Ukulima kwasefektri, okwaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezimboni, kuyindlela yesimanje yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezilwane eningi njengenyama, ubisi, namaqanda. Nakuba kuye kwavumela ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuningi okungabizi, kuye kwahlolwa ngemiphumela yako emibi emvelweni kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokulima kwasefektri empilweni yabantu ivame ukunganakwa. Lokhu kuhlaziya okubucayi kuhlose ukuhlola izindlela ezahlukene ukulima kwasefektri okungathinta ngazo impilo yabantu, kokubili ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic nama-hormone kuya ekusakazekeni kwezifo okungenzeka, lesi sihloko sizohlola izingozi ezingaba khona zokudla imikhiqizo evela emapulazini asefektri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlola imiphumela yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha yale mboni kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yabantu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumela engaba khona le ndlela yokukhiqiza ukudla engaba nayo enhlalakahleni yethu. Ngokuhlaziya ngokujulile imiphumela yokulima kwasefektri empilweni yabantu, singathola ukuqonda okungcono ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha kwethu ukudla.
Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuholela ekungcoleni
Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi ezimbonini ezahlukene ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokungcola. Le nkinga ivela ngenxa yezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi ezinganele, izindawo zokukhiqiza ezingahlanzekile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Uma imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu, kunengozi enkulu yokungcola okwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Imikhiqizo engcolisiwe ingangena emakethe futhi ifinyelele kubathengi, okuholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zezempilo, kusukela ezifweni ezibangelwa ukudla kuya ekuphenduleni okubi okubangelwa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni zibeke phambili imigomo eqinile yokulawula ikhwalithi futhi zisebenzise izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa izingozi zokungcola ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, zingavikela impilo yomphakathi futhi zenze abathengi bathembele emikhiqizweni abayikhiqizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kubeka engcupheni impilo
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ezimbonini ezahlukene kubeka izingozi ezinkulu zempilo kubasebenzi nakubathengi ngokufanayo. Amakhemikhali avame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, kwezolimo, ngisho nasemikhiqizweni yansuku zonke esiyisebenzisayo, njengezinto zokuhlanza nezinto zokunakekela umuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, amaningi ala makhemikhali ahlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi yezempilo, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukungezwani komzimba, ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni, ngisho nomdlavuza. Ukuchayeka kulezi zinto eziyingozi kungenzeka ngokuxhumana ngqo, ukuhogela umusi, noma ukugwinya, futhi imiphumela ingaba isikhathi eside futhi ibe nzima. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni zibeke phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela eziphephile, zisebenzise imikhuba efanele yokuphatha nokugcina, futhi zinikeze izinyathelo zokuvikela ezanele kubasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zempilo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi kufanele baziswe futhi banikwe amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo abayithengayo, bakhethe leyo ebeka phambili ukuphepha futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angaba yingozi. Ngokubhekana nalezi zinkinga, singavikela impilo yabantu futhi sakhe indawo ephephile kubo bonke.
Ukuntuleka kokwehlukahlukana kubangela izifo
Ukuntuleka kokwehlukahlukana phakathi kwabantu kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni iyonke kanye nokuthambekela ezifweni. Ukwakheka kwethu kwezakhi zofuzo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthambekela kwethu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukuntuleka kokwehlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo kungashiya inani labantu lisengozini enkulu ezimweni ezithile zempilo. Kubantu abahlukahlukene, abantu baphatha izinhlobo eziningi zokwehlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo ezinganikeza isivikelo ezifweni ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanokuhlukahlukana okulinganiselwe kwezakhi zofuzo, amathuba okuba sengozini yokwabiwa kwezakhi zofuzo ayanda, okuvula indlela yokusabalala kanye nokusabalala kwezifo ezithile. Lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu kubantu abancane, abahlukanisiwe noma emiphakathini lapho ukwehlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo kulinganiselwe ngokwemvelo. Ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kokwehlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo nokukhuthaza abantu abahlukahlukene, singalwela ukunciphisa izingozi ezihambisana nezifo ezithile futhi sithuthukise imiphumela yezempilo iyonke emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyanda
Ukuvela nokusabalala kokumelana nama-antibiotic kuyingozi enkulu empilweni yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke. Ama-antibiotic, ake abhekwa njengemithi emangalisayo, alahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngokumelene nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Lokhu kwanda kokumelana nama-antibiotic kungabangelwa yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic kokubili emikhakheni yabantu neyezilwane. Emkhakheni wezolimo zasefektri, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic njengabagqugquzeli bokukhula emfuyweni kunegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-bacteria amelana nawo. Lawa ma-bacteria angadluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana okuqondile, ukudla ukudla okungcolile, noma ukungcola kwemvelo. Ukwanda kwezifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic akugcini nje ngokubangela izinselele ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile kodwa futhi kwandisa izindleko zezempilo futhi kubeka engcupheni yokutheleleka okungelapheki esikhathini esizayo. Imizamo yokulwa nokumelana nama-antibiotic idinga indlela ephelele, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokuhlakanipha kokubili emikhakheni yezempilo yabantu neyezilwane, ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukutheleleka, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-antibiotic amasha kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezihlukile. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yokumelana nama-antibiotic emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yabantu futhi kulondolozwe ukusebenza kahle kwale mithi esindisa impilo.
