Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu esikhathini sethu, futhi umthelela wako uzwakala emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kuvame ukucashunwa njengembangela eyinhloko, enye ingxenye enkulu enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngokuvamile ayinakwa: ukulima kwezilwane. Ukukhuliswa kwemfuyo ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kunomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, okuhlanganisa nokuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi nomhlaba. Eqinisweni, ezolimo zezilwane zibophezele ekukhiqizweni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa elinganiselwa ku-14.5% emhlabeni wonke, okuyenza ibe nomthelela omkhulu enkingeni yesimo sezulu esikhona manje. Naphezu kwalokhu, indima yokulima kwezilwane ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ivame ukunganakwa futhi igcizelelwe kancane. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ukulima kwezilwane kufaka isandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wako. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha kwethu ukudla futhi sisebenzele ikusasa elisimeme kakhulu leplanethi yethu.

Ukungcola kwemfuyo kuyaphikisana nezinto ezingcolisa ezokuthutha

Umthelela wemfuyo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu awunakubukelwa phansi, njengoba ukukhishwa kwayo kuphikisana nalokho okungcolisa izinto zokuhamba. Imikhuba yokulima ejulile ehileleke ekulimeni kwezilwane inegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-methane ne-nitrous oxide. I-Methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla, ikhishwa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-enteric emfuyweni, lapho ama-microorganisms ohlelweni lwazo lokugaya ephula ukudla. Ukwengeza, ukuphathwa komquba nokusetshenziswa komanyolo wokwenziwa ekukhiqizeni ukudla kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwe-nitrous oxide, enye igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Lokhu kukhishwa kunomthelela omkhulu wokufudumala emkhathini futhi kunomthelela ekwenyukeni okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni. Kubalulekile ukubhekana neqhaza lokulima kwezilwane kumasu okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zintuthu ezikhishwayo kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezisimeme.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezolimo kukhipha ikhabhoni

Ukwandiswa kwezinqubo zezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi endaweni yokulima, kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuphumela kwesikhutha emkhathini. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezolimo kuhilela ukususwa kwezihlahla nezimila, ezisebenza njengamasinki e-carbon, ukumunca nokugcina isikhutha emkhathini. Lapho la mahlathi egawulwa, ikhabhoni egciniwe ikhishwa ibuyele emoyeni, ibe nomthelela ekushiseni kwemvelo nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Le nqubo ikhipha amanani abalulekile ekhabhoni, okuqhubekisela phambili amazinga aphezulu kakade okukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukubhekana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezolimo kubalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulondoloza izinsiza zeplanethi yethu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisimeme zokuphatha umhlaba kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa ukwanda kwezolimo.

I-methane evela ezinkomeni ifudumeza iplanethi

Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, ikakhulukazi inqubo yokugaya izinkomo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwe-methane, igesi enamandla ebamba ukushisa enomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. I-methane ikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa okwenzeka ezimisweni zokugaya ukudla kwezinkomo, ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-enteric fermentation. Le nqubo yemvelo yebhayoloji iphumela ekukhiqizweni nasekukhishweni kwegesi ye-methane ngokubhodla kanye ne-flatulence. Isidingo esikhulu somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane siholele ekwenyukeni kwenani lemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwegesi ye-methane. Lokhu kugcwala kwe-methane emkhathini kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukushisa, kubambe ukushisa futhi kube nomthelela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okushisa eplanethi yethu. Ukubhekana nodaba lokukhishwa kwe-methane ephuma ezinkomeni kuyisici esibalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokusebenzela ikusasa elisimeme.

Umanyolo ukhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla

Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo emisebenzini yezolimo nakho kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla. Umanyolo, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe i-nitrogen, akhulula i-nitrous oxide (N2O) emkhathini. I-nitrous oxide iyigesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla amakhulu kakhulu okufudumala kune-carbon dioxide. Ikhishwa ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kukamanyolo ezitshalweni kanye nokuguqulwa kwamagciwane okulandelanayo kwezinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi komanyolo wokwenziwa kwezolimo zezilwane ezinkulu kuyayibhebhethekisa le ndaba, njengoba isidingo sezilimo zokudla sikhula kakhulu. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuthembela ezenzweni zezolimo eziqinile, kubaluleka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezisimeme futhi sithuthukise amasu okuphatha izakhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudedelwa kwala magesi abamba ukushisa anamandla emkhathini. Ngokubhekana nomthelela womanyolo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, singaqhubeka sinciphisa umkhondo wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane futhi sisebenzele ikusasa elinokulinganisela ngokwemvelo.

