Ukulima kwezilwane sekuyisikhathi eside kuyisici esibalulekile sempucuko yabantu, kunikeza izigidi zabantu ukudla, okokugqoka, nendlela yokuziphilisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezilwane, umthelela wokulima kwezilwane endaweni ezungezile usuyinkinga ekhulayo. Enye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu ubuhlobo phakathi kokulima kwezilwane nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane sikhula, kanjalo nokucindezela kwemithombo yemvelo nokusetshenziswa komhlaba, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi futhi obuvame ukuxabana phakathi kokulima kwezilwane nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Sizohlola izici ezihlukahlukene ezinomthelela kulolu daba, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yemikhuba yokulima ngokujulile, umthelela ezilwaneni zasendle kanye nezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona ezingasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yokulima kwezilwane. Ngokukhanyisela lolu daba olubalulekile, sithemba ukuqwashisa futhi sizibandakanye ezingxoxweni ezizwakalayo mayelana nekusasa lezolimo zezilwane kanye nomthelela wako ezinhlelweni zemvelo ezintekenteke zeplanethi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo udlulela ngalé kwegalelo layo ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kuphinde kube nomthelela omkhulu ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukwandiswa kokulima kwezilwane kuvame ukuholela ekuguqulweni kwezindawo zemvelo zibe izindawo zamadlelo nokondla izitshalo, kuxoshwe izinhlobo zemvelo futhi kuphazamise nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi, umhlaba, nezinsiza zokukhiqiza imfuyo kubhebhethekisa ukucindezeleka kwemvelo, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akuthinti nje kuphela ukulinganisela okuntekenteke kwezimiso zemvelo kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi zesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu nokulondeka kokudla. Ukubhekana nobudlelwano phakathi kokulima kwezilwane nokushabalala kwezilwane kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni izinqubo ezisimeme ezinganciphisa imiphumela emibi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zilondolozele imvelo yethu entekenteke ukuze izuze izizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kwezilwane
Umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi udlula ukugawulwa kwendawo ukuze kudliwe amadlelo. Okunye okubalulekile okubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane. Njengoba isidingo senyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka sikhula, siyanda nesidingo sokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu zezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane ezinjengobhontshisi wesoya nommbila. Lesi sidingo siholela ekuguqulweni kwezindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi zibe amasimu okulima okukodwa, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala ebalulekile yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kwezilwane inde kakhulu, ayigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi indawo yokuhlala kodwa futhi ikhiphela i-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Lo mjikelezo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kubhebhethekisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, okubuye kube nezinsongo ezengeziwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulinganisela okuntekenteke kwezimiso zethu zemvelo.
Ukudoba ngokweqile kuholela ekuncipheni kwezinhlobo zezilwane
Ukudoba ngokweqile kunomthelela omkhulu ekuncipheni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo olwandle lwethu. Ukuphishekela ngokuqhubekayo izinhlanzi nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle ngaphandle kokwenza imikhuba yokudoba esimeme kuholele ekubhujisweni kwenani labantu basolwandle. Lapho izinhlanzi zibanjwa ngesivinini esingaphezu kwalokho ezingazalana ngazo, kuphazamisa ukulingana kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle futhi kubeka izinhlobo zezilwane engozini yokushabalala. Njengoba inani lezinhlanzi ezithile lehla, kuba nemiphumela eguquguqukayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla, okunomthelela kwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezithembele kuzo ukuze ziphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko kungabangela ukuwohloka kwazo zonke izimiso zemvelo, okuqhubekisele phambili ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Imiphumela yokudoba ngokweqile ayigcini nje ngokulimaza izinhlobo ezithintekayo ngokuqondile kodwa futhi iwusongo empilweni nasekuqiniseni amandla olwandle lwethu lulonke.
Ukulima kwezilwane kungena ezindaweni zokuhlala
Ukwanda kokulima kwezilwane kubangela usongo olukhulu ezindaweni zemvelo nezinhlobo ezihlala kuzo. Njengoba isidingo senyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka sikhula, indawo enkulu iyasuswa ukuze kudliwe futhi kukhiqizwe ukudla. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo kuphazamisa ukulingana kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, kuxoshe izinhlobo zemvelo futhi kuziqhubekisela ekuqothulweni. Ukwengeza, ukungcola okukhiqizwa ukulima kwezilwane, njengokugeleza okuphuma ekufuyweni, kuphinde kucekele phansi izindawo zokuhlala, kubeke engcupheni ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi kulimaze izilwane zasemanzini. Ukugxambukela kokulima kwezilwane ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo akugcini nje ngokusongela ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo kodwa kubukela phansi impilo yonke kanye nokuqina kwesimiso semvelo sethu. Ukuze kuncishiswe le mithelela, izindlela ezisimeme zezolimo kanye nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba wethu.
