Umkhuba wokulima imink nezimpungushe zoboya bazo sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindaba eyimpikiswano, evusa izinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane, izimiso zokuziphatha, nokusimama kwemvelo. Nakuba abasekeli bephikisana ngezinzuzo zezomnotho nemfashini yokunethezeka, abaphikisi bagqamisa unya nokuhlupheka okungokwemvelo okwalethwa kulezi zilwane. Le ndaba idingida amaqiniso abuhlungu ama-mink nezimpungushe ezifuywayo abhekana nazo, igcizelela ukukhathazeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nemithelela yokuziphatha yokuxhaphaza lezi zidalwa ukuze kuzuze abantu.
Impilo Ekuthunjweni
Ukuphila ekuthunjweni kwe-mink nezimpungushe ezifuywayo kuwukusuka kude enkululekweni nokuzimela ababengakuthola ezindaweni zabo zemvelo. Esikhundleni sokuzulazula ezindaweni eziwudedangendlale, zizingele inyamazane, futhi zihlanganyele ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, lezi zilwane zivalelwe ezinkanjini ezincane zocingo impilo yazo yonke. Lokhu kuvalelwa kubaphuca imizwelo yabo engokwemvelo eyisisekelo kanye nokuziphatha, okubenza baphile ukuphila okujabulisayo, ingcindezi, nokuhlupheka.
Amakheji lapho kugcinwa khona i-mink nezimpungushe ngokuvamile ayinyumba futhi ayinakho ukunothisa. Njengoba kunendawo elinganiselwe yokuhambahamba, abakwazi ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ebalulekile yokuphila kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngemink, eyaziwa ngobunjalo bayo obuphakathi kwamanzi, ukungabibikho kwamanzi okubhukuda nokutshuza kuyakhathaza kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, izimpungushe, ezaziwa ngokuba nekhono nobuqili, zincishwa amathuba okuhlola nokukhombisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo njengokumba nokumaka iphunga.
Ukuminyana kwandisa izimo ezivele zimbi kakhulu emapulazini oboya, njengoba izilwane eziningi ziminyene emakhejini amancane, ngokuvamile ngokunganaki ukunethezeka noma ukuphepha kwazo. Lokhu kugcwala kungabangela ulaka, ukulimala, ngisho nokudla inyama phakathi kwezilwane ezithunjiwe. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka njalo endle nomchamo ezindaweni eziseduze kangaka kudala izimo ezingahlanzekile, okwandisa ingozi yezifo nokungenwa izifo.
Ukuxhashazwa ngokuzala kuhlanganisa ukuhlupheka kwe-mink nezimpungushe ezifuywayo. Izilwane ezinsikazi zibhekana nemijikelezo yokuzalanisa eqhubekayo, ziphoqeleka ukuthi zithwale udoti ngemva kodoti ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa koboya. Lesi sidingo esingapheli sokuzala sithinta imizimba yabo, okuholela ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba kanye nokuba sengozini enkulu yezinkinga zempilo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inzalo ezalelwe ekuthunjweni izuza ifa lokuphila kokuboshwa nokuxhashazwa, iqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuhlupheka ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukuthunjwa okungokwengqondo mhlawumbe kungenye yezinto ezinganakwa kakhulu ekufuyweni koboya. Izimpungushe nezimpungushe ziyizidalwa ezihlakaniphile, ezizwelayo ezikwazi ukubhekana nezinhlobonhlobo zemizwa, okuhlanganisa isithukuthezi, ukukhungatheka, nokuphelelwa ithemba. Njengoba zinqatshelwe ukukhuthazwa nokusebenzelana komphakathi, lezi zilwane ziphelelwa amandla esimweni sokucindezeleka okukhulu, imizwa yazo yemvelo icindezelwa imingcele yamakheji azo.
Ukuphila ekuthunjweni kwe-mink nezimpungushe ezifuywayo kuwukuphila okunonya nokungezona ezemvelo, okubonakala ngokuvalelwa, ukuswela, nokuhlupheka. Unya olungokwemvelo lokufuywa koboya, nokungahloniphi inhlalakahle yezidalwa ezinemizwa, kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuguqulwa kwesimilo kanye nozwelo olukhulu ezilwaneni. Njengabaphathi balo mhlaba, kuwumthwalo wethu ukumela amalungelo nenhlalakahle yazo zonke izidalwa, siqinisekise ukuthi ziphathwa ngesithunzi nenhlonipho ezizifanele. Kuphela ngomzamo ohlangene wokuqeda ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane ukuze sizuze lapho singakwazi khona ngempela ukudala izwe elinobulungisa nelinozwelo.
Zingaki izilwane ezibulawa emhlabeni wonke emapulazini oboya?
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuthembela kwemboni yezemfashini eboya bangempela kuyimbangela yempikiswano, njengoba izigidi zezilwane ezifuywa futhi zibulawa unyaka ngamunye ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo semikhiqizo yoboya. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje kube noshintsho oluphawulekayo ezimotweni nasezenzweni, njengoba abathengi, abathengisi, abaklami, nabenzi bezinqubomgomo baqhubeka befulathela uboya bangempela ukuze bakhethe ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha nezisimeme.
Izibalo zidweba isithombe esicacile salolu shintsho. Ngo-2014, imboni yoboya emhlabeni wonke yaba nezibalo ezimangalisayo, iYurophu ehamba phambili ngokukhiqiza ngezigidi ezingu-43.6, yalandelwa iChina ngezigidi ezingu-87, iNyakatho Melika ngezigidi ezingu-7.2, neRussia eyizigidi ezingu-1.7. Ngo-2018, kube nokwehla okuphawulekayo kokukhiqizwa koboya kuzo zonke izifunda, iYurophu iyizigidi ezingu-38.3, iChina iyizigidi ezingu-50.4, iNyakatho Melika ezigidini ezingu-4.9, kanye neRussia ezigidini ezingu-1.9. Ngokushesha phambili ku-2021, futhi ukwehla kuzwakala nakakhulu, iYurophu ikhiqiza izigidi ezingu-12, i-China 27 million, iNyakatho Melika 2.3 million, neRussia 600,000.
Lokhu kuncipha kokukhiqizwa koboya kungabangelwa izici ezimbalwa. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwemizwa yomthengi maqondana noboya. Ukwenyuka kokuqwashisa ngezindaba zenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nemithelela yesimilo sokufuywa koboya kuye kwaholela abathengi abaningi ukuba bagweme uboya bangempela bakhethe ezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya. Abathengisi nabaklami nabo babambe iqhaza elibalulekile kulolu shintsho, abaningi bakhetha ukungalisebenzisi uboya bephendula isidingo sabathengi kanye namazinga omkhakha athuthukayo.
Ingabe ukufuya uboya kuwunya?
Yebo, ukufuya uboya kuwunya ngokungenakuphikwa. Izilwane ezifuyelwa uboya bazo, njengezimpungushe, onogwaja, izinja zama-raccoon ne-mink, zibekezelela ukuphila kokuhlupheka okungenakucatshangwa nokuswela emapulazini oboya. Njengoba zivalelwe emakhejini amancane, angenalutho impilo yazo yonke, lezi zidalwa zinqatshelwa inkululeko eyisisekelo namathuba okuveza ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo.
Izimo zokuvalelwa emapulazini oboya zicindezela ngokwemvelo futhi zilimaza impilo yezilwane. Njengoba zingakwazi ukuzulazula, ukumba, noma ukuhlola njengoba bezingenza endle, lezi zilwane ezikhuthele ngokwemvelo nezinelukuluku ziphoqeleka ukuba zibekezelele ukuphila kokunye nokuvalelwa. Ezinhlotsheni eziphila ngaphansi kwamanzi njengemink, ukungabibikho kwamanzi okubhukuda nokutshuza kuhlanganisa ukuhlupheka kwazo.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izilwane ezigcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo eziminyene nezingezona ezemvelo ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuziphatha okungokwengqondo okubonisa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, njengokuhamba kancane, ukuzungeza, nokuzilimaza. Ukungakwazi ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo kungaholela ekucikekeni okujulile, ukukhungatheka, nokulimala kwengqondo kwalezi zilwane ezithunjiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphenyo emapulazini oboya, ngisho nalawo abhalwe “njengenhlalakahle ephezulu,” seluveze izehlakalo ezishaqisayo zonya nokunganakwa. Imibiko evela emapulazini aseFinland, eRomania, eChina nakwamanye amazwe ibhale phansi izimo ezidabukisayo, ezihlanganisa ukuminyana, ukunganakekeli odokotela bezilwane kanye nezifo ezidlangile. Izilwane kula mapulazi zihlushwa amanxeba avulekile, izitho zomzimba ezikhubazekile, amehlo anesifo, nezinye izinkinga zezempilo, ezinye ziqhutshwa ubuzimuzimu noma ukuziphatha okunonya ngenxa yengcindezi yokuvalelwa.
Ukuhlupheka okubhekana nezilwane emapulazini oboya akugcini nje enhlalakahleni yazo engokwenyama kodwa kudlulela nempilo yazo engokomzwelo nengokwengqondo. Lezi zidalwa ezizwelayo zibhekana nokwesaba, ubuhlungu, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokujulile njenganoma yisiphi esinye isidalwa, nokho ukuhlupheka kwazo kuvame ukushaywa indiva noma kuchithwe ngenxa yokuphishekela inzuzo nokunethezeka.
Zibulawa kanjani izilwane emapulazini oboya?
Izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala izilwane emapulazini oboya ngokuvamile zinonya futhi zingenabuntu, ngokunganaki ukuhlupheka nenhlalakahle yezilwane ezihilelekile. Lapho ama-pellets abo ethathwa njengasesezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele unyaka owodwa ubudala, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqedwe izimpilo zabo, kusukela ekuqhunyisweni kwegesi nokushaywa ugesi kuya ekushayweni nasekuphuke intamo.
Igesi iyindlela evamile esetshenziswa emapulazini oboya, lapho izilwane zifakwa emakamelweni egesi futhi zichayeke emagesi abulalayo njenge-carbon monoxide. Le nqubo ihloselwe ukubangela ukuquleka nokufa ngokuphelelwa umoya, kodwa kungase kucindezele kakhulu futhi kube buhlungu ezilwaneni.
I-electrocution kungenye indlela esetshenziswa njalo, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezinjenge-mink. Kule nqubo, izilwane zibhekana nokushaqeka kukagesi okulethwa ngama-electrode, okubangela ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nokufa. Kodwa-ke, ukushaqeka kukagesi kungabangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba izilwane zife ekugcineni.
Ukushaya kuyindlela enonya newubuqaba esetshenziswa kwamanye amapulazi oboya, lapho izilwane zingase ziboshwe ngezinto ezibuthuntu noma zishaywe ngokuphindaphindiwe zize ziquleke noma zife. Le ndlela ingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuhlukumezeka, nokuhlupheka isikhathi eside ezilwaneni ezithintekayo.
I-neck-breaking enye indlela esetshenziselwa ukubulala izilwane emapulazini oboya, lapho izintamo zazo zihlwithwa noma zephulwe ngomzamo wokuzibulala ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ukubulawa okungafanele noma okungafanele kungabangela ukuhlupheka nokucindezeleka isikhathi eside ezilwaneni.
Izigameko zonya oludlulele ezichazwe ophenyweni lukaDisemba 2015 olwenziwa yiHumane Society International (HSI) eChina ziphazamisa kakhulu futhi zigqamisa ukunganakwa okungenangqondo kwenhlalakahle yezilwane embonini yoboya. Izimpungushe ezishaywa zize zife, onogwaja baboshwe ngamaketanga bese bebulawa, nezinja zama-raccoon zikhishwa isikhumba zisangulukile kuyizibonelo ezicacile zobubi obenziwa ezilwaneni emapulazini oboya.
Sekukonke, izindlela zokubulala ezisetshenziswa emapulazini oboya akuzona nje kuphela ezinonya futhi ezinonya kodwa futhi azidingeki emphakathini wanamuhla owazisa ububele nokuhlonipha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Lezi zinqubo zigcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuguqulwa kwesimilo kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinye izindlela ezinobuntu embonini yemfashini.
Ukuxhashazwa Ngokuzala
I-mink kanye nezimpungushe ezifuywayo zivame ukuxhashazwa ukuzala, kanti abesifazane bagcinwa emjikelezweni oqhubekayo wokukhulelwa kanye nokuncelisa ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa koboya. Lokhu kuzalanisa okungapheli kulimaza imizimba yabo, okuholela ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba kanye nokuba sengozini enkulu ezindabeni zezempilo. Ngaleso sikhathi, inzalo ezalelwe ekuthunjweni ibhekana nesiphetho esibi esifanayo nesabazali bayo, abamiselwe ukuchitha izimpilo zabo bevalelwe kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni ihlatshwa ngenxa yoboya bayo.
Ngenzenjani Ukuze Ngisize?
Imibiko eshaqisayo iveza ukuthi akuzona nje kuphela izilwane ezinjengezimpungushe, onogwaja, nomink abaphathwa ngesihluku, kodwa ngisho namakati nezinja ngokuvamile zikhishwa isikhumba ziphila ngenxa yoboya bazo. Lo mkhuba ongenabuntu awugcini nje ngokusoleka ngokokuziphatha kodwa futhi uqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semithetho eqinile nokuqiniswa komthetho ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane kulolo nya olushaqisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhalwa ngokungeyikho kwemikhiqizo yoboya kuvumela lobu bubi ukuthi bungabonakali kubathengi abangaqaphile emazweni emhlabeni wonke. Uboya obuvela emakati, izinja, nezinye izilwane ngokuvamile bubhalwa ngokungeyikho noma buhlanekezelwe ngamabomu, okwenza kube nzima kubathengi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo abayithengayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqwashisa ngalezi zindaba futhi ukhulume noshintsho. Ngokukhuluma ngokumelene nokuhweba ngoboya kanye nokusekela ezinye izindlela ezingenabo uboya, singasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlupheka okuqhubekayo nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane. Ngokubambisana, singasebenzela umhlaba lapho zonke izidalwa ziphathwa ngozwelo nenhlonipho, nalapho imikhuba emibi enjalo ingasabekezelelwa.
