Ukulima kwasefekthri, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ezolimo zezimboni, sekuphenduke amandla amakhulu ekukhiqizeni ukudla emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba kungase kusebenze kahle ngokomkhiqizo, umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwasefekthri mukhulu kakhulu. Kusukela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokungcola kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, imiphumela yemikhuba yokulima efektri ifinyelela kude. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizohlola amaqiniso nezibalo ezithinta umthelela wokulima kwefekthri kwezemvelo, sikhanyisele isidingo esiphuthumayo semikhuba yokulima esimeme kanye nokuqwashisa abathengi.
Imithelela Yokulima Kwemboni Emvelweni
1. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye Nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala
Izinqubo zokulima emafekthri ngokuvamile zihilela ukugawula izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza imfuyo, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi kubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo, kuxoshwe izilwane zasendle futhi kube nengxenye ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
2. Ukungcoliswa Komoya, Amanzi, Nomhlaba
Ukulima kwasefekthri kuwumthombo omkhulu wokungcola, ukukhiphela amakhemikhali ayingozi nemfucuza emoyeni, emanzini nasenhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, kuyilapho izindlela zokulahla imfucuza ziholela ekulimaleni kwenhlabathi nokungcoliswa kwezakhi.
Imiphumela Yemvelo YezoLimo Zezimboni
Izinqubo zezolimo zezimboni ezivame ukubonakala ekulimeni kwasefekthri zinemiphumela eminingi eyingozi emvelweni. Eminye yemiphumela eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
Ukucekelwa phansi Kwekhwalithi Yomhlabathi
Ezolimo ezimbonini ngokuvamile zihilela ukusetshenziswa kanzima kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezingase ziqede inhlabathi yezakhi ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuncipha, kuhlangene nezinhlelo zokutshala i-monoculture ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwefekthri, kungaholela ekulimazeni kwenhlabathi nokuncipha kokuvunda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuba indaba enkulu, okubhebhethekisa ukulahleka komhlaba olimekayo.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi
Ukugeleza kwamakhemikhali okuvela emisebenzini yezolimo yezimboni kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni kwamanzi. Lawa makhemikhali angangena emithonjeni yamanzi eseduze, awangcolise futhi alimaze imvelo yasemanzini. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo nakho kuholela ekugelezeni kwezakhi, okubangela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal nezindawo ezifile emanzini. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela izilwane zasolwandle kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu ngokungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi okuphuza.
Umthelela weFactory Farming on Climate Change
Ukulima emafekthri kudlala indima enkulu ekufakeni isandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela ezahlukene:
I-Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Ukulima kwasefekthri kuwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kubala ingxenye enkulu. I-Methane ne-nitrous oxide, amagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla, akhululwa ngobuningi ezinqubweni zokugaya imfuyo kanye nokuphathwa komquba emisebenzini yokulima efekthri.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye Nokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni
Ukucisha indawo yokulima efekthri, ikakhulukazi imfuyo edla amadlelo kanye nokukhiqiza ukudla, kuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela inani lezihlahla ezingabamba futhi zigcine isikhutha kodwa futhi kukhipha ikhabhoni egciniwe emkhathini. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kutshalwe amafekthri kubhebhethekisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuba nomthelela ekwandeni kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide.
Ukwandisa Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu
Inhlanganisela yegesi ebamba ukushisa ephuma emfuyweni kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kutshalwe amafekthri kwakha i-feedback loop ekhulisa imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ziba njalo, imiphumela yemvelo yokulima efekthri ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu iya ngokuya igqama.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi Okuvela Ezenzweni Zokulima Embonini
Imisebenzi yokulima yasefekthri ikhipha imisoco eningi namakhemikhali emanzini, okuholela ekuqhakazeni kwe-algal nezindawo ezifile.
Amanzi angcolile avela ekulimeni kwefekthri angangcolisa imithombo yamanzi okuphuza futhi alimaze impilo yabantu.
Ukucekelwa phansi Komhlaba kanye Nokulima Kwamafekthri
Izindlela zokulima zasefekthri zinomthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi yenhlabathi kanye nempilo. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kwehlisa imisoco ebalulekile enhlabathini, okuholela ekuwohlokeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugawulwa njalo nokucinaniswa kwenhlabathi emisebenzini yokulima efekthri kunomthelela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi, kunciphisa ukuvunda nokuqina komhlaba.
- Ukulima kwasefekthri kuqeda imisoco yenhlabathi, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivuno sezitshalo kanye nesakhiwo esibi senhlabathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali kuphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yezinambuzane zenhlabathi, kube nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okuvela ekulimeni kwasefekthri kungabangela ukugeleza kwenhlabathi, kungcolise imithombo yamanzi futhi kulimaze imvelo yasemanzini.
Kubalulekile ukubhekana nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi ekulimeni kwasefekthri ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezisimeme njengokujikeleziswa kwezitshalo, ukutshala izitshalo ezimbozekile, nokunciphisa ukulima. Le mikhuba isiza ukugcina impilo yenhlabathi, ikhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, futhi inciphise umthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yezolimo ejulile.
Igalelo Lemboni Yokulima Ekugawulweni Kwamahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwendawo yokulima efekthri kucekela phansi amahlathi, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okulima emafekthri nakho kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala emiphakathini yendabuko kanye nezilwane ezisengozini.
Ukulahleka Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene kanye Nokulima Kwasembonini
Izindlela zokulima zasefekthri zivame ukubandakanya ukulima okukodwa, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zinikezelwe ukulima isitshalo esisodwa noma ukufuya uhlobo olulodwa lwemfuyo. Lolu hlelo lwezolimo olulodwa luholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba luqeda izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingaba khona ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile.
I-Monocultures isengozini kakhulu ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, njengoba ingenayo izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezingasiza ukuvikela ekuqubukeni. Ukuze kuliwe nalezi zinkinga, amafekthri amapulazi avame ukuthembela ekusetshenzisweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, okulimaza kakhulu imvelo kanye nemvelo ezungezile.
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokulima kwasefemini kunemiphumela efinyelela kude ngale kwepulazi ngokwalo. Kungaphazamisa izinsiza ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem, njengokuthuthwa kwempova kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okunomsoco, kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwezinhlelo zemvelo ukuze zivumelane nezinguquko zemvelo.
Ngokusekela izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme ezikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, njenge-agroforestry kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, singasiza ekwehliseni umthelela ongemuhle wokulima kwasefekthri ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi sidale izinhlelo zokudla eziqinile zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukunciphisa Umthelela Wezemvelo Wokulima Kwemboni
Kunezindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwasefekthri nokukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme zezolimo:
- Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamakhemikhali: Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa komhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi. Izindlela ezididiyelwe zokulawula izinambuzane zingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane ngaphandle kokuthembela kumakhemikhali ayingozi.
- Ukusekela Ukukhiqizwa Kokudla Okuhle: Njengabathengi, ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kokudla okunesimilo ngokukhetha imikhiqizo evela emithonjeni eqhubekayo nenobuntu kungadala ushintsho oluhle embonini yokulima efekthri.
