Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwenhlabathi yizinkathazo eziphawulekayo zemvelo eziye zanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemisebenzi yezimboni. Le misebenzi, ehilela ukufuywa kakhulu kwezilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane, ibilokhu ikhula ngezinga kanye nobubanzi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zenani labantu elandayo emhlabeni. Nokho, imiphumela ebingahlosiwe yale misebenzi ibe nomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza, izinqubo ezimbili ezihlobene eduze, yizinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu ezihlobene nokusebenza kwemfuyo yezimboni. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kubhekisela ekulahlekeni kwenhlabathi engaphezulu, ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo futhi inikeza izakhamzimba ezibalulekile endaweni ephilayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuhamba kwamanzi nezinye izinto phezu komhlaba, ngokuvamile ephethe izinto ezingcolisayo ezingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi eseduze. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimbangela zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza okuvela ekusebenzeni kwemfuyo yezimboni, imiphumela yalezi zinqubo, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile.
Imithelela engaba khona yokuguguleka kwemvelo
Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokusebenza kwemfuyo ezimbonini, kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile yezemvelo edlulela ngale kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi engaphezulu. Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu ukwanda kwenhlabathi emanzini aseduze, okungalimaza ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi kuphazamise imvelo yasemanzini. Ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi ngokweqile kungasibekela izitshalo nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi kubangele umonakalo wesikhathi eside ebhalansi entekenteke yalezi zimiso zemvelo. Ukwengeza, inhlabathi egugulekile iqukethe imisoco nezinye izinto ezingcolisa amanzi, okuholela eutrophication kanye nokuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi. Lezi zimbali zingehlisa nakakhulu izinga lamanzi, zilimaze izinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini, futhi zidale ngisho “nezindawo ezifile” lapho amazinga komoyampilo ephansi kakhulu ukuba angasekela ukuphila. Imithelela yokuguguleka kwemfuyo ezimbonini akufanele ithathwe kancane, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukuguguleka komhlaba ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi ezingaba khona kwezemvelo.
Imiphumela engemihle kukhwalithi yamanzi
Imithelela engemihle eqophelweni lamanzi elibangelwa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza kwemfuyo ezimbonini ifinyelela kude futhi ibeka engcupheni enkulu ezindaweni eziphila emanzini. Omunye umphumela ophawulekayo ukwethulwa kwemisoco eyeqile, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, emanzini. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zingabangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo ngokweqile, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-eutrophication. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lamanzi liyawohloka, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga omoya-mpilo, ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi, nokuphazamiseka kwawo wonke amaketanga okudla okusemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi okuvela enhlabathini egugulekile kungavithiza izindawo ezihlala emanzini, kulimaze izindawo zokuzalela ezibucayi futhi kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinyathelo ezibanzi zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi kuvikelwe impilo nobuqotho bemithombo yethu yamanzi.
Ukuncipha kwezakhi zomhlabathi
Indaba ehlobene eduze nokuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo evela ezimbonini ukuncipha kwezakhi zomhlabathi. Le nqubo yenzeka lapho imisoco ebalulekile, njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, ne-micronutrients, kancane kancane iyancipha enhlabathini ngenxa yemikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-monocropping, ukulima ngokweqile, kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wokwenziwa kungaholela ekungalinganini emazingeni ezakhi zomhlabathi, kuvimbele ukukhiqiza nempilo yomhlaba wezolimo. Okuholela ekuncipheni kwezivuno zezitshalo, ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwezakhi ekudleni, kanye nokwanda kobungozi ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, ukuncipha kwezakhi zomhlabathi kubangela inselele enkulu kwezolimo ezisimeme kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Izinqubo zokuphatha umhlabathi eziphumelelayo, njengokujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, ukutshala izitshalo ezimboziwe, kanye nokuvundiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, zibalulekile ekugcwaliseni amazinga ezakhi kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi yesikhathi eside. Ngokubhekana nokuncipha kwezakhi zomhlabathi, singaqinisekisa ukusimama kwezinhlelo zethu zezolimo futhi sikhuthaze ikusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukwehla kokukhiqiza kwezitshalo
Ukwehla komkhiqizo wezitshalo kuwukukhathazeka okuphuthumayo okuvela ekusebenzisaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene endaweni yezolimo. Ukwehla kwezivuno zezitshalo kungabangelwa yizimbangela eziningi, okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu esibi, ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane nezifo, kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi enganele. Esimeni sokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo evela ezimbonini, imithelela engemihle ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo iba sobala nakakhulu. Ukunqwabelana kwenhlabathi nokungcola emanzini kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, kuphazamise ikhwalithi yamanzi okunisela futhi kuphazamise ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa kwenhlabathi engaphezulu ngenxa yokuguguleka kunciphisa ungqimba olunothile ngezakhi ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okuqinile kwezitshalo, kube nomthelela ngqo ezivunweni zezitshalo. Ukubhekana nenkinga yokwehla komkhiqizo wezitshalo kudinga amasu aphelele ahlanganisa izindlela zokuphatha umhlabathi ezithuthukisiwe, amasu okulima anembayo, kanye nezindlela zokulawula amanzi ezisimeme. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo, singalwela ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wezolimo sibe sinciphisa imiphumela emibi yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo ezimbonini.
