Ukuqopha i-Carnism

UJordi Casamitjana, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Ethical Vegan", ususa umbono okhona owaziwa ngokuthi "i-carnism", ama-vegans ahlose ukuwuqeda.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufihla okuthile.

Ungasebenzisa i-stealth ngokufihla ukuze lokho ozama ukukufihla kuhlangane nendawo yakhona futhi kungaphinde kubonakale, noma ungakwazi ukukumboza ngengxenye yemvelo, ukuze kungabonakali, kuzwakale futhi kuhogele. Kokubili izilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezisulu zingaba zinhle kakhulu kunoma yikuphi. Ama-octopus ezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezinambuzane ezinamathelayo zingochwepheshe bokucasha ngokufihla, kuyilapho ama-predator antlions kanye nama-wrens azidlayo asebenza kahle kakhulu ekungazibonini ngemuva kokuthile (isihlabathi nezimila ngokulandelana kwazo). Kodwa-ke, ukufihla ngokufihla kungase kube indlela eguquguqukayo kakhulu uma unekhono lokusebenzisa i-chameleonic kuzo zonke izimo (njengoba ungase uphelelwe izindawo zokucasha).

Lezi zakhiwo azisebenzi nje ngezinto ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi nemiqondo nemibono. Ungakwazi ukufihla imiqondo ngemuva kweminye imiqondo (isibonelo, umqondo wobulili besifazane ufihliwe ngemuva komqondo wenceku - yingakho ungasasetshenziswa futhi umqondo "womsizi wendiza" usuthathe indawo yawo) futhi ungafihla imibono ngemuva. eminye imibono (ngokwesibonelo, umqondo wobugqila ngemuva komqondo we-imperialism). Ngokulinganayo, ungakwazi ukufihla imiqondo efana nocansi embonini yemfashini noma ufihle imibono efana nokucwaswa kobulili embonini yamafilimu, ngakho-ke akukho okungatholwa ekuqaleni - noma ngabe kusobala - kuze kube yilapho ujula. Uma umbono ungafihlwa, kanjalo yonke imibono nezinkolelo ezihambisana nawo ngendlela yokuthi yonke inhlanganisela iba umbono.

Awudingi umklami ukuze enze inundu lifihleke ngempumelelo noma igundane licashe kahle - njengoba lizivelela nje ngokuzikhethela kwemvelo - ngakho imibono ingase igcine isifihlekile ngaphandle kokuyifihla ngamabomu. Ngicabanga enye yalezi mibono. Omunye osephenduke umbono odlangile kuwo wonke amasiko abantu, esikhathini esidlule namanje, esifihlwe ngokufihlakele, hhayi ngokwenza “imfihlo” ngamabomu. Umbono owodwa ohlanganiswe kahle nendawo ezungezile, kangangokuthi kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule ibonakale ngokucacile futhi yanikezwa igama (elingakafakwa ezichazamazwini eziningi eziyinhloko). Imibono enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-carnism", futhi abantu abaningi abakaze bezwe ngayo - naphezu kokuyibonakalisa nsuku zonke cishe ngayo yonke into eyodwa abayenzayo.

I-Carnism iwumbono ovelele osakazeke kakhulu kangangokuthi abantu abawuboni, becabanga ukuthi uyingxenye yemvelo evamile yamasiko. Akuyona imfihlo, ngaphandle kokubonwa, igcinwe kude nabantu ngendlela yethiyori yozungu. Ifihliwe ngakho iphambi kwethu sonke yonke indawo, futhi singayithola kalula uma sazi ukuthi sibheke kuphi. Kodwa-ke, ifihlwe kahle ngokunyenya kangangokuthi ngisho nalapho uyikhomba futhi uyidalula, abaningi bangase bangabuvumi ubukhona bayo “njengemibono” ehlukene, futhi bacabange ukuthi ukhomba indwangu engokoqobo.

