola emadeleni kube kubi nakakhulu.
Ukwesaba Nokukhathazeka Ezilwaneni
Ukwesaba kungenye yezimpendulo ezisheshayo ezithinta imizwa izilwane ezibhekana nazo ezindaweni zokulashelwa. Imisindo yezinye izilwane ezicindezelekile, ukubona igazi, nendawo ezungezile engajwayelekile konke kunomthelela ekwesabeni okukhulu. Ezilwaneni ezizingelayo njengezinkomo, izingulube, nezinkukhu, ukuba khona kwezilwane ezidla ezinye (abantu noma imishini) kukhulisa lokhu kwesaba. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi izilwane ezilatshweni zibonisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka, njengokuthuthumela, ukuphimisela nokuzama ukubaleka.
Lokhu kwesaba akukhona nje ukusabela kwesikhashana kodwa kungaba nemiphumela engokwengqondo yesikhathi eside. Izilwane ezithola isikhathi eside zokwesaba zingase zibe nezimpawu ezinjengokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka, okuhlanganisa ukuziphatha kokugwema, ukuqapha ngokweqile, kanye nezimpendulo zengcindezi ezingavamile. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zibonisa ukujula kokuhlupheka kwabo ngokwengqondo.
Ukuhlukumezeka Kwengqondo Okuvela Ezimweni Ezingezona Zemvelo
Imvelo engeyona eyemvelo yesilaha iphinde ibe nomthelela ekuhlukumezeni ngokwengqondo kwezilwane. Izilwane zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni ezivaliwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, okuphazamisa ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo. Isibonelo, izingulube ziyizilwane zomphakathi, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlatshwa, zigcinwa zodwa, okuholela ekukhungathekeni, ukukhathazeka, nokuswela umphakathi. Izinkukhu nazo, ziba nokucindezeleka kwengqondo lapho zihlaliswe endaweni egcwele kakhulu, lapho zingakwazi khona ukuzibandakanya emikhubeni yemvelo efana nokuqoba noma ukubhoda.
Ukuncishwa ukuziphatha kwemvelo kuwuhlobo lokulimala kwengqondo ngokwakho. Ukungakwazi ukuhlola, ukusebenzisana nezinye izilwane, noma ngisho nokunyakaza ngokukhululeka kudala indawo yokukhungatheka nokucindezeleka. Lokhu kuvalelwa njalo kuholela emazingeni aphezulu olaka, ingcindezi, nezinye iziyaluyalu zengqondo phakathi kwezilwane.
Iqhaza Lokulangazelela Ekuhluphekeni Ngokomzwelo
Omunye wemithombo ephawulekayo yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ezilwaneni ezilashelwa ukulangazelela ukufa. Nakuba ulwazi olusheshayo lokwesaba ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokuthutha luhlukumeza, ukulindela okuzayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukuzwa izinguquko endaweni yazo futhi zithathe izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi sekuseduze ukuhlatshwa. Lokhu kulindela kungabangela isimo sokucindezeleka okungapheli, njengoba izilwane zilinda isiphetho sazo, ngokuvamile zingazi ukuthi zizobulawa nini noma kanjani.
Ukulindela okungokwengqondo kujulile, njengoba kubeka izilwane esimweni esiqhubekayo sokungaqiniseki nokukhathazeka. Izilwane eziningi zibonisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka, njengokuhamba kancane, ukuphimisela, noma ukuzama ukubaleka, okubonisa ukuqaphela kwazo usongo oluphezu kwazo. Lesi simo sokwesaba asigcini nje ngokuba buhlungu ngokomzwelo kodwa singathinta nenhlalakahle yabo iyonke, okuholela ekwehleni kwamasosha omzimba kanye nokuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo.
Umthelela Wezenzo Ezingenabuntu
Nakuba izindawo zokuxhelwa ngokuyinhloko ziklanywe ngokusebenza kahle engqondweni, umfutho wokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ufika ngezindleko eziqondile zokuphathwa kobuntu. Ijubane elisheshayo lokuhlaba, izinqubo ezimangazayo ezinganele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuphatha ezinolaka kuholela ekwandeni kokuhlupheka okubekezelelwa izilwane. Le mikhuba engenabuntu, ebeka isivinini kanye nenzuzo kuqala kunenhlalakahle yezilwane, ibangela ukuhlukumezeka okungenakucatshangwa okungokwengqondo nengokomzwelo kwezilwane ezihilelekile.
Ukubulala Okusheshayo Nemiphumela Yako
Ezilaheni eziningi, le nqubo ishesha kangangokuthi izilwane ziphathwa kanzima, kunganakwa lutho ngenhlalakahle yazo. Indawo ematasatasa, evame ukuqhutshwa ingcindezi yokuhlaba izilwane eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane, ikhulisa ukucindezeleka nokwesaba kwazo. Izisebenzi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhambisa izilwane ngokushesha, zingase zihlanganyele ezindleleni zokuphatha ezinonya ezimane zikhulise ukwethuka nokudideka kwezilwane. Esikhundleni sesiqondiso esimnene, izilwane zivame ukusunduzwa, ukushaywa, noma ukuhudulwa endaweni, okwandisa ukucindezeleka kwazo. Lesi sivinini esisheshayo asikuvumeli ukwelashwa okuzolile, ngokucophelela okudingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhathazeka nokuvimbela ukuhlukumezeka.