Ukubaluleka kokumboza izimila
Ikhava yezitshalo idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo nobuqotho bendawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo yezimboni. Isembozo sezitshalo sisebenza njengesithiyo semvelo, sinciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela wemvula futhi sivimbele izinhlayiya zomhlabathi ukuthi zingachithiki futhi zihanjiswe ngamanzi angaphezulu. Izimpande zezitshalo zisiza ukubopha kanye nokuzinzisa inhlabathi, ukunciphisa izinga lokuguguleka nokuvimbela ukulahleka kwenhlabathi engaphezulu ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumbozwa kwezitshalo kukhuthaza ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini, kunciphisa ukugeleza kanye nengozi elandelayo yezikhukhula nokulahlekelwa izakhi. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zako zokongiwa kwenhlabathi, ukumbozwa kwezitshalo nakho kunomthelela empilweni yonke kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwendawo ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala yezilwane zasendle, ukusekela abathuthi bempova, nokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya ngokuthathwa kwekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa nokukhuthaza ukumbozwa kwezitshalo kubalulekile ekuphathweni komhlaba okusimeme kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo lapho kubhekene nezinselelo zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nezinselele zokugeleza.
Sengiphetha, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo evela ezimbonini kubeka engcupheni imvelo yethu kanye nempilo yemiphakathi yethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalezi zinkinga ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme kanye nemithethonqubo ukuze sivikele imithombo yethu yemvelo futhi siqinisekise ukuphepha kokutholakala kwethu kokudla. Ngokusebenzisana nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, singanciphisa imithelela emibi yokusebenza kwemfuyo ezimbonini futhi sakhe ikusasa elinempilo nelisimeme kakhudlwana lawo wonke umuntu. Masiqhubeke nokubeka phambili inhlalakahle yomhlaba wethu kanye nezakhamuzi zawo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
FAQ
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo yezimboni?
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo evela ezimbonini ukuklaba ngokweqile, izinqubo zokuphatha umhlaba ezingafanele, kanye nokugcwala kwezilwane endaweni encane. Ukuklaba ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho izilwane zidla izitshalo ngokushesha kunokuba zingakhula futhi, okushiya inhlabathi isengozini yokuguguleka. Izindlela zokuphatha umhlaba ngendlela engafanele njengokushoda kwezitshalo ezimilayo, ukungafaneleki kwezinyathelo zokulondoloza umhlabathi, kanye nezinhlelo ezingezinhle zokudonsa amanzi kunomthelela ekugugulekeni nasekugelezeni kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, ukugcwala kwezilwane endaweni encane kuholela ekunqwabeleni komquba kanye nemisoco eyeqile, engakhukhuleka ngesikhathi lina futhi ingcolise nemithombo yamanzi eseduze .
Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo ezimbonini kulithinta kanjani izinga lamanzi?
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo yezimboni kungaba nomthelela omkhulu eqophelweni lamanzi. Lapho inhlabathi iguguleka, ithwala inhlabathi, imisoco, nezinto ezingcolisa umoya, ezingase zithuthelwe emanzini aseduze ngokugeleza. Lokhu kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga e-sedimentation, ukunothisa izakhi, kanye nokungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi. Umsoco oweqile, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, ungabangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi kanye nokuncipha kwe-oxygen, okuthinta kabi izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye nemvelo. Ukwengeza, izinto ezingcolisayo ezinjengemithi elwa namagciwane, amahomoni, nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa imfuyo zingase zingcolise imithombo yamanzi, kube yingozi empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile.
Iyini imiphumela engaba khona yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo yezimboni ezindaweni ezizungezile?
Imiphumela engaba khona yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokugeleza okuvela ezimbonini zemfuyo ezindaweni ezizungezile ihlanganisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo nomquba kungaholela ekugelezeni kwezakhi, okubangela i-eutrophication emanzini aseduze. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhumeni kwe-algal okuyingozi, ukuphelelwa umoya komoyampilo, nokufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nakho kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi emanzini, kuphazamise izinga lamanzi kanye nezindawo ezihlala emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucekelwa phansi kwezimila zemvelo kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi kunganciphisa izinga lendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Sekukonke, le miphumela ingaba nemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside neyingozi kuma-ecosystem azungezile.
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo ezimbonini?
Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu ezifana nokulima amakhonsathi, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, nokutshala izitshalo ezimbozayo kungasiza ekwehliseni ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo yasezimbonini. Ukwengeza, ukusungula izindawo ezigcina izitshalo emigwaqweni yamanzi, ukunciphisa ukuklaba ngokweqile, nokusebenzisa amasu okulawula udoti ngendlela efanele nakho kunganciphisa lezi zinkinga. Ukuqapha njalo nokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kungasiza ekuboneni izindawo ezisengozini futhi kuvumele ukungenelela okuhlosiwe. Ukusebenzisana nama-ejensi kahulumeni, abacwaningi, kanye nababambiqhaza ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuphoqelela imithethonqubo nemihlahlandlela efanele kungaqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwemithombo yomhlabathi namanzi emithelela yokusebenza kwemfuyo yezimboni.
Ingathuthukiswa kanjani imithetho nemigomo kahulumeni ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugeleza okuvela emisebenzini yemfuyo ezimbonini?
Imithethonqubo kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zingathuthukiswa ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokugeleza kwemfuyo evela ezimbonini ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuqiniswa komthetho, ukwanda kokuqapha, kanye nezinqubo zokulima ezizinzile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokongiwa kwenhlabathi eziyimpoqo, njengokulima amakhonsathi kanye nokutshala izitshalo ezimbozayo, kanye nokudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu zokulawula udoti nokugeleza kwezakhi. Ukwengeza, uhulumeni angagqugquzela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezizinzile ngezibonelelo nezibonelelo, kuyilapho ebeka nezinhlawulo eziqinile zokungathobeli. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-ejensi kahulumeni, abalimi, nezinhlangano zezemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo neziphelele ezivikela ikhwalithi yomhlabathi futhi zinciphise ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.