I-Carnism iwumbono, hhayi ifilosofi esemthethweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ibusa futhi igxilile emphakathini, ayidingi ukufundiswa ezikoleni noma ukufundwa. Ihlanganiswe nengemuva, futhi manje isiyazisekela futhi isabalale ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ezicini eziningi, kufana ne-capitalism, okwakuyinkolelo-mbono yezombangazwe nezomnotho emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ikhonjwe futhi iqanjwe. Ngemva kokudalulwa, yabe isiphonselwa inselelo yimibono encintisanayo, efana nobukhomanisi, i-socialism, i-anarchism, njll. Lezi zinselelo zenza ukuba ubunxiwankulu bufundwe, bube semthethweni ngokwemfundo, buvikelwe ngisho nangokwengqondo abanye. Mhlawumbe okufanayo kuzokwenzeka nge-carnism manje njengoba sekuphonselwe inselelo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Ungabuza ngobani? Yebo, ngama-vegans kanye nefilosofi yabo ye-veganism. Singasho ukuthi i-veganism yaqala njengokusabela ku-carnism, inselele ukubusa kwayo njengenkolelo ebeka indlela okufanele siphathe ngayo abanye (ngendlela efanayo esingasho ngayo ukuthi ubuBuddha baqala njengokusabela kubuHindu kanye nobuJainism, noma ubuSulumane njengokusabela ebuJudeni. kanye nobuKristu).

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ama-carnists ngokwabo benze imibono yabo ibe semthethweni, mhlawumbe beyincoma futhi bayenze ibukeke njengento "engcono" kunalokho eyikho, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sikwenze. Kufanele siyihlaziye futhi siyenze ibe semthethweni ngombono wangaphandle, futhi njengomuntu wangaphambili we-carnist, ngingakwenza lokho.

Kungani Deconstruct Carnism

Kubantu abafana nami, ama-vegans anesimilo, i-carnism iyizitha zethu, ngoba lo mbono, ezicini eziningi - okungenani abaningi bethu ukuwuhumusha - okuphambene ne-veganism. I-Carnism iwumbono ovamile ogunyaza ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane, futhi unesibopho sesihogo esisibeka kuzo zonke izidalwa ezinemizwa eplanethi enguMhlaba. Wonke amasiko amanje akhuthaza futhi asekela lo mbono owenza wande kodwa ngaphandle kokuwuqamba noma ukuvuma ukuthi yilokho akwenzayo, ngakho imiphakathi eminingi yabantu iphila ngokuhlelekile. Izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela yizo ezizama ukuziqhelelanisa ne-carnism, futhi ngenxa yalokho, mhlawumbe ngendlela elula kakhulu njengoba sizobona kamuva - kodwa ewusizo ekulandiseni kwalesi singeniso - isintu singahlukaniswa kalula sibe ama-carnists kanye nezilwane.

Kulo mzabalazo wezinto ezimbili, ama-vegans ahlose ukuqeda i-carnism (hhayi ukuqeda abantu abathanda i-carnist, kodwa imibono abaye bafundiswa kuyo, ngokusiza ama-carnists ukuthi ayilahle futhi abe yizilwane ezidliwayo), yingakho kudingeka sikuqonde kahle. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza lokho ukuyisusa futhi uhlaziye ukuthi yenziwe ngani. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani sifuna ukususa i-carnism: ukukwazi ukuhlonza izingxenye zayo ukuze sikwazi ukuyihlehlisa ucezu olulodwa ngesikhathi; ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe inqubomgomo, isenzo, noma isikhungo sinobunyama; ukuzihlola thina (ama-vegans) ukuze sibone ukuthi sisenazo yini izingxenye ze-carnist emibonweni yethu noma emikhubeni yethu; ukukwazi ukuphikisana kangcono ne-carnism ngokombono wefilosofi; ukwazi isitha sethu kangcono ukuze sikwazi ukuthuthukisa amasu angcono okulwa naso; ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ama-carnists eziphatha ngendlela abenza ngayo, ukuze singaphazanyiswa yizincazelo ezingalungile; ukusiza i-carnist ukuthi ibone ukuthi bafundiswe embonweni; kanye nokubhema i-carnism efihliwe emiphakathini yethu ngokuba ngcono ekuyiboneni.

