Ukufuywa kwemfuyo sekuyisikhathi eside kuyisici esiyisisekelo sempucuko yabantu, kunikeza umthombo obalulekile wokudla, abasebenzi, nokuzinza kwezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke senyama nemikhiqizo yobisi silokhu sikhula, ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wemvelo wale mboni kuye kwaba seqhulwini. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Lokhu sekuholele ekukhuleni komnyakazo obheke ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye neminye imithombo yamaprotheni, kanye nokubiza izindlela zokulima ezizinzile nezinokuziphatha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola imiphumela yemvelo yokulima imfuyo kanye nemithelela enakho ekudleni kwabantu. Sizocubungula izindlela ezahlukahlukene le mboni enomthelela ngayo emhlabeni wethu futhi sixoxe ngezixazululo ezingaba khona kanye nezinguquko ezingenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yayo emibi. Ngokuhlola ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nemvelo, sithemba ukuthi sizocacisa ngezinyathelo ezidingekayo zohlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunomthwalo wemfanelo.
Umthelela omubi kwezemvelo wokufuywa kwemfuyo.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo senyama nemikhiqizo yobisi emhlabeni wonke, umthelela omubi wemvelo wokufuywa kwemfuyo usuyinkinga enkulu. Enye inkinga enkulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleke imfuyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Lokhu kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwamasinki ekhabhoni abalulekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukwengeza, ukufuya ngokujulile kudinga amanzi amaningi ukuze kufakwe amanzi ezilwaneni kanye nokuniselwa kwezitshalo, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwamanzi ezindaweni eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namahomoni kwezolimo zezilwane nakho kungangcolisa imizila yamanzi nomhlabathi, kubeke engcupheni empilweni yomuntu kanye nobuqotho besimiso sezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-methane ekhiqizwa izilwane ezelusayo, njengezinkomo nezimvu, kunengxenye enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezisi ezibamba ukushisa kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Le miphumela eshaqisayo yezemvelo idinga ukuhlolisiswa kwezinqubo zokulima imfuyo kanye nenguquko ebheke ekukhetheni okusimeme kanye nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Ukuncishiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okudlangile okubangelwa ukufuywa yizindaba ezibucayi zemvelo ezidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha. Njengoba izindawo eziwudedangendlale zomhlaba zigenwa ukuze kudliwe kuzo futhi kukhiqizwe ukudla, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zilahlekelwa izindawo zazo zokuhlala, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kuphinde kuphazamise izimiso zemvelo ezintekenteke futhi kunciphise amandla okukhuthazela kweplanethi yethu. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunemiphumela efinyelela kude, okunomthelela ekulinganiseni kwemvelo, ukuvuthwa kwempova, kanye nokuba khona kwezinsiza ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhlobene nokufuywa kwemfuyo kubhebhethekisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengoba amahlathi efeza indima ebalulekile ekugcineni isikhutha nasekulawuleni amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke. Njengoba sihlola imiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kanye nemithelela yako ekudleni kwabantu, kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi sikhuthaze imikhuba esimeme ebeka kuqala ukongiwa kwemfuyo kanye nokugcinwa kwezindawo zethu zemvelo.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha kwezinsiza.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha kwezinsiza kuwukukhathazeka okwengeziwe kwemvelo okuhlobene nokufuywa. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekufuyeni zivame ukuphumela ekukhishweni kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziyingozi emithonjeni yamanzi eseduze. Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo, njengezakhi eziwumsoco ngokweqile, izibulala-zinambuzane, nezibulala-zinambuzane, zingangcolisa imifula, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kube izingozi ezimisweni zemvelo zasemanzini nempilo yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezinga elikhulu okudingekayo ekufuyweni kwemfuyo kunomthelela ekuncipheni kwezinsiza, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukuntuleka kwamanzi sekuyinkinga enkulu. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi ukuze kufakwe amanzi ezilwaneni, ukukhiqizwa kokuphakelayo, kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza kukhinyabeza amanzi endawo futhi kubhebhethekise inkinga yamanzi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba sihlola imiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kanye nomthelela wako ekudleni kwabantu, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokuqedwa kwemithombo ngokwamukelwa kwezinqubo ezisimeme kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwamasu okuphatha amanzi anesibopho.
