Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kuyindaba ephuthumayo engathinti nje kuphela inhlalakahle yezilwane, kodwa futhi nempilo yengqondo yabantu abathintekayo. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kuye kwaqashelwa kabanzi, kodwa kuyaqhubeka nokuba yisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi nesinezici eziningi. Njengoba umphakathi wethu uqaphela futhi ukhathazeka kakhulu ngenhlalakahle yezilwane, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici eziyisisekelo nemiphumela yokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane empilweni yengqondo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nocwaningo olukhulayo oluhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa nezifundo ngabaphehli, izisulu, kanye nofakazi bokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kungathinta khona impilo yengqondo yomuntu, izimbangela ezingaba khona zalokhu kuziphatha, kanye nokubaluleka kokubhekana nale nkinga ukuze kube nenhlalakahle yabantu nezilwane. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nempilo yengqondo, singasebenza ekukhuthazeni umphakathi onozwela nozwela kakhulu kuzo zonke izidalwa.

Iqiniso elibuhlungu lokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kuyinkinga edabukisayo nekhathazayo kakhulu eqhubeka nokuhlupha imiphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Kuyiqiniso elibi ukuthi izilwane eziningi zibhekene nokuhlupheka okungenakucatshangwa ezandleni zabantu, kungaba ngenxa yonya oluhlosiwe, ukunganakwa, noma ukuxhashazwa. Kusukela ekuhlukunyezweni ngokomzimba kuya ekuboshweni ezimweni ezingahlanzekile, izilwane zibhekana nobuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokulimala ngenxa yezenzo zabantu abanganaki inhlalakahle yazo. Lokhu kuphathwa kabi akugcini nje ngokubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu ezilwaneni ezihilelekile kodwa futhi kubonisa ukunganaki ukubaluleka kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane naleli qiniso elinzima futhi sisebenzele ukudala umphakathi ovikela futhi ohlonipha amalungelo ezilwane, njengoba inhlalakahle yabantu nezilwane ihlangene kakhulu.

Umthelela enhlalakahleni yengqondo nengokomzwelo

Umthelela wonya lwezilwane enhlalakahleni yengqondo nengokomzwelo awunakushaywa indiva. Izifundo eziningi zibonise ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kokuchayeka ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele . Ukubona noma ukuqaphela izenzo zonya lwezilwane kungavusa imizwa yokungabi namandla, ukudabuka, kanye nentukuthelo, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu esimweni somuntu esingokomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlanganyela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane bavame ukubonisa izimpawu zokuziphatha okungekuhle kanye nokuntuleka kozwela, okubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi konya lwezilwane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokubhekana nokuvimbela izenzo ezinjalo, hhayi nje ngenxa yenhlalakahle yezilwane kodwa futhi nokulondolozwa kwenhlalakahle yabantu.

Ukuxhumana phakathi konya kanye nokuhlukumezeka

Ukuzwa noma ukubona izenzo zonya ezilwaneni kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu futhi kube nemiphumela ehlala njalo empilweni yengqondo yomuntu. Ukulimala okubangelwa unya ezilwaneni kungabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD) nezinye izifo ezihlobene nokulimala. Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo okubangelwa ukubona noma ukubandakanyeka ezenzweni zonya kungaphazamisa umuzwa womuntu wokuphepha nokuvikeleka, okuholela ekukhathazekeni okukhulu, ekucindezelekeni, kanye nobunzima ekwakheni noma ekugcineni ubudlelwano obunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana phakathi konya nokuhlukumezeka kudlulela ngale komthelela osheshayo kubantu, njengoba ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezenzweni ezinjalo kungaqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wobudlova futhi kuthinte kabi inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Ukuqaphela nokubhekana nokuxhumana phakathi konya nokuhlukumezeka kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni umphakathi onozwela ohlonipha inhlalakahle yabantu nezilwane.

Ukuqonda umjikelezo wobudlova

Kubalulekile ukuqonda umjikelezo wobudlova ukuze kuxazululwe ngempumelelo futhi kuvinjelwe izenzo zobudlova ezilwaneni kanye nomthelela ohambisanayo empilweni yengqondo. Umjikelezo wobudlova uyiphethini eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izigaba eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuqala, ukwanda, kanye nokugcinwa kokuziphatha okuhlukumezayo. Ngokuvamile uqala ngokuchayeka ebudloveni noma ebudloveni, okungathulisa abantu futhi kujwayele ukuziphatha okunobudlova. Labo abaye bahlukunyezwa bangase bafake ubudlova ababubonile ngaphakathi futhi babuphinde ezenzweni zabo. Lokhu kuqhubela phambili umjikelezo omubi, njengoba abantu ababeyizisulu nabo beba abenzi bobubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wobudlova ungadlulela ngale kobudlova bezilwane futhi ubonakale kwezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa, njengobudlova basekhaya noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane. Ngokuqonda lo mjikelezo, singabona izici eziyisisekelo ezifaka isandla ebudloveni futhi sithuthukise ukungenelela okuqondiwe ukuze kuphulwe umjikelezo futhi kukhuthazwe imiphakathi enempilo nenesihawu.

Ukuhlonza izimpawu nezixwayiso

Ukuqaphela izimpawu nezixwayiso kubalulekile ekuboneni amacala angaba khona onya lwezilwane kanye nokuhlobana kwalo nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuqaphela lapho uxhumana nabantu abangase babonise ukuziphatha okuphathelene nezilwane. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokuxwayisa zingafaka phakathi izenzo zokulimaza ngamabomu noma ubudlova ezilwaneni, njengokuhlukumeza ngokomzimba, ukunganaki, noma ukuhlukumeza izilwane ukuze ujabule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanomlando wobudlova noma ukuziphatha okungekuhle emphakathini, ukuntuleka kozwela, noma ukuthakazelela ubudlova ezilwaneni nakho kungaphakamisa ukukhathazeka. Ezinye izinkomba zingafaka phakathi ukubona umuntu ekhombisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma elwa nezinkinga zokulawula intukuthelo. Ukuhlonza lezi zimpawu nezixwayiso kuvumela ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nethuba lokubhekana nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo eziyisisekelo ezingase zibe nomthelela enyameni yezilwane. Ngokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa kanye nemfundo, singakha umphakathi onozwela osebenza ekuvimbeleni kokubili unya lwezilwane kanye nezinselele zempilo yengqondo ezihambisanayo.

Ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa

Ezimweni lapho abantu bebonisa izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa yizilwane kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zempilo yengqondo, ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa kubalulekile. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela bezengqondo noma odokotela bezifo zengqondo, banganikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nokuxilongwa kwesimo sempilo yengqondo yomuntu. Bangaphinde banikeze izindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo noma ukwelashwa okugxile ekuhlukumezekeni, ukubhekana nezinkinga zengqondo eziyisisekelo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuziphatheni kokuhlukunyezwa yizilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu okusekela kanye nezinsizakalo zokwelulekwa kunganikeza indawo ephephile yabantu yokwabelana ngolwazi lwabo, bathole isiqondiso, futhi bafunde izindlela zokubhekana nezimo ezinempilo. Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe kokubili emkhakheni wezempilo yengqondo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane kungadala indlela ephelele yokubhekana nokuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa yizilwane nempilo yengqondo, ekugcineni kukhuthaze inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nezilwane.

Ukuqeda ukuthula kanye nokucwaswa

Ukunciphisa ukusabalala konya lwezilwane kanye nokuxhumana kwalo nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo kudinga ukuqeda ukuthula kanye nokucwaswa okuzungeze lezi zihloko. Ingxoxo evulekile kanye nemfundo kubalulekile ekudaleni ulwazi nokuqondana phakathi kwemiphakathi, ochwepheshe, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Ngokukhuthaza izingxoxo mayelana nemiphumela yengqondo nengokomzwelo yonya lwezilwane, singakhuthaza uzwela, uzwela, kanye nomuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Imikhankaso yokumela, izinkundla zomphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo kungasiza ekuqedeni izinganekwane kanye nemibono eyiphutha, kuthuthukiswe umphakathi ohlonipha inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi oqaphela ukuxhumana phakathi konya lwezilwane nempilo yengqondo. Ngokubhekana nokuthula kanye nokucwaswa, singanika abantu amandla okufuna usizo, ukubika izehlakalo, kanye nokufaka isandla emphakathini ophephile nozwela kakhulu kubantu nasezilwaneni ngokufanayo.