Abanye bangase bathi kungaba ngcono “ungamvusi udrako” ngokuwuhlola kakhulu, futhi ukwenza i-carnism ibe semthethweni kungase kubuyisele emuva ngoba kungenza kube lula ukuvikela nokufundiswa. Nokho, sekwephuze kakhulu ngalokho. "Udrako" ubelokhu ephapheme futhi esebenza iminyaka eyinkulungwane, futhi i-carnism isivele ibusa kangangokuthi ayidingi ukufundiswa) njengoba ngishilo, isivele izinzile njengombono). Sesivele sisesimweni esibi kakhulu esiphathelene nokubusa kwe-carnism, ngakho ukuyiyeka futhi yenze into yayo ngaphansi kwemodi yayo eyimfihlo ngeke isayenza. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzomele siyikhiphe ekuzifihleni kwayo sibhekane nayo obala. Kulapho singabona khona ubuso bayo bangempela futhi mhlawumbe lokho kuzoba ubuthakathaka bayo, njengoba ukuchayeka kungaba “i-kryptonite” yayo. Yinye kuphela indlela yokuthola.

Lisho Ukuthini Igama elithi “Carnism”?

Ngaphambi kokuqeda i-carnism kungcono sibe nokuqonda mayelana nokuthi leli gama lavela kanjani. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uDkt Melanie Joy waqamba igama elithi "carnism" ngo-2001 kodwa walidumaza encwadini yakhe yango-2009 ethi "Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism." Wakuchaza ngokuthi “inkolelo engabonakali, noma imibono, evumela abantu ukuba badle izilwane ezithile.” Ngakho-ke, ukubone njengohlelo olubusayo olukutshela ukuthi KULUNGILE ukudla izingulube eSpain kodwa hhayi eMorocco; noma AKULUNGILE ukudla izinja e-UK kodwa kulungile e-China. Ngamanye amazwi, umbono okhona emphakathini othi, ngezinye izikhathi ngokusobala, ngezinye izikhathi ngobuqili, uvumele ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane, ucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezingadliwa nokuthi kanjani.

Amanye ama-vegans awathandi leli gama, noma kunjalo. Bathi akusho okuphambene ne-veganism, kodwa okuphambene ne-vegetarianism, ngoba bathatha incazelo yasekuqaleni kaDkt Joy futhi bathi ibhekisela ekudleni inyama yezilwane kuphela, hhayi ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane. Abanye abayithandi ngoba bethi lolu hlelo lwezinkolelo alubonakali njengoba ayethi lunjalo kodwa lusobala futhi lutholakala yonke indawo. Ngithatha umbono ohlukile (ikakhulukazi ngoba angiboni ukuthi kufanele ngihlobanise lo mqondo noDkt Joy kanye neminye imibono yakhe engingavumelani nayo, njengokweseka kwakhe i- reducetarianism ).

Ngicabanga ukuthi lo mqondo uthuthuke kusukela ngesikhathi uDkt Joy eqala ukuwusebenzisa futhi usuphenduke into ephambene ne-veganism (inguquko uDkt Joy angaphikisi nayo, njengoba ngisho nekhasi lewebhu lenhlangano yakhe i-Beyond Carnism lithi, "I-Carnism empeleni iyinhlangano yemvelo. okuphambene ne-veganism). Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi kusemthethweni ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa leli gama nale ncazelo ebanzi, njengoba kwenziwa ngokwandayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMartin Gibert wabhala ngo-2014 ku- Encyclopaedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics , “I-Carnism ibhekisela emcabangweni othi abantu badle imikhiqizo ethile yezilwane. Empeleni kuphambene ne-veganism. " I-Wiktionary ichaza i- carnist ngokuthi, “ Umgqugquzeli we-carnism; osekela umkhuba wokudla inyama nokusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo yezilwane.”