Ukukhishwa kwe-methane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla edlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. I-methane ikhiqizwa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-enteric ezinhlelweni zokugaya zezilwane ezelusayo njengezinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi. Ukwengeza, ukuphathwa nokugcinwa komquba emisebenzini yemfuyo kukhulula i-methane emkhathini. I-Methane inamandla amakhulu kakhulu okufudumala kwembulunga yonke kune-carbon dioxide esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-20, okuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane kanye nokwanda kokufuywa emhlabeni jikelele kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokukhishwa kwe-methane. Ukubhekana nokukhishwa kwe-methane okuvela emfuyweni kubalulekile ekwehliseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwehliswa kwekhabhoni yonke ehambisana nokulima kwezilwane. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuphakela, ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-methane, kanye nokushintshela ezinhlelweni zokulima ezizinzile konke kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni le mikhiqizo ekhishwayo kanye nokukhuthaza indlela evumelana nemvelo ekukhiqizeni imfuyo.
Impilo ethinta ukusetshenziswa kwenyama.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yezempilo okungafanele ishaywe indiva. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwahlobanisa ukudla okuphezulu kwenyama, ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu negayiwe, engozini eyengeziwe yokuba nezimo ezingapheli njengesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Amazinga aphezulu wamafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol etholakala enyameni kuye kwaphawulwa njengezimbangela ekukhuphuleni amazinga e-cholesterol egazini futhi kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo senhliziyo. Ukwengeza, izindlela zokupheka ezisetshenziselwa inyama, njengokosa nokuthosa, zingaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela eziyingozi njenge-heterocyclic amines nama-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela imiphumela yezempilo engaba khona lapho sihlola ukukhetha kwethu ukudla futhi sihlole ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sokudla inyama ngokweqile ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo engcono iyonke.
Izinzuzo zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni.
Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezingaba nomthelela omuhle kokubili impilo yethu kanye nemvelo. Okokuqala, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuvame ukuba nokucebile ku-fiber, amavithamini, namaminerali, okubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle nokunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingelapheki. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abalandela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni banamazinga aphansi okukhuluphala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nesifo senhliziyo, phakathi kwezinye izimo zezempilo. Ukwengeza, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngokuvamile kuphansi kumafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokugxila ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, singakwazi ukufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yemvelo. Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kunomlando obalulekile wendawo ezungezile, neqhaza lako ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, nokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngokushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, singakwazi ukunciphisa le miphumela yemvelo futhi sikhuthaze uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile. Sekukonke, ukwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungaholela emiphumeleni yezempilo ethuthukisiwe futhi kube nomthelela ekusaseni eliluhlaza nelizinzile.
Izindlela zokulima ezizinzile nezisombululo.
Ukuze kubhekwane nemiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme, kunezixazululo eziningana ezingase zisetshenziswe. Enye indlela ukwamukelwa kwamasu okulima okuvuselelayo, abeka kuqala impilo yenhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zindlela, njengokutshala kwekhabhoni, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, kanye nomanyolo wemvelo, azigcini nje ngokunciphisa izinto ezifakwa ngamakhemikhali kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ikhono lomhlabathi lokuhlukanisa ikhabhoni nokugcina amanzi. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ze-agroforestry, ezihlanganisa izihlahla nezilimo, zinganikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuchithwa kwekhabhoni, ikhwalithi yomhlabathi ethuthukisiwe, kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Esinye isixazululo ukugqugquzelwa kobuchwepheshe bokulima obunembayo, obufana nemishini eqondiswa yi-GPS nokuhlaziya idatha, okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi kunciphise ukumoshakala. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasiza abalimi ukuba benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile mayelana nokunisela, ukuvundisa, nokulawula izinambuzane, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwamanzi, amandla, nezinto zokufakelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela kanye nokugqugquzela izindlela zokulima zendawo ezincane kungaba nomthelela ezinhlelweni zokudla ezisimeme ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuhamba kanye nokukhuthaza ukusimama komphakathi. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinqubo zokulima nezisombululo ezisimeme, singasebenzela ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme lezidlo zethu kanye neplanethi yethu.
Ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha ngokulima kwefekthri.
Ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nokulima kwasefekthri kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa imiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kanye nemithelela yako ekudleni kwabantu. Ukulima kwasefekthri kuhilela ukuvalelwa kakhulu kwezilwane ezimweni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngenhlalakahle yezilwane. Izilwane zivame ukubhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu njengokudonswa kwezinyawo nomsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa okufanele, futhi ukuziphatha kwazo okungokwemvelo kanye nemizwelo engokwemvelo kukhawulelwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic njengabagqugquzeli bokukhula kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela enkingeni yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic, okubeka izingozi kokubili kwezilwane kanye nempilo yabantu. Ukwengeza, umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwasefekthri, okuhlanganisa nokungcoliswa kwemfucuza yezilwane kanye nokuncipha kwemithombo yemvelo, kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokusimama kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwalo mkhuba wezolimo onzima. Lokhu kukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kugqamisa isidingo sezinye izindlela zokufuya ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukudla okunempilo nokunobuntu.
Imithelela yezomnotho emiphakathini yendawo.
Ukuhlola umthelela wezomnotho emiphakathini yendawo kungesinye isici esibalulekile lapho kubhekwana nemiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kanye nemithelela yako ekudleni kwabantu. Ukuba khona kwemisebenzi yokulima efekthri kungaba nemiphumela emihle nemibi emiphakathini eseduze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le misebenzi inganikeza amathuba omsebenzi, ikhulise umnotho wendawo futhi inikeze abantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni umthombo wemali engenayo. Ukwengeza, isidingo sezinsiza ezifana nokudla, okokusebenza, kanye nezinsizakalo zezilwane kukhiqiza ibhizinisi kubahlinzeki bendawo nabahlinzeki besevisi. Nokho, zikhona futhi izithiyo ezingaba khona. Ukulima kwasefekthri kungaholela ekuqoqeni komcebo namandla ezandleni zezinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa, kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kwezomnotho kanye namathuba kubalimi abasafufusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okuhambisana nokufuya kakhulu, njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi nokungcoliswa komoya, kungaba nomthelela omubi kwezokuvakasha nezinye izimboni ezithembele endaweni enempilo. Sekukonke, ukuqonda kanye nokubhekana nomthelela wezomnotho wokufuywa kwemfuyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni intuthuko esimeme nelinganayo emiphakathini yendawo.
Isidingo ukusetshenziswa eqaphela.
Ukuqwashisa abathengi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokuqaphela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nemiphumela yemvelo yokufuywa kanye nemithelela yako ekudleni kwabantu. Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okwandayo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokuntuleka kwamanzi, kubalulekile ukuba abantu bazikhethele benolwazi ngemikhiqizo abayisebenzisayo. Ngokuqonda indawo ezungezile yemithombo yokudla ehlukahlukene kanye nokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisimeme, abathengi bangaba neqhaza ekwehliseni imithelela engemihle yokufuya imfuyo. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusekela izinketho zokudla zasendaweni, eziphilayo, neziphakanyiswe ngokuziphatha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, nokwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ukwengeza, abathengi bangamela ukulebula okusobala kanye nokuziphendulela kubakhiqizi, ukukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza okunesibopho embonini yokudla. Ngokucabangela ngokucophelela imithelela yemvelo yezinketho zethu zokudla, singasebenzela ngokuhlanganyela ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile futhi oluqinile.
Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi umthelela wokufuywa kwezemvelo ngeke ushaywe indiva. Njengoba kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokuqwashisa kwabantu, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye bacabangele imiphumela yezinketho zabo zokudla emhlabeni. Nakuba kungase kungabi khona ikhambi elilingana nosayizi owodwa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kanye nokusekela izindlela zokulima ezisimeme kungaba nomthelela omuhle emvelweni nempilo yethu. Kukithi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi sisebenzele ikusasa elisimeme sabo bonke abantu.
FAQ
Yimiphi imiphumela eyinhloko yezemvelo yokufuya imfuyo, futhi iwuthinta kanjani umhlaba?
Imiphumela eyinhloko yemvelo yokufuywa kwemfuyo ihlanganisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuklama amadlelo nezitshalo zokudla, ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenxa yokugeleza komquba, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le mithelela inomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, njengoba ukufuya kuyimbangela enkulu yesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi nemithombo yomhlaba ekukhiqizeni imfuyo kwandisa ukusweleka kwamanzi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukungcola okuvela emanzini agelezayo kungehlisa izinga lamanzi futhi kulimaza imvelo yasemanzini. Sekukonke, le miphumela yemvelo yokufuya inomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni nasekusimameni komhlaba.
Ngabe ukufuywa kwemfuyo kunamthelela muni ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
Ukufuya imfuyo kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Esinye isici esiyinhloko ukukhishwa kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla, ngokuvutshelwa kwamathumbu ezimisweni zokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezilusayo njengezinkomo nezimvu. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zokuphatha umquba zingakhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-methane ne-nitrous oxide. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusetshenziselwa amadlelo noma ukukhiqizwa kokudla nakho kukhulula inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide. Okokugcina, izinqubo ezidinga amandla amaningi ezihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwezilwane, ukuthuthwa, nokucubungula kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ngokuhlangene, lezi zici zenza ukufuya kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Yiziphi izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokufuywa kwemfuyo?
Ezinye zezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa umthelela wokufuywa kwemvelo zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme njengokudlisa ngokushintshanisa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namahomoni, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokulawula udoti, kanye nokukhuthaza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ukwengeza, ukutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe njengokukhetha izakhi zofuzo zezilwane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas emqubeni nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wendawo. Ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwalezi zindlela ezihlukile kungaba nomthelela embonini yokufuya imfuyo esimeme futhi engayingeni imvelo.
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuyithinta kanjani imithombo yamanzi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi?
Ukufuya imfuyo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emithonjeni yamanzi nasekungcolisweni kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi ekuniseleni izitshalo zokudla kwezilwane kanye nokuphuza imfuyo kungaqeda imithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokuntuleka kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, imfucuza yezilwane, okuhlanganisa ubulongwe nomchamo, ingangcolisa imizimba yamanzi eseduze ngokugeleza, okuholela ekugcwaleni komsoco kanye nokuqhakaza kwe-algal okuyingozi. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kungase futhi kuthwale ama-antibiotics, ama-hormone, namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imfuyo, okuqhubeka nokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi. Izinqubo zokuphatha ezifanele, njengokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlanza imfucuza kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, zibalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe le mithelela engemihle futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufuywa okusimeme.
Iyini imithelela yokulima imfuyo ekudleni nasekudleni kwabantu, futhi abantu bangakwazi kanjani ukukhetha ukudla okuzinzile?
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kunomthelela omkhulu ekudleni nasekudleni kwabantu. Inomthelela ekuphuzweni kwezinga eliphezulu lenyama ebomvu negayiwe, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyandayo yezinkinga zempilo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nesifo senhliziyo neminye imidlavuza. Ukwengeza, ukufuywa kwemfuyo kudinga inani elikhulu lezinsiza, ezifana nomhlabathi namanzi, futhi kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukuze benze ukukhetha okusimeme kakhudlwana, abantu bangakhetha ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma okuya phambili kwezitshalo okubeka kuqala izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okusanhlamvu, namantongomane. Lezi zinqumo zingasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kokudla kuyilapho kukhuthazwa amaphethini okudla okunempilo.
