Ukudalula izindleko ezifihliwe ze-aquaculture: ukulimala kwemvelo, ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kanye ne-push yenhlala-ke yezinhlanzi

I-aquaculture, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukulima izinhlanzi, iye yanda ngokushesha njengendlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle. Le mboni, ehlanganisa ukuzalanisa, ukukhuliswa, kanye nokuvuna izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, iye yanconywa ngamandla ayo okunciphisa ukudoba ngokweqile nokunikeza umthombo oqhubekayo wamaprotheni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kobuso obucwebezelayo bezilwane zasemanzini kukhona iqiniso elimnyama elivame ukunganakwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ngobuningi ezimweni eziminyene futhi ezingezona ezemvelo kuye kwaholela ekukhathazekeni okuningi kwemvelo kanye nokuziphatha, okuvusa imibuzo mayelana nokusimama kwangempela kwale mboni. Kusukela enhlalakahleni yezinhlanzi kuya emithelela yemvelo, amaqiniso abuhlungu ezilwane zasemanzini ngokuvamile afihlekile emehlweni omphakathi. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena sijule emhlabeni we-aquaculture futhi sihlole impi yokukhulula izinhlanzi. Sizohlola isimo samanje semboni, izinselelo ebhekene nazo, kanye nemizamo eyenziwayo yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi kanye nokukhuthaza indlela elungile neqhubekayo yokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini.

Uhlangothi olumnyama lwe-aquaculture

I-aquaculture, evame ukubhekwa njengesixazululo esimeme sokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke sokudla kwasolwandle, inohlangothi olumnyama oluhlala lufihliwe kubathengi abaningi. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kunganikeza umthombo wokudla ongashintshi futhi oyinsada, kukhona ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezemvelo kanye nokuziphatha okuhlobene nale mboni. Ukuminyana okuphezulu kwesitoko emapulazini ezinhlanzi kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile, ama-antibiotics, kanye nemfucumfucu, kube usongo endaweni ezungezile. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokukhiqiza eziqinile ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini zingase zibangele inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi, njengoba izimo eziminyene kanye nokuziphatha okulinganiselwe kwemvelo kungaholela ekucindezelekeni, ukuqubuka kwezifo, kanye namazinga aphezulu okufa. Lezi zindaba zigqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semithethonqubo eqinile kanye nezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe embonini yezasemanzini ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yazo zombili izinhlanzi ezifuywayo kanye nemvelo ezihlala kuzo.

Ukwembula iqiniso ngokufuywa kwezinhlanzi

Njengoba singena sijula ​​emhlabeni wokufuywa kwezinhlanzi emanzini, kuba sobala ukuthi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthola iqiniso ngemikhuba yokudoba izinhlanzi. Kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa izindlela ezisetshenziswa kule mboni futhi kuhlolwe umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile kanye nenhlalakahle yezinhlanzi ezihilelekile. Ngokukhanyisela ubunkimbinkimbi bokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, singaziqonda kangcono izinselelo ezivezayo futhi sihlole izixazululo ezingaba khona ezibeka phambili ukusimama nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Kungalokhu kuthungatha ulwazi nokuqwashisa lapho singakwazi ukuhlahla indlela yendlela yokwenza izinto ngendlela enomthwalo wemfanelo nenezwelo emayelana nezilwane zasemanzini, leyo ebhekana namaqiniso anzima ngesikhathi silwela ukukhululwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nokuvikela imvelo yethu yasemanzini entekenteke.

Imiphumela elimazayo empilweni yasolwandle

Imiphumela yokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini empilweni yasolwandle imbi kakhulu. Izindlela zokulima ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini zivame ukuphumela ezimweni eziminyana nezingahlanzekile, okungaholela ekusabalaleni kwezifo nezilokazane phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezifuywayo. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics namakhemikhali ukuvimbela nokwelapha lezi zifo kunomthelela ekungcoleni nasekungcolisweni kwamanzi azungezile. Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza ngokweqile, okuhlanganisa okuphakelayo okungadliwa kanye nendle, kuholela ekunothisweni kwezakhi kanye ne-eutrophication, okubangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi kanye nokuncipha komoyampilo endaweni yemvelo yasemanzini. Lokhu-ke kuphazamisa ukuphila okuntekenteke kwezilwane zasolwandle, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane zomdabu nokwanda kwezilwane ezihlaselayo. Umthelela onqwabelene walezi zici ubeka engcupheni enkulu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yonke yezilwandle zethu, okugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinqubo ezisimeme nezinesibopho sokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini.

Ukulwela inkululeko yezinhlanzi.

Ukuqashelwa kwemiphumela emibi yokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kuye kwavusa umnyakazo okhulayo wokukhulula izinhlanzi. Abameli nezinhlangano basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze baqwashise ngokukhathazeka okuphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha nezemvelo okuphathelene nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi kanye nokukhuthaza ezinye izixazululo ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle nenkululeko yezilwane zasemanzini. Lezi zishoshovu zithi izinhlanzi, njengazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezizwelayo, zifanelwe ukuphila ngaphandle kokuvalelwa, ukucindezeleka, nobungozi bezifo. Bagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwezindlela ezisimeme nezinobuntu zokufuywa kwezinhlanzi ezivumela izinhlanzi ukuthi zibonise ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo futhi zichume endaweni yazo. Ngokusebenzisa imfundo, ukumela, kanye nezinhlelo zenqubomgomo, ukulwela inkululeko yezinhlanzi kuhloswe ukuguqula imboni yezokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano obunozwelo nobuqhubekayo nozakwethu basemanzini.

Ukukhathazeka kwemvelo nokuziphatha kuyaphakama.

Ukukhathazeka okwethusayo kwezemvelo kanye nokuziphatha okuvela ezenzweni zokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini ngeke kushaywe indiva. Njengoba isidingo sezinhlanzi siqhubeka sikhuphuka, kuye kwavela imisebenzi yokudoba ejulile, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi okukhulu kwemvelo. Izimo zokuminyana emapulazini ezinhlanzi zivame ukuphumela ekungcoleni kwamanzi, njengoba imfucuza eningi namakhemikhali kungcolisa imvelo ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwama-antibiotics kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo kubeka engcupheni kokubili ukuphila kwasemanzini nempilo yabantu. Le mikhuba iphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nokuphathwa kwalezi zidalwa ezizwelayo, njengoba zingaphansi kwezikhala eziminyene, ukudla okungekhona okwemvelo, nezimo ezicindezelayo. Ukuphuthuma ukubhekana nalezi zinto ezikhathazayo kuye kwaholela ekubizweni kwezindlela eziqhubekayo nezinokuziphatha okuhle ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, lapho ukuphila kahle kwezinhlanzi kanye nemvelo ezihlala kuzo kubekwa eqhulwini.

Ngale kwemboni yezilwane zasolwandle ecwebezelayo

Ukuze siqonde ngempela izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezizungeze imboni yezilwane zasolwandle, kufanele sibheke ngale kwangaphandle kwayo ecwebezelayo. Kubalulekile ukujula kuwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezinomthelela ekuxhashazweni nasekucekeleni phansi kwezilwandle zethu. Imboni yokudoba ngenjongo yokuhwebelana, iqhutshwa inzuzo nokufunwa ngabathengi, ngokuvamile ayiyishayi indiva imiphumela edabukisayo yokudoba ngokweqile, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi. Ukwengeza, amaketango okunikezwayo afiphele kanye nokungabi bikho kokulandeleka kwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kwasolwandle esikudlayo kutholakala ngendlela efanele nangokuqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubeka izinto obala, ukuziphendulela, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukubhekana nezinselelo zesistimu ezikhungethe imboni. Kuphela ngokuvuma la maqiniso anokhahlo lapho singalwela ukufinyelela ikusasa elilinganayo neliqaphela imvelo lezinhlanzi nezilwandle zethu.

Joyina umnyakazo woshintsho

Njengabantu ngabanye nezinhlangano, sinamandla okuqhuba ushintsho nokudala ikusasa elizinzile lezilwandle zethu nezinhlanzi ezihlala kuzo. Ngokujoyina inhlangano yezinguquko, singamela ngokuhlanganyela izinguquko embonini yezokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokuvikelwa kwenhlalakahle yezinhlanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusekela imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko okuhloswe ngayo ukuthola ezinye izindlela nezindlela zobuntu zokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, kanye nokukhuthaza ukufundisa abathengi mayelana nokukhetha okusimeme kwezilwane zasolwandle. Ngokubambisana, singagqugquzela abaholi bemboni kanye nabakhi benqubomgomo ukuthi babeke eqhulwini inhlalakahle yezilwandle zethu futhi sisebenzele ikusasa lapho ukukhululwa kwezinhlanzi kungewona nje umqondo, kodwa into engokoqobo.

Sengiphetha, umhlaba wokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini uyimboni eyinkimbinkimbi futhi evame ukuba nezingxabano. Nakuba inikeza umthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo nokudla kwabaningi, futhi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kokuziphatha mayelana nokuphathwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nomthelela endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba impi yokukhulula izinhlanzi iqhubeka, kubalulekile ukuthi imboni isebenzise izindlela eziqhubekayo nezinobuntu ukuze kulingane izidingo zabantu nezinhlanzi. Kuphela ngokucubungulisisa nokuthatha isinyathelo lapho singasebenzela khona ikusasa lapho amanzi engagcwele khona ukuphelelwa ithemba, kodwa kunezimo zemvelo ezinempilo nezichumayo zawo wonke umuntu.