Imfucuza yezilwane ingcolisa imizila yamanzi

Okunye okukhathazayo okubalulekile kwezemvelo okuhlotshaniswa nezolimo zezilwane ukungcoliswa kwemigudu yamanzi ngenxa yemfucuza yezilwane. Ukukhiqiza kakhulu imfuyo kuholela ekutheni kudaleke udoti omningi, okuhlanganisa ubulongwe nomchamo. Uma ingalawulwa ngendlela efanele, le mikhiqizo kadoti ingathola indlela yayo emithonjeni yamanzi eseduze, okuholela ekungcoleni nasekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo yasemanzini. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezakhamzimba, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, emfucumfucwini yezilwane kungabangela ukukhula ngokweqile kwe-algae emizimbeni yamanzi, okuholela ekuncipheni komoyampilo kanye nokulimaza impilo yasemanzini. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwamagciwane emfucumfucu yezilwane kubangela ingozi empilweni yomuntu uma imithombo yamanzi isetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa. Izinqubo ezifanele zokulawula imfucuza, njengokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulondoloza kanye nokwelapha ezisebenzayo, zibalulekile ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa kwemigudu yamanzi okubangelwa ukulima kwezilwane.

Ukuthutha okuphakelayo kwengeza ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni

Esinye isici esivame ukunganakwa somnikelo wezolimo wezilwane ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ukuthuthwa kokudla. Ukuze kuqhubeke imfuyo eningi, kudingeka inqwaba yokudla, njengokusanhlamvu nezitshalo. Le mithombo yokudla ivamise ukuthuthwa amabanga amade, okuholela ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni ebalulekile ezimotweni zokuthutha. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuhlobene nokudla okuthuthwayo kwengeza kuwo wonke umlando wekhabhoni wokulima kwezilwane. Ukusebenzisa amasistimu okukhiqiza okuphakelayo asendaweni kanye nesimeme kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sokuthutha amabanga amade, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekhiqizwa kule nqubo. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nokuthuthwa kokuphakelayo njengengxenye yamasu aphelele okunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.

Umhlaba osuliwe ukuze udliwe uyanikela

Ukususa amadlelo kungenye indlela ebalulekile ukulima kwezilwane okunomthelela ngayo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Lapho amahlathi noma izindawo ezinotshani zemvelo zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleke indawo yokuba imfuyo iklabe, kuphumela ekukhipheni inani elikhulu lesikhutha emkhathini. Izihlahla nezimila zisebenza njengamasinki ekhabhoni, zimunca isikhutha futhi zisize ekulawuleni isimo sezulu. Nokho, lapho lezi zindawo sezisusiwe, i-carbon egcinwe ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni iyakhululwa, ibe nomthelela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncipha kwezimila kunciphisa amandla eplanethi okumunca isikhutha, okwenza kube kubi nakakhulu imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuthola ezinye izindlela ezisimeme esikhundleni sokugunyazwa kwamadlelo, njengezinhlelo zokudlisa ngokushintshana noma ukusebenzisa umhlabathi osucekeleke phansi, kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo walo mkhuba futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Ukulima kwezilwane okubophezele ku-14.5% wezinto ezikhishwa umhlaba wonke

Ukulima kwezilwane kudlala indima enkulu ekufakeni isandla ekukhiqizweni komhlaba wonke okubangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ezolimo zezilwane zinesibopho se-14.5% yengqikithi yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu akubandakanyi kuphela i-carbon dioxide, kodwa futhi i-methane ne-nitrous oxide, okungamagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla anamandla okufudumala kwembulunga yonke kune-carbon dioxide. Ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthwa kokuphakela kwezilwane, izinqubo zokugaya imfuyo, nokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezilwane konke kunesandla kulokhu kukhishwa kwegesi. Ubukhulu balokhu kukhishwa kwegesi bugqamisa isidingo sezinqubo ezisimeme kanye nezinye izixazululo ngaphakathi kwemboni yezolimo yezilwane ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wayo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.

Ukulima okujulile kwehlisa izinga lomhlabathi

Izindlela zokulima eziqinile zikhonjiswe ukuthi zinomthelela omubi eqophelweni lomhlabathi. Ukuthembela kumanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye ne-monocropping, kuholela ekuncipheni kwezakhi ezibalulekile kanye nama-microorganisms ngaphakathi kwenhlabathi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo kungadala ukungalingani emazingeni omsoco, kuyilapho izibulala-zinambuzane zingaphazamisa isimiso semvelo esibucayi sezinto eziphilayo ezinenzuzo ezifaka isandla empilweni yenhlabathi. Ukwengeza, ukutshalwa okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo esisodwa endaweni eyodwa esikhathini eside kungaholela ekugugulekeni nasekucineni komhlabathi. Le mithelela engemihle eqophelweni lenhlabathi ayiphazamisi nje kuphela ukukhiqiza nokusimama kwezinhlelo zezolimo kodwa futhi inemiphumela ebanzi yendawo ezungezile, njengokunyuka kokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukubhekana nokunciphisa lezi zinkinga kubalulekile ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside kanye nokusimama kwezinhlelo zethu zokukhiqiza ukudla.

Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kungasiza

Elinye isu elisebenzayo lokubhekana nomthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama. Ukudla inyama encane kungaba nezinzuzo ezibalulekile emvelweni. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kudinga isamba esikhulu somhlaba, amanzi, nemithombo yokudla, okunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukuntuleka kwamanzi, nokwanda kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Ngokunciphisa ukudla kwethu inyama, singasiza ekwehliseni ubunzima kulezi zinsiza futhi sinciphise i-carbon footprint yethu. Ukwengeza, imikhuba yokulima ejulile ehlotshaniswa nokulima kwezilwane ngokuvamile ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics, okungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic futhi abeke izingozi empilweni yabantu. Ngokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, singakhuthaza uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile nolunempilo sibe sinciphisa umthelela wethu kwezemvelo.

Sengiphetha, umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu awunakushaywa indiva. Inani elimangalisayo lezinto ezikhishwayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuvela kule mboni kuwusongo olukhulu endaweni yethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi sithathe isinyathelo futhi senze izinguquko ukuze sinciphise ukuthembela kwethu emikhiqizweni yezilwane ukuze sinciphise imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi nezilungile mayelana nokusebenzisa kwethu ukudla, singasebenzela ukudala ikusasa elizinzile leplanethi yethu. Sekuyisikhathi sokuvuma iqhaza lezolimo zezilwane ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi sisebenzele ukuthola izixazululo zomhlaba onempilo futhi ozinzile.

FAQ

Ukulima kwezilwane kufaka isandla kanjani ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?

Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuyimbangela enkulu yokukhishwa kwe-methane, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Okwesibili, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane kudinga ukutshalwa kwenani elikhulu lomhlabathi, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ukwengeza, ubulongwe obukhiqizwa imfuyo bukhipha i-nitrous oxide, enye igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Okokugcina, izinqubo ezidinga amandla amakhulu ezihilelekile ekucutshungulweni kwenyama, ukuthuthwa, kanye nesiqandisi nazo zinomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Sekukonke, ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu futhi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kungasiza ekwehliseni umthelela wayo kwezemvelo.

Yimiphi imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwegesi elivela ekulima kwezilwane futhi iba nomthelela kanjani emvelweni?

Imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwezolimo zezilwane i-methane ne-nitrous oxide. I-methane ikhiqizwa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezelusayo njengezinkomo nezimvu, kuyilapho i-nitrous oxide ikhishwa emfucumfucwini yezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo owenziwe. Lokhu kukhishwa kunomthelela ekunqwabelaneni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, ukulima kwezilwane kuyimbangela enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, njengoba umhlaba uyasuswa ukuze kukhiqizwe amadlelo nokudla. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezihlahla kunciphisa amandla oMhlaba okumunca isikhutha futhi kunomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Sekukonke, umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ubalulekile futhi udinga izindlela zokulima ezisimeme.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe imfuyo kunamthelela muni ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu?

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe imfuyo kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, izihlahla zinendima ebalulekile ekumunceni isikhutha emkhathini, ngakho lapho amahlathi egawulwa, lo sinki we-carbon wemvelo uyancipha, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushiswa kwezihlahla kukhipha isikhutha esigcinwe emoyeni. Okwesibili, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa imvelo ehlukahlukene futhi kuphazamisa imvelo, okungaholela ekungalinganini kwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu sasendaweni. Okokugcina, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kuvame ukubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwamahlathi abe amadlelo noma indawo yezitshalo ukuze kudliwe izilwane, okubuye kube nomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okulandelayo.

Ingabe zikhona izindlela ezisimeme kwezolimo zezilwane ezingasiza ekwehliseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu?

Yebo, kunezinqubo ezimbalwa ezisimeme kwezolimo zezilwane ezingasiza ukunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuphakela ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-methane emfuyweni, ukusebenzisa amasu okuvuselela amadlelo ukuze kubuyiselwe impilo yenhlabathi kanye ne-sequester carbon, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha umquba ukuze kubanjwe futhi kusetshenziswe i-methane ekukhiqizeni amandla, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kweminye imithombo yamaprotheni njengezinambuzane noma ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-agroforestry ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokulima izilwane kungasiza ekuthatheni ikhabhoni futhi kuthuthukise ukusimama. Ngokwamukela lezi zinqubo, umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ungancishiswa, kube nesandla emizamweni yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Yiziphi izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu?

Izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu zihlanganisa ukushintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, ukukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, ukuthuthukisa amasu okuphatha imfuyo, kanye nokutshala izimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kweminye imithombo yamaprotheni. Ngokuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, singanciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane futhi sinciphise ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ahlobene nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo. Izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme, ezifana ne-agroforestry kanye nokudlisa ngokushintshana, kungasiza ukubuyisela i-ecosystem kanye ne-sequester carbon. Izindlela zokuphatha imfuyo, njengokuthwebula i-methane kanye nokuphathwa kwezakhi zomzimba, zinganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kweminye imithombo yamaprotheni, njengenyama etshalwe elebhu noma ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, kunganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane.