Ezweni lanamuhla elisheshayo nelihlala lishintsha, sekuya ngokuya kulula ukufinyelela inhlobonhlobo yenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ngokunethezeka kokuthenga ku-inthanethi namaketanga amakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu, kubonakala sengathi inyama ethengekayo nezinketho zobisi zihlala zisesandleni sethu. Kodwa-ke, abathengi abaningi abahluleka ukukuqaphela ukuthi ukushibhile akusho kangcono ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekudleni esikufaka emizimbeni yethu. Izindleko zangempela zale mikhiqizo eshibhile zidlulela ngalé kwenani lentengo, okunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yethu, endaweni ezungezile, ngisho nasenhlalakahleni yezilwane. Kulesi sihloko, sibheka izindleko ezifihliwe zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi, sikhanyisela imiphumela emibi evame ukungabonakali lapho siphishekela ukuhwebelana. Ngokuqonda izindleko zangempela zale mikhiqizo, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu njengabathengi futhi sisebenzele ukuthola uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunokuziphatha okuhle.
Umthelela ofihliwe wemvelo wenyama eshibhile
Isidingo somhlaba wonke senyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi siye saholela emiphumeleni ephawulekayo yemvelo evame ukungabonakali. Izindlela zokukhiqiza zezimboni ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo zinomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi. Imfuyo emikhulu idinga umhlaba omningi wokudla kwezilwane, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ngezinga elishaqisayo. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane ezitshalweni eziphakelayo kungangena emithonjeni yamanzi eseduze, kubangele ukungcola futhi kuphazamise imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-methane emfuyweni kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okwenza imboni yenyama ibe negalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esingcolisa umoya. Le mithelela efihlekile yendawo ezungezile igqamisa isidingo sendlela esimeme futhi ecabangelayo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda kanye nokubhekana nezindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Imiphumela yezempilo yokulima efekthri
Ukulima kwasefekthri, okuqhutshwa isidingo senyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi, nakho kunemiphumela ejulile yezempilo edinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Ukuvalelwa kakhulu kwezilwane ezindaweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile kudala indawo ekahle yokuzalela yokubhebhetheka kwezifo. Ama-antibiotics avame ukunikezwa emfuyweni ukulawula izifo ezidlangile, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic abeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yabantu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-hormone okukhula nezinye izithasiselo ekudleni kwezilwane kungathola indlela yazo yenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi edliwa abantu ngabanye, okungase kuphazamise ibhalansi ye-hormone futhi kube nomthelela ezindabeni zezempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphansi lokudla okunikezwa izilwane ezifuywa efekthri kungase kubangele ukuntuleka kwezakhi emikhiqizweni yazo, kuphinde kubeke engcupheni umsoco kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo zenyama nobisi olusetshenziswayo.
Izindleko zokwephulwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane
Ukwephulwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane ngaphakathi kwemboni yenyama neyobisi kuza ngezindleko ezinkulu, kokubili ngokokuziphatha nangokwezomnotho. Ukungaphathwa kahle kanye nokunganakwa kwezilwane emapulazini ezimboni akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngonya lwezilwane kodwa futhi kunemiphumela efinyelela kude empilweni yomphakathi kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Lapho izilwane zingaphansi kwezimo ezinonya, ukucindezeleka, nokuminyana, zisengozini yokuba nezifo, okwandisa ingozi yezifo ezibangelwa ukudla kubathengi. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhunjweni okubizayo, ukulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa kwabathengi, kanye nemiphumela engase ibe khona engokomthetho emabhizinisini atholakala ephula imithetho yezenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela omubi kwezemvelo wokulima kwasefekthri, okuhlanganisa nokungcoliswa kwemfucuza yezilwane kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla kwemfuyo, kuphinde kube nomthelela ezindlekweni zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi edlula ukucatshangelwa kwezimali.
Intengo yangempela yobisi olune-hormone
Izindleko zangempela zobisi olufakwe amahomoni zidlula inani lentengo yomkhiqizo. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ekukhiqizeni ubisi kungase kwandise ukukhiqizwa kobisi kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, kuza ngezindleko empilweni yomphakathi kanye nemvelo. Ama-hormone afana ne-recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) axhunyaniswe nokukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene kwezempilo, okuhlanganisa ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza kanye nokuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yobisi etholakala ezinkomeni ezilashwe ngamahomoni kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okufanelekile mayelana nemiphumela yesikhathi eside engaba khona empilweni yomuntu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ekufuyweni kobisi kunomthelela kumthelela jikelele wezemvelo embonini. Ukukhiqizwa nokulahlwa komquba ogcwele ama-hormone kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi futhi kube nomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okuqhubekisele phambili ubunzima endaweni yethu. Ukuqonda intengo yangempela yobisi olufakwe amahomoni kusho ukunganaki nje kuphela ukufinyeleleka ngokushesha kodwa futhi nobungozi bezempilo obungaba khona kanye nemiphumela yemvelo ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwalo.
Iqiniso ngemuva kwamanani aphansi
Uma kuziwa endabeni yenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ebonakala inenani eliphansi, kubalulekile ukuphenya ngale kobuso futhi uqonde imithelela yangempela. Ngemuva kwalawa mathegi entengo athengekayo kuvame ukuba nezindleko ezifihliwe ezinemiphumela efinyelela kude. Isibonelo, izindlela zokulima ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo senyama eshibhile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi zingaba nomthelela omubi enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izilwane zingase zivalelwe ezindaweni eziminyene, zidliwe ukudla okungekhona okwemvelo, futhi zichayeke ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane namahomoni. Ukwengeza, le mikhuba ingaba nomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, okubhebhethekisa kakhulu ukukhathazeka kwemvelo. Ngokucabangela izindleko zangempela zale mikhiqizo eshibhile, singenza ukukhetha okunolwazi kakhudlwana okubeka kuqala ukusimama, ukuphathwa kahle kwezilwane, nokugcinwa kweplanethi yethu.
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yenyama eshibhile
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokudla inyama eshibhile idlulela ngalé kokukhathazeka ngokushesha kwenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nomthelela emvelweni. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwenyama eshibhile, evame ukutholakala ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezibucayi zokulima, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuphakelwa ukudla okusanhlamvu okuningi kanye nezakhamzimba eziphansi, okuholela emazingeni aphansi amavithamini abalulekile, amaminerali, namafutha anempilo enyameni yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics kanye nama-hormone okukhula kulezi zinqubo zokulima kungase kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okwenza kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ucwaningo luphinde lwahlobanisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwenyama egayiwe eshibhile nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo senhliziyo, ukukhuluphala, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukucabangela imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokudla esikudlayo futhi sibeke eqhulwini ukusetshenziswa kwenyama etholakala ngokusimeme nangendlela efanele ukuze kuvikelwe inhlalakahle yethu kanye nenhlalakahle yomhlaba.
Ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha ngokulima kwefekthri
Umkhuba osabalele wokulima emafekthri uphakamisa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Izilwane ezivalelwe ezindaweni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile zivame ukuba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Abakwazi ukukhombisa ukuziphatha kwabo kwemvelo, njengokuzulazula ngokukhululeka noma ukuhlanganyela ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, okuholela ekuncipheni kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Imikhuba enjengokuxegisa, ukumisa umsila, nokuthena ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa kunomthelela ekuhluphekeni kwabo. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamakheji aminyene kanye namakhreyithi okumitha avimbela izingulube zokuzalanisa kwandisa ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nokulima kwasefekthri. Lezi zenzo ezingenabo ubuntu zigqamisa isidingo sokuguqukela kwezinye izindlela ezinozwelo nezisimeme emisebenzini yethu yezolimo.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngokukhiqizwa ngobuningi
Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngokweqile kwenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi kunemiphumela ejulile nefinyelela kude kwezemvelo. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko umthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Imfuyo emikhulu idinga indawo enkulu yokuklama nokutshala izitshalo zokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo, kuhlanganise namahlathi nezindawo ezinotshani, zigawulwa ngesivinini esishaqisayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esandayo sokulima kwezilwane. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi akugcini nje ngokuqeda izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kukhiphela isikhutha esiningi emkhathini, kube nengxenye ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kukhiqiza imfucuza eningi, okuhlanganisa ubulongwe bezilwane kanye nokugeleza kwamakhemikhali okuvela ezitshalweni zokudla. Ukulahlwa nokuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwale mikhiqizo kungaholela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, kubeke engcupheni impilo ye-ecosystem kanye nokululaza imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ayigugu. Lezi zinkinga zemvelo zigqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubuyekeza kabusha izinqubo zethu zezolimo zamanje futhi sibheke ezinye izindlela ezisimeme.
Izingozi zempilo yabantu ezivela kuma-antibiotics
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane embonini yenyama neyobisi nakho kuveza izingozi ezinkulu zempilo yabantu. Ama-antibiotics avame ukunikezwa emfuyweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo ezingasakazeka ezimweni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo zezilwane kunomthelela ekuveleni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, aziwa nangokuthi ama-superbugs. Lapho abantu bedla inyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezilashwa ngama-antibiotic, bangakwazi ukugwinya la magciwane amelana ngokungazi, okwenza ama-antibiotic angasebenzi kahle ekwelapheni izifo zabantu. Lokhu kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi, njengoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithi yesimanje futhi kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezisongela ukuphila. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka ezinsalela zama-antibiotic emikhiqizweni yezilwane kungase kube nemiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu, njengokungezwani komzimba kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-gut microbiome.
Sengiphetha, kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqonde izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi. Imiphumela yale mikhiqizo idlula umthelela nje ezikhwameni zethu - futhi inemiphumela elimazayo endaweni ezungezile, inhlalakahle yezilwane, ngisho nempilo yethu siqu. Ngokubheka izindleko zangempela zokukhetha kwethu ukudla kanye nokusekela izindlela zokulima ezizinzile nezinokuziphatha, singenza umthelela omuhle emhlabeni osizungezile.
FAQ
Inyama eshibhile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi inamthelela muni ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
Inyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi inomthelela ekulimazeni imvelo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi kubandakanya ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu ukuze kudliwe imfuyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Okwesibili, izindlela zokulima kakhulu ziholela emazingeni aphezulu e-methane ne-nitrous oxide ekhishwayo, okungamagesi abamba ukushisa anamandla. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo okwenziwa kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ekukhiqizeni ukudla kunomthelela ekungcoleni kwamanzi nasekucekeleni phansi kwenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthwa nokusetshenzwa kwenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi nakho kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubalulekile, okuqhubeka kube nomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Sekukonke, isidingo senyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi siqhuba izinqubo zezolimo ezingasimame ezibhebhethekisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Yiziphi izindleko ezifihliwe ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwenyama eshibhile nobisi, njengomthelela enhlalakahleni yezilwane nempilo yomphakathi?
Izindleko ezifihliwe ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa kwenyama eshibhile nobisi zifaka phakathi izinkinga ezinzima zenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni yomphakathi. Ukukhiqiza okushibhile kuvame ukubandakanya izindlela zokulima eziqinile ezibeka phambili inzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ezimweni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kokudluliselwa kwezifo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics, kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, abeka engcupheni impilo yomuntu. Ukwengeza, ukukhiqiza okushibhile kungase kube nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Sekukonke, izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nobisi zidlulela ngale kwenani lentengo futhi zithinta inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
Izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi zidlulela kanjani ngale kwethegi yentengo, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezibonelelo kanye nezinto zangaphandle?
Izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi zidlulela ngale kwenani lentengo ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezibonelelo kanye nezinto zangaphandle. Izibonelelo ezinikezwa ohulumeni embonini yenyama nezobisi zehlisa ngokungemthetho intengo yale mikhiqizo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi kunomthelela ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle, njengokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, okunezindleko ezinkulu zomnotho, zezenhlalo nezemvelo. Lezi zindleko ezifihliwe, ezingaboniswa emananini, ziwumthwalo umphakathi kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela lezi zici ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Iyini imithelela yesimilo yokuxhasa imboni yenyama neyobisi eshibhile, uma kubhekwa izimo lapho izilwane zikhuliswa futhi zihlatshwa khona?
Ukweseka imboni eshibhile yenyama neyobisi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okubalulekile kokuziphatha ngenxa yezimo lapho izilwane zikhuliswa futhi zihlatshwa khona. Le mboni ivame ukubeka inzuzo kuqala kunenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ezimweni zokuphila ezimpintshana nezingahlanzekile, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nemikhuba yokubulala engenabuntu. Ngokusekela le mboni, abantu ngabanye bafaka isandla ngokungaqondile ekuhluphekeni nasekuxhashazweni kwezilwane. Ngokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izindlela ezinjengokweseka izindlela zokulima zendawo, ezisimeme, nezinobuntu noma ukwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okunciphisa isidingo senyama eshibhile nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Abathengi bangakwazi kanjani ukukhetha ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ukuze baqonde kangcono futhi babhekane nezindleko zangempela?
Abathengi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ngokufuna ulwazi mayelana nezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemithelela yemvelo yemikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nemikhiqizo. Bangabheka amalebula afana nemvelo, afunzwa utshani, noma aphakanyiswe ngendlela efanele, avame ukukhombisa izinqubo ezinobungani nemvelo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukwengeza, abathengi bangacwaninga futhi basekele izinkampani ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, zehlise i-carbon footprint yazo, futhi zikhuthaze izindlela zokulima ezisimeme. Ngokuzifundisa nokusekela amabhizinisi ahambisana nezindinganiso zawo, abathengi bangaqonda kangcono futhi babhekane nezindleko zangempela zenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi.