Ijubane okuhlatshwa ngalo liphinde lisho ukuthi izilwane zingase zingazitholi izinqubo ezimangalisayo ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuhlupheka kwazo. Okumangalisayo kuhloselwe ukwenza isilwane siquleke ngaphambi kokuba kuqale inqubo yokubulala, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi zokulahla, izinqubo ezimangalisayo azenziwanga kahle noma zeqiwa ngokuphelele. Uma isilwane singamangele ngendlela efanele, sihlala siqaphela ngokugcwele njengoba sihlatshwa, sazi ngokugcwele indawo yaso kanye nokufa kwaso okusondelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isilwane asigcini nje ngokuba nobuhlungu obungokomzimba bokubulawa kodwa siphinde sibe novalo olujulile ngokomzwelo lokwazi ukuthi kwenzekani. Ukwesaba okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo kungafaniswa nephupho elibi, lapho isilwane sizizwa singenamandla futhi sivaleleke, singakwazi ukubalekela ikusasa laso.
Umthelela ongokwengqondo walokhu kuhlupheka okuqaphelayo mubi. Isilwane sibekezelela ubuhlungu obungokwengqondo hhayi nje bobuhlungu obukhulu bokulimala ngokomzimba kodwa nokuqaphela okumangalisayo kokufa kwaso. Le nhlanganisela yokuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo idala umphumela ojulile, ohlala isikhathi eside ongenakuhlehliswa kalula, ngisho noma isilwane besizosinda ekuhlatshweni.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha kanye Nesidingo Soshintsho
Ngokombono wezimiso zokuziphatha, ukuphathwa kwezilwane ezilaheni kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuziphatha. Imikhuba esabalele yokuvalela, ukuphatha, kanye nokuhlaba izilwane ngaphansi kwezimo ezibangela ukwesaba okukhulu nokuhlupheka kungqubuzana nokuqashelwa okukhulayo kwezilwane njengezidalwa ezinozwela ezikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ukwesaba, nokucindezeleka. Le mikhuba ayigcini nje ngokulimaza kodwa futhi ayinakuzivikela ngokokuziphatha lapho ibhekwa ngozwela nokuzwelana nokuhlupheka kwabanye.
Izilwane, njengabantu abanokubaluleka kwazo kwemvelo, zifanelwe ukuphila ngaphandle kokulimala okungadingekile. Inqubo yokuhlaba, ikakhulukazi uma yenziwa ezindaweni ezibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yabo, ihluke kakhulu nesimiso sokuziphatha sokunciphisa ukulimala. Izimo ezinobudlova nezicindezelayo ngaphakathi kwamadela, lapho izilwane zivame ukwesatshwa kakhulu nobuhlungu obungokomzimba, azikwazi ukuthethelelwa nganoma yisiphi isidingo somuntu noma isifiso senyama noma imikhiqizo yezilwane. Imithelela yokuziphatha yezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezibeka izilwane ekuhlushweni okunjalo inselele izisekelo zokuziphatha zomphakathi othi wazisa ubulungisa nobubele kubo bonke abantu abaphilayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha kudlulela ngalé kokuhlupheka kwezilwane ngokushesha eziladeni. Kubandakanya imiphumela yemvelo nenhlalo yokulima kwezilwane, okuqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wobudlova nokuxhashazwa. Izimboni ezisekelayo ezithembele ekuxhashazweni kwezilwane zinomthelela ngokuqondile ekuqhubekiseni lokhu kuhlupheka. Ukubona amalungelo ezilwane emvelo kanye nokubheka ukuphila kwazo njengebalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zokuziphatha kungase kuholele ekushintsheni emikhubeni eyazisa ukuphila futhi ehloniphe izidingo zazo ezingokomzwelo nezengqondo.
Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhlola kabusha izimiso zamanje ezilawula ukuphathwa kwezilwane ngaphakathi kwemboni yokudla. Lokhu akusiyo nje indaba yokuthuthukisa izimo ngaphakathi kwamadela; kudinga ushintsho oluyisisekelo endleleni umphakathi ozibheka ngayo izilwane nendawo yazo emhlabeni. Isidingo soshintsho sisekelwe ekwazini ukuthi izilwane azizona impahla okufanele zixhashazwe kodwa ziyizidalwa ezinempilo yazo, imizwelo, nezifiso zazo zokuphila zikhululekile ekulimaleni. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kufuna ukuthi sikhuthaze ezinye izinqubo ezihlonipha amalungelo ezilwane, ezinciphisa ukulimala, futhi zikhuthaze umhlaba lapho ukuhlupheka okufakazelwa ezilaheni kungasabekezelelwa noma kungasathethelelwa khona.