Uzwela nobubele ngezilwane

Ukukhuthaza uzwela nozwela ngezilwane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nokuxhumana phakathi konya lwezilwane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Lapho abantu bethuthukisa ukuqonda okujulile nokuxhumana nezilwane, banamathuba amaningi okuziphatha ngomusa nangenhlonipho. Uzwela ngezilwane luhilela ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwazo ngokwemvelo kanye nekhono lazo lokuzwa ubuhlungu, injabulo, kanye nemizwa. Ngokufaka uzwela emphakathini, singahlakulela isiko lozwela lapho inhlalakahle yezilwane ibekwa phambili. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yengqondo njengoba abantu bethuthukisa umuzwa wenjongo, uxhumano, kanye nozwela kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Ngemfundo, imikhankaso yokuqwashisa, kanye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle nezilwane, singakhuthaza umphakathi ohlonipha inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi oqonda umthelela omkhulu ukuphathwa kabi kwazo okungaba nawo empilweni yengqondo.

Ukukhuthaza ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula

Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza indawo yokuqondana nokuhloniphana. Lokhu kuqala ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kanye nesithunzi somuntu ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki isizinda noma ukungafani kwakhe. Ngokwamukela ukuhlukahluka kanye nokufuna ngenkuthalo ukuvala ukwahlukana, singakha umphakathi ohlonipha ukubandakanywa futhi okhuthaza ukuzwana. Ukukhuthaza ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula kuhilela nokukhuthaza ukuxazulula izingxabano ngokuthula, ukukhuthaza ingxoxo evulekile, kanye nokuhlakulela uzwela kwabanye. Kungale mizamo lapho singakha khona umhlaba lapho ukungezwani kugujwa khona, izingxabano zixazululwa ngokuthula, kanye nomqondo ofanayo wobuntu osibopha ndawonye.

Ukwelapha kokubili abantu nezilwane

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane kudlulela ngale kobungani obulula. Kudlulela endaweni yokuphulukisa, lapho isibopho phakathi kwabantu nezilwane singaba nemiphumela ejulile yokwelapha kokubili. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisana nezilwane kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka, kwehlise umfutho wegazi, futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yengqondo iyonke. Yingakho ukwelashwa okusizwa yizilwane kuye kwathandwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zokunakekelwa kwempilo, lapho izilwane eziqeqeshwe zisetshenziswa khona ukusiza ekwelapheni izimo zempilo yomzimba neyengqondo. Uthando olungenamibandela nokwamukelwa okunikezwa yizilwane kungadala indawo ephephile neyondlayo kubantu ngabanye, kubasize ukuba baphulukise amanxeba angokomzwelo futhi bathole induduzo kubangane babo bezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo wemfanelo nokunakekelwa okuhilelekile ekunakekeleni isilwane nakho kunganikeza umuzwa wenjongo nesakhiwo empilweni yomuntu, kukhuthaze umuzwa wokubaluleka nokwaneliseka. Ekuqapheleni amandla okuphulukisa esibopho somuntu nesilwane, singaqhubeka nokuhlola nokusebenzisa lezi zinzuzo zokwelapha ukukhuthaza inhlalakahle yabantu nezilwane ngokufanayo.

Ekuphetheni, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu ngabanye kanye nomphakathi wonke baqaphele ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Ngokubhekana nokuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane, singasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zempilo yengqondo futhi sikhuthaze inhlalakahle iyonke yabantu kanye nezilwane. Njengochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, kungumthwalo wethu ukufundisa nokukhulisa ulwazi ngale ndaba futhi sisebenzele ukudala umphakathi onozwela nozwela kakhulu. Masiqhubeke nokulwela inhlalakahle yazo zonke izidalwa, kokubili abantu kanye nabangebona abantu.