Ukudlelwa kwemfuyo kulimaza imvelo
Umkhuba obanzi wokudlisa imfuyo ubonakale udala umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni. Ukudliswa kwemfuyo okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezithile kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwezimila, okushiya umhlaba usengozini yokuguguleka nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi. Lokhu akuphazamisi nje kuphela ibhalansi yemvelo yezitshalo kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukudla okutholakalayo nendawo yokuhlala yezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyathelwa komhlaba yimfuyo kungase kuminyene inhlabathi, kunciphise ikhono layo lokumunca amanzi futhi kwandise ingozi yokugeleza nokungcoliswa okulandelayo kwemithombo yamanzi eseduze. Le miphumela enqwabelene yokuklama kwemfuyo ibeka engcupheni impilo yonke kanye nokuzinza kwezinhlelo zemvelo.
Ukulima kakhulu kuholela ekungcoleni
Imikhuba yokulima ejulile, ebonakala ngokuminyana kwezitoko eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo okwenziwa kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, kuxhumene kakhulu nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo wamakhemikhali kungabangela ukugeleza kwezakhi, okungena emanzini aseduze, okuholela ekungcoleni kwamanzi kanye ne-eutrophication. Lokhu kucebisa ngokweqile kwezakhi kungabangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, kuqede amazinga omoya-mpilo emanzini kanye nezinhlobo ezisabisayo zasemanzini. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwezibulala-zinambuzane ekulimeni ngokujulile kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezihlosiwe nezingahlosiwe, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuncipha kwezinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezifana ne-pollinator. Ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-methane emfuyweni kanye ne-nitrous oxide kumanyolo, kunengxenye eyengeziwe ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, okwenza kube nezinselele zemvelo emhlabeni wonke.
Yehla kuma-pollinator asendle
Ukwehla kwezithathi zempova zasendle kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo endabeni yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nomthelela wokulima kwezilwane. Ama-Pollinators adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuzinza kwe-ecosystem ngokwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Nokho, imikhuba yokulima ejulile, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, kuye kwaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwenani labantu abathutha impova. Lokhu kulahlekelwa akuthinti nje kuphela impumelelo yokuzala yezitshalo kodwa futhi kunemiphumela efinyelela kude ekukhiqizweni kokudla nokusebenza kwe-ecosystem. Kumele kwenziwe imizamo yokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme ezibeka phambili ukongiwa nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo ezihlala impova, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali, futhi kunikeze izindawo eziphephile zalezi zinhlobo ezibalulekile. Ngokubhekana nokwehla kwezithuthi zempova zasendle, singaba neqhaza ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela kwesimiso sethu semvelo semvelo futhi sivikele ikusasa leplanethi yethu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela engafanele
Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele kwezinsiza kuwukukhathazeka okucindezelayo okwenza kube kubi indaba yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Imisebenzi yabantu, kuhlanganise nokulima kwezilwane, ngokuvamile ihilela ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo ngezinga elishaqisayo, ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Le ndlela engalawuleki ayigcini nje ngokuqeda izinsiza ezibalulekile njengamanzi, umhlabathi, namandla, kodwa futhi iphazamisa izimiso zemvelo ezintekenteke futhi isongela ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Kusukela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ukuze kudliwe imfuyo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi ngokweqile ekulimeni ngokujulile, lezi zenzo zinomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi ekugcineni, nokushabalala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane.
Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siyasiza
Isidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane sidlala indima enkulu ekuqhubekiseni imithelela engemihle yokulima kwezilwane ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Isifiso esikhula njalo senyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo etholakala ezilwaneni siye saholela ekwandeni kwemisebenzi yokulima ezimbonini nezindlela zokukhiqiza eziqinisiwe. Lokhu kwanda kuvame ukuphumela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ziyagezwa ukuze kuvuleke imfuyo eklabile kanye nezitshalo zokudla. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsiza, njengamanzi nokudla, kulezi zindlela zokulima eziqinile kuqhubekisela phambili ubunzima bemvelo futhi kunomthelela ekwehleni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane sidala umjikelezo ongalawuleki oqhubekisela phambili izinsongo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi usheshise izinga lokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezilungile esikhundleni sokulima kwezilwane, njengokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nemikhuba yokulima evuselelayo, ukuze kwehliswe umthelela oyingozi endaweni yethu futhi kuvikelwe izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala.
