Amanzi, ingqikithi yokuphila, asheshe abe umthombo ontulekayo emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubangela umonakalo emhlabeni wethu, isidingo samanzi siyakhula usuku nosuku. Nakuba kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezifaka isandla kule nkinga ephuthumayo, enye evame ukunganakwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo lwezilwane kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi. Imikhuba eqinile ehlobene nokufuya izilwane ukuze zidliwe ibilokhu iqeda imithombo yethu yamanzi eyigugu buthule, iveza usongo olukhulayo emhlabeni wonke oludinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.
Ukuqonda Ezolimo Zezilwane Nokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi
Ngaphambi kokubheka ubudlelwano obuphathelene nokulima izilwane kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi, ake sihlole izisekelo. Ukulima izilwane kubhekisela embonini enkulu ezinikele ekukhuliseni izilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama, ubisi kanye namaqanda. Kudlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokudla lomhlaba wonke, kuhlinzeka ngengxenye enkulu yezidingo zethu zokudla.
Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu obukhulu bezolimo zezilwane budinga amanzi amaningi. Kusukela ekuhlinzekeni ngamanzi ezilwaneni ngokwazo kuya ekuniseleni izitshalo zokudla, imboni ingumthengi ongapheli walo mthombo oyigugu. Umphumela uwukucindezeleka okungakaze kubonwe ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi kokubili endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Umthelela Wezolimo Zezilwane Ezinsizeni Zamanzi Ahlanzekile
Nakuba izidingo zokulima izilwane emithonjeni yamanzi zisobala, umthelela omubi ubanzi futhi uyakhathaza. Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko ezolimo zezilwane ezifaka ngazo isandla ekushodeni kwamanzi:
1. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi: Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza ecutshunguliwe, okuhlanganisa umquba kanye nokugeleza kwamakhemikhali, emifuleni nasemifuleni kuwumphumela obalulekile wokufuya kakhulu. Lokhu kungcola akugcini nje ngokuthinta ukutholakala kwamanzi kodwa futhi kubeka nezingozi ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini kanye nempilo yabantu.
2. Ukumba amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokweqile: Ezindaweni lapho ukufuywa kwezilwane kuvame khona, njengokusebenza ngobisi noma inyama yenkomo ngezinga elikhulu, ukudonsa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokweqile kuvamile. Lokhu kudonsa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba okungazinzile kuholela ekunciphiseni amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okubangela ukuba imifula nemifudlana yome futhi kushiye imiphakathi ezungezile ibhekene nokuntuleka kwamanzi.
3. Ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi: Umthelela wezolimo zezilwane udlulela ngale kokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokumba ngokweqile. Kuphinde kube nomthelela ekonakaleni kwenhlabathi kanye nokunciphisa amandla okugcina amanzi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezifuywayo kakhulu kanye nokudla okuhlobene nokulima kwezilwane kungaholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi, kudale umjikelezo wokwehla kwekhwalithi yenhlabathi kanye nokuncipha kokumuncwa kwamanzi.
Izifundo Zezimo kanye Nomthelela Womhlaba Wonke
Nakuba ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke, ukuhlola izifundo ezithile zamacala kungasiza ekukhanyiseni ubucayi benkinga:
Isifundo Sendaba 1: I-Central Valley yaseCalifornia
I-Central Valley yaseCalifornia yaziwa njengebhasikidi lesinkwa lase-United States, elinomthwalo wokukhiqiza ingxenye enkulu yezithelo, imifino, namantongomane ezweni. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhungo sezolimo sithembele kakhulu emanzini, futhi ezolimo zezilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile yimisebenzi emikhulu yobisi nenyama esifundeni kuye kwaba nomthelela ekunciphiseni amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi okubonwa yimiphakathi eseduze.
Isifundo Sesibonelo 2: Imboni Yenyama Yenkomo YaseBrazil
IBrazil, umthengisi wenyama yenkomo omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ibhekene nenkinga efanayo yokushoda kwamanzi. Imboni yenyama yenkomo eBrazil idume ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kwamanzi amaningi ngenxa yokunisela okuningi okudingekayo ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo zokudla kwezilwane ezifana nobhontshisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucindezeleka kwamanzi ezindaweni zamanzi zemvelo ezweni kuye kwanda, okubeka impilo yemiphakathi yasendaweni kanye nezindawo zemvelo ezibuthakathaka engozini.
Imiphumela yokulima izilwane emithonjeni yamanzi yomhlaba wonke iyamangalisa. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile angaphezu kuka-90% emhlabeni wonke kubangelwa ezolimo, ukuguqula indlela esikhiqiza futhi sidla ngayo imikhiqizo yezilwane kubalulekile ukuze kube nekusasa elizinzile.
Izixazululo Ezisimeme Zokuphathwa Kwamanzi Kwezolimo Zezilwane
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezixazululo ezitholakalayo zokunciphisa izinselele zokuntuleka kwamanzi ezibangelwa ezolimo zezilwane:
1. Imikhuba yokulima ethuthukisiwe: Ukwamukela imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo njengokufuya izilwane ngokushintshashintshayo, ezolimo ezivuselelayo, kanye nokulima okungokwemvelo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwamanzi kwezolimo zezilwane. Le mikhuba ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela ephumelelayo ngenkathi ikhuthaza imvelo enempilo.
2. Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amanzi kahle: Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amanzi kahle kanye nengqalasizinda kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emisebenzini yokulima izilwane. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nezinhlelo zokunisela ngamaconsi, ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamanzi angcolile kungasiza ekulondolozeni imithombo yamanzi eyigugu.
3. Inqubomgomo kanye nomthethonqubo: Ukusebenzisa kanye nokuphoqelela imithethonqubo eqinile ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokungcola embonini yezolimo zezilwane kubalulekile. Ohulumeni kumele basebenzisane ngokubambisana nababambiqhaza embonini ukusungula iziqondiso ezibeka phambili imikhuba yokuphathwa kwamanzi esimeme kanye nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi eyigugu.
Ukuqwashisa Abathengi kanye Nesenzo
Nakuba abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abalimi, kanye nabaholi bemboni bedlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nokuntuleka kwamanzi okuhambisana nokulima kwezilwane, izenzo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokukhetha kwabathengi kubaluleke ngokulinganayo:
1. Indima yokukhetha kwabathengi: Ukushintshela ekudleni okusimeme, njengezinketho ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma eziguquguqukayo, kunganciphisa kakhulu isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane futhi kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwemithombo yamanzi. Ukudla ngakunye kungaba yithuba lokwenza umthelela omuhle ekongiweni kwamanzi.
2. Ukuphakamisa ulwazi lomphakathi: Ukwandisa ulwazi mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kubalulekile. Imikhankaso yemfundo, amadokhumentari, kanye nezinhlelo zezokuxhumana nabantu kungasiza ekwaziseni umphakathi futhi kubakhuthaze ukuthi bacabangele umthelela wemvelo wokukhetha kwabo ukudla.
3. Ukuhlanganyela engxoxweni: Ngokuzibandakanya engxoxweni nokusekela izinhlangano ezilwela ezolimo ezisimeme, abantu ngabanye bangafaka isandla emkhankasweni obanzi osebenzela ukongiwa kwamanzi kanye nekusasa elisimeme kakhudlwana.