Imininingo Evamile

Ukubona noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane kuyithinta kanjani impilo yengqondo yomuntu?

Ukubona noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yengqondo yomuntu. Kungaholela emizweni yecala, amahloni, nokudabuka, kanye nokukhathazeka okukhulu nokucindezeleka. Ukubona izenzo ezinjalo zobudlova kungase futhi kubangele izimpawu zesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD) kwabanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungalimaza umuzwa womuntu wozwela nobubele, okungase kuholele ekuphelelweni amandla noma engcupheni enkulu yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okunobudlova. Sekukonke, okuhlangenwe nakho kokubona noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane kungaba nemiphumela emibi enhlalakahleni yomuntu engokomzwelo nasempilweni yengqondo.

Ingabe zikhona izinkinga ezithile zempilo yengqondo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu abenza ubudlova ezilwaneni?

Nakuba kungekho nkinga ethile yempilo yengqondo ehlotshaniswa kuphela nabantu abenza unya ezilwaneni, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingase zibonakale kakhulu kubantu abanjalo. Izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okungebona abantu, kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu okunonya kuyizibonelo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abanalezi zinkinga abenza unya ezilwaneni, futhi akubona bonke abantu abenza unya ezilwaneni abanalezi zinkinga. Kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ethonywa yizici ezahlukene ezifana nokukhuliswa, indawo ezungezile, kanye nokuthambekela komuntu ngamunye.

Yiziphi ezinye zezici ezingaba khona noma izimo zengqondo ezingaba nomthelela kokubili ezinkingeni zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo?

Ezinye izici ezingaba khona eziyisisekelo noma izimo zengqondo ezingase zibe nomthelela kokubili ezinkingeni zonya lwezilwane kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo zifaka phakathi umlando wokuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa, ukuntuleka kozwela noma amakhono okulawula ngokomzwelo, isifiso samandla noma ukulawula, kanye nezinkinga zengqondo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okungekuhle, noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase bahlanganyele ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane njengendlela yokubhekana nemizwa yabo yentukuthelo, ukukhungatheka, noma ukungabi namandla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo buyinkimbinkimbi futhi bunezinhlangothi eziningi, futhi akubona bonke abantu abahlanganyela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane abazoba nesimo sempilo yengqondo esitholakale sikhona.

Ingabe ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kunganciphisa ngempumelelo izimo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane?

Yebo, ukwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngempumelelo kunganciphisa izimo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane. Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zingabangela ukuziphatha okunolaka, ukushesha, kanye nokuntuleka kozwela, okuyizinto ezingaholela ekuhlukunyezweni kwezilwane. Ngokubhekana nokwelapha lezi zinkinga zempilo yengqondo eziyisisekelo, abantu bangase baziqaphele kakhudlwana, bathuthukise izindlela ezingcono zokubhekana nezimo, futhi bafunde ukulawula imizwa yabo ngezindlela ezinempilo. Lokhu kungagcina kunciphise amathuba okuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okulimazayo ezilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kanye nokwelulekwa kungasiza abantu ukuba bathuthukise uzwela, uzwela, kanye nokuqonda okukhulu ngemiphumela yezenzo zabo, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane.

Ingabe kukhona ukungenelela noma izindlela zokwelapha ezithile ezitholakale zisebenza kahle ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Kukhona ucwaningo olulinganiselwe mayelana nokungenelela okubhekana nezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nempilo yengqondo ngasikhathi sinye. Kodwa-ke, i-Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) ikhombisa ithemba njengoba ihilela izilwane ezinqubweni zokwelapha ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yempilo yengqondo. I-AAT isetshenziswe ekwelapheni izimo ezahlukene zempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, ulaka, kanye nokuhlukumezeka. Ukuzibandakanya nezilwane kungakhuthaza uzwela, kunciphise ukucindezeleka, futhi kwandise ukuxhumana nabantu, kuxazululwe izinkinga eziyisisekelo ezihlobene nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nempilo yengqondo. Noma kunjalo, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle kokungenelela noma ukwelashwa okuthile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kanye nempilo yengqondo ngasikhathi sinye.