Sengiphetha, ubufakazi busobala bokuthi ukulima kwezilwane kunendima ebalulekile ekubhubheni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuthi sizifundise futhi senze izinqumo ezinengqondo mayelana nenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi esiyidlayo. Sonke masiziphendulele ngezenzo zethu futhi sisebenzele ikusasa elinobungani nemvelo futhi elinobuntu.
FAQ
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela kanjani ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane?
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokungcola. Ukwandiswa kokufuywa kwemfuyo ngokuvamile kudinga ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu komhlaba kwezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Ukungcoliswa kwemfucumfucu yezilwane, imithi elwa namagciwane, nomanyolo osetshenziswa kwezolimo kungangcolisa imisele yamanzi, kulimaze izilwane zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzingela nokuzingela izilwane ngokungemthetho ukuze uthole inyama noma izitho zazo zomzimba, njengezindlovu ukuze uthole amazinyo endlovu noma oshaka ukuze uthole amaphiko azo, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemboni yemfuyo. Sekukonke, izinqubo kanye nemithelela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane kungasheshisa ukushabalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo eziqondile zezinqubo zokulima kwezilwane eziye zaholela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane?
Ezinye izibonelo eziqondile zezinqubo zokulima kwezilwane ezibe nomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zihlanganisa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ukuze kudliwe imfuyo, nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni kwemikhiqizo yezilwane efana nezinyo lendlovu noma uboya. Ukudoba ngokweqile kuye kwaholela ekuncipheni kwenani lezinhlanzi kanye nokuncipha kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-Atlantic cod ne-bluefin tuna. Ukudlisa imfuyo kuye kwaphumela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwezilwane ezinjengenyathi yaseMelika kanye nengwe yaseTasmanian. Ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kuye kwaqhuba izinhlobo ezinjengendlovu yase-Afrika kanye nengwe yase-Amur onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Ingabe ikhona imizamo noma imizamo embonini yezolimo yezilwane ukunciphisa umthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane?
Yebo, kunemizamo nemizamo embonini yezolimo yezilwane ukunciphisa umthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Isibonelo, abanye abalimi nezinhlangano zisebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme ezibeka phambili ukongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezizivuselelayo, kanye nokusebenzisa amadlelo ashintshanayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela ezilwaneni zasendle. Ukwengeza, kunomnyakazo okhulayo obheke emithonjeni yamaprotheni esekelwe ezitshalweni neminye, enganciphisa isidingo sokulima kwezilwane kanye nemithelela yako yemvelo ehlobene. Kodwa-ke, imizamo ebanzi nesabalele iyadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi eziphathelene nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokulima kwezilwane.
Ukwanda kokulima kwezilwane kuzithinta kanjani izindawo zemvelo nemvelo, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane?
Ukunwetshwa kokulima kwezilwane kunomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni zemvelo kanye nemvelo, okunomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukufuywa kwemfuyo ngezinga elikhulu kudinga umhlabathi omningi, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo eziningi. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuphinde kuphazamise ukulinganisela okuntekenteke kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile futhi kungaholela ekuthuthweni noma ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zomdabu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo kwezolimo zezilwane kungangcolisa inhlabathi namanzi, kuphinde kuphazamise imvelo futhi kubeke engcupheni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Sekukonke, ukwanda kokulima kwezilwane kusongela ukulingana okuntekenteke kwezindawo zemvelo, okunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside engaba khona yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo okubangelwa ukulima kwezilwane endaweni ezungezile nasemphakathini wesintu?
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside engaba khona yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo okubangelwa ukulima kwezilwane endaweni ezungezile ihlanganisa ukuphazanyiswa kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nomthelela omubi ezinsizeni ze-ecosystem njengokuvuthwa kwempova nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunomsoco. Lokhu kungaholela ekungalinganini ezinqubweni zemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhuthazela ezinguqukweni zemvelo. Emphakathini wesintu, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungaba nomthelela kwezomnotho, kwamasiko, nempilo. Kungathinta ukuvikeleka kokudla, njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zifaka isandla kuwebhu yomhlaba wonke yokudla, futhi kungaphazamisa imikhuba yamasiko nolwazi lwendabuko. Ukwengeza, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kungaba nomthelela empilweni yabantu ngokunciphisa ukutholakala kwezinsiza zokwelapha nokwandisa ingozi yokuqubuka kwezifo.