Izithasiselo eziyingozi zithinta impilo yabathengi
Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi izithasiselo eziyingozi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokudla zingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabathengi. Lezi zithasiselo, ezifaka phakathi izithasiselo, izinongo zokwenziwa, kanye nemibala, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, ukubukeka, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi sokudla okucutshungulwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezahlukene zezempilo ezifana nokungezwani komzimba, ukusebenza ngokweqile, ngisho nezimo zesikhathi eside njengomdlavuza. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zithasiselo embonini yokudla kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngezingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa abathengi, ikakhulukazi uma zidliwa njalo isikhathi eside. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu ukubaluleka kokudla okunempilo, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo eziyingozi futhi kubeke phambili ukukhuthazwa kwezinketho zokudla zemvelo nezinomsoco ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi.
Okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhamzimba emikhiqizweni
Okunye okukhathazayo okuhlobene nokulima kwasefektri okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhamzimba okutholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi yayo. Imikhuba yokulima kwasefektri ivame ukubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo kunokudla okukhiqizwayo. Izilwane ezikhuliswe ezimweni ezixinene nezicindezelayo zivame ukuphakelwa ukudla okushibhile nokusezingeni eliphansi, okungenazo izakhamzimba ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic nama-hormone okukhula kulimaza kakhulu inani lokudla okunempilo lemikhiqizo yokugcina. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengi bangase badle inyama, ubisi, namaqanda ngokungazi antula amavithamini abalulekile, amaminerali, kanye nama-antioxidants adingekayo ekugcineni impilo enhle. Lokhu kuntuleka kokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu, okuhlanganisa nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, kanye nezimo zenhliziyo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqaphele ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo okungaba khona emikhiqizweni efuywa efektri futhi bacabangele ukukhetha izinketho zokudla ezitholakala ngokuqhubekayo nangokufanele ezibeka phambili inani lokudla okunempilo.
Ingozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezibangelwa ukudla
Imikhuba yokulima efektri nayo inegalelo ekwandeni kwengozi yezifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Izimo eziminyene nezingcolile lapho izilwane zikhuliswa khona zinikeza indawo ekahle yokwanda kwamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella, i-E. coli, neCampylobacter. Lawa magciwane angangcolisa inyama, amaqanda, nemikhiqizo yobisi, okubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni efektri kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo zamagciwane amelana namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukwelapha nokulawula ukuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Ukuntuleka komthethonqubo nokuqapha okufanele embonini kuyayikhulisa inkinga, njengoba imikhiqizo engcolile ingase ingatholakali futhi isuswe emakethe ngesikhathi esifanele. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yezifo ezibangelwa ukudla ezihambisana nokulima efektri ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi futhi kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwezifo ezingaba yingozi empilweni.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuthinta impilo yabantu
Imiphumela emibi yokungcola kwemvelo empilweni yabantu ayinakweqiswa. Ukuchayeka ezingcoleni emoyeni, emanzini, nasenhlabathini kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo, kusukela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula kuya ezinkingeni zezinzwa ngisho nomdlavuza. Ukungcoliswa komoya, okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezimbonini, ezimotweni, nakweminye imithombo, kungenza izimo zokuphefumula ezikhona zibe zimbi kakhulu njenge-asthma kanye ne-bronchitis zibe zimbi kakhulu, futhi kwandise ingozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, okubangelwa yimfucuza yezimboni kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ezolimo, kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi okuphuza futhi kuholele ezifweni zesisu kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, okuvame ukubangelwa ukulahlwa okungafanele kwemfucuza eyingozi, kungangcolisa izitshalo futhi kufake isandla ekubeni khona kwezinto ezinobuthi ochungechungeni lwethu lokudla. Umthelela wokungcoliswa kwemvelo empilweni yabantu uyinkinga ebalulekile edinga ukunakwa okusheshayo kanye nezinyathelo eziphelele zokunciphisa imiphumela yayo eyingozi.
Umthelela omubi emiphakathini yasendaweni
Ukuba khona kwamapulazi ezimboni emiphakathini yendawo kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komphakathi. Omunye wemiphumela esobala kakhulu ukwehla kwekhwalithi yomoya. Amapulazi ezimboni akhipha inani elikhulu lokungcola komoya njenge-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, kanye nezinto ezincane emoyeni ozungezile. Lokhu kungcola kungabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula futhi kubhebhethekise izimo zokuphefumula ezikhona phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi. Iphunga elibi elikhishwa amapulazi ezimboni lingadala nendawo yokuhlala engathandeki, lithinte ikhwalithi yokuphila kwezakhamuzi eziseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic nama-hormone okukhula ekulimeni kwezimboni kungaholela ekuveleni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okusongela impilo yomphakathi. Imiphumela emibi emiphakathini yendawo ngenxa yokulima kwezimboni igcizelela isidingo semikhuba yezolimo enomthwalo wemfanelo neqhubekayo ebeka phambili inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nemvelo.
Ukubaluleka kwemikhuba yokulima esimeme
Imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nemiphumela emibi yokulima kwasefektri empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima eziqhubekayo, njengokulima okungokwemvelo, ezolimo ezivuselelayo, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, abalimi banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, banciphise ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, futhi bakhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le mikhuba ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi yokudla okukhiqizwayo kodwa futhi ivikela impilo yabathengi. Ukulima okuzinzile kugcizelela nokuphathwa kwezilwane ngendlela enobuntu, kugwenywe ukuminyana nezimo ezicindezelayo ezivame emapulazini asefektri. Ngokubeka phambili imikhuba yokulima eqhubekayo, singavikela impilo yethu, sikhuthaze ukuphathwa kwemvelo, futhi siqinisekise ikusasa eliqhubekayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ekuphetheni, kusobala ukuthi ukulima kwasefektri kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yabantu. Kusukela ekusebenziseni ngokweqile ama-antibiotic okuholela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane angamelani nama-antibiotic, kuya ekungcoleni nasekungcoleni komoya namanzi ethu, kusobala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane okuthuthukisiwe kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuzifundisa nokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngokudla esikudlayo ukuze singagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa impilo yethu, kodwa futhi sikhuthaze imikhuba eqhubekayo neyokuziphatha embonini yokudla. Sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga kabusha ngokuthembela kwethu ekulimeni kwasefektri futhi sihlole ezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo zokukhiqiza ukudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yethu kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu.
Imininingo Evamile
Ukulima kwasefektri kunegalelo kanjani ekwandeni kokumelana nama-antibiotic futhi yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu?
Ukulima kwasefektri kunegalelo ekusabalaleni kokumelana nama-antibiotic ngokunikeza izilwane njalo ama-antibiotic ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo ezimweni eziminyene nezingcolile. Lo mkhuba uvumela amabhaktheriya ukuthi athuthukise ukumelana nale mithi, engadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile noma ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu ihlanganisa ubunzima obandayo ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile, amazinga aphezulu okufa, kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezikhuphukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalala kokumelana nama-antibiotic kungaholela ekuveleni kwama-superbugs, amelana nama-antibiotic amaningi futhi abeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi.
Yiziphi izingozi ezinkulu zempilo ezihlobene nokudla inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe emapulazini efektri?
Ukudla inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe emapulazini efektri kungaba nezingozi eziningana zempilo. Okokuqala, lezi zilwane zivame ukunikezwa ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela izifo, okungaholela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic kubantu. Okwesibili, izilwane ezifuywa efektri zingase zondliwe ngezitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo, ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphezulu amafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol etholakala enyameni nasemikhiqizo yobisi evela emapulazini efektri ahlotshaniswa nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izimo zokulima eziqinile zingase ziholele ekungcolisweni kwenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ngamagciwane ayingozi, njenge-E. coli kanye ne-Salmonella, angabangela izifo ezibangelwa ukudla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula nezinye izithasiselo ekulimeni kwezimboni kuyithinta kanjani impilo yabantu?
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula nezinye izithasiselo ekulimeni kwezimboni kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. La makhemikhali angaqongelela enyameni, ubisi, nasemaqandeni akhiqizwa yizilwane ezifuywa efektri futhi angaba yingozi kubathengi. Izifundo zixhumanise ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezithile zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukungalingani kwama-hormone, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokulima efektri, njengokuminyana ngokweqile kanye nezimo ezingahlanzekile, ingafaka isandla ekusabalaleni kwezifo ezingathinta impilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zingozi ezingaba khona empilweni futhi ucabangele ezinye izindlela zokudla eziqhubekayo.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside kubasebenzi emapulazini efektri, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi?
Yebo, izisebenzi ezisemapulazini efektri zingabhekana nemiphumela yempilo yesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi. Izimo ezivalekile nezixineneyo kula mapulazi zingaholela emazingeni aphezulu othuli, i-ammonia, kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, ezingaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zingase zivezwe kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa enkambisweni yokukhulisa izilwane, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-antibiotic, kanye nezibulala-magciwane, okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yazo. Imisebenzi ephindaphindayo nedinga amandla emzimbeni ehilelekile ekulimeni efektri ingadala nezinkinga zemisipha nokulimala kwabasebenzi.
Yiziphi ezinye izixazululo noma ezinye izindlela ezingaba khona esikhundleni sokulima kwasefektri ezingasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yezempilo kubantu?
Ezinye izixazululo noma ezinye izindlela ezingaba khona zokulima efektri ezingasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yezempilo kubantu zifaka phakathi ukukhuthaza nokusekela imikhuba yokulima yemvelo, ukukhuthaza ezolimo zasendaweni nezisimeme, ukusebenzisa imithethonqubo eqinile kanye nezindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokuphepha kokudla, ukukhuthaza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, kanye nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithombo ehlukile yamaprotheni njengenyama ekhuliswe kahle noma ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela izinhlelo zokulima ezincane, ezahlukahlukene, ukukhuthaza imikhuba yezolimo kanye nezolimo ezivuselelayo, kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulima etafuleni nakho kungasiza ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokudla okunempilo.