Yiqiniso, umsuka wegama elithi, carn, usho inyama ngesiLatini, hhayi umkhiqizo wezilwane, kodwa umsuka wegama elithi vegan uthi vegetus, okusho uhlaza ngesiLatini, hhayi ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane, ngakho yomibili imiqondo iye yavela ngaphezu kwe-etymology yayo.

Indlela engikubona ngayo, ukudla inyama ku-carnism kungokomfanekiso futhi kuyi-archetypical ngomqondo omelela ingqikithi yokuziphatha kwe-carnist, kodwa akukhona lokho okuchaza i-carnist. Akuwona wonke ama-carnists adla inyama, kodwa bonke labo abadla inyama bangama-carnists, ngakho-ke ukugxila kubantu abadla inyama - kanye nokudla inyama - kusiza ukuhlela ukulandisa kwe-anti-carnism. Uma sibheka inyama hhayi njengenyama yezilwane, kodwa njengesibonakaliso salokho okumelela khona, imifino idla inyama ewuketshezi , ama-pescatarians adla inyama yasemanzini, abanciphisi baphikelela ngokuthi bangayeki inyama, futhi ama-flexitarians ahlukile kuma-vegans ngoba basadla inyama ngezikhathi ezithile. Bonke laba (engibafaka eqenjini elithi "omnivorous" - hhayi omnivore, ngendlela) nabo bangama-carnists njengoba abadla inyama ngokugcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umqondo wenyama ku-carnism ungahunyushwa njenge-proxy yayo yonke imikhiqizo yezilwane, okwenza abantu abadla imifino abavamile (ngokungafani nabadla imifino abadla imifino) basondele kuma-carnists kunakuma-vegans.

Lokhu ngokwengxenye kuyindaba yokugcizelela. Incazelo esemthethweni ye-veganism ithi, “I-Veganism iyifilosofi nendlela yokuphila efuna ukukhipha - ngangokunokwenzeka futhi okungenzeka - zonke izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa, nonya, izilwane ukuze zidliwe, izingubo zokugqoka nanoma iyiphi enye injongo; futhi ngokwengeza, ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela ezingenazo izilwane ukuze kuzuze izilwane, abantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokwemibandela yokudla, lisho umkhuba wokukhipha yonke imikhiqizo etholakala ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ezilwaneni.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi naphezu kokuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane, kugxilwa kakhulu ekugqamiseni ingxenye yokudla encazelweni njengoba lokhu sekuyisibonakaliso somqondo. Ngokulinganayo, lapho kuxoxwa nge-carnism, kubhekwe kakhulu ukudla kwenyama njengoba nalokhu sekuwuphawu lwalo mqondo.

Ngokuqondene nokungabonakali, ngiyavuma ukuthi ayibonakali kanjalo, kodwa ifihliwe emiqondweni yabantu ababona imiphumela yayo kodwa abangayiboni imibono ebangela lokho (kusobala kithina vegans kodwa akunjalo kubo bonke abadla inyama. ucela ukuthi baveze ukuthi iyiphi i-ideology eyenza badle izingulube kodwa bahlanganyele amakhaya abo nezinja, iningi lizokutshela ukuthi akukho mbono obenza benze noma yikuphi kwalokhu), yingakho ngikhetha ukusebenzisa igama elithi camouflaged kunokuthi lingabonakali.

Kufihlwe obala kangangokuthi igama elithi carnist - noma noma yikuphi okufana nalo - alisetshenziswa yi-carnists ngokwabo. Abayifundisi njengemibono ehlukile ekhonkolo, azikho iziqu zaseNyuvesi ze-carnism, azikho izifundo ze-carnism ezikoleni. Abakhi izikhungo ezihloselwe ukuvikela umbono, awekho amasonto e-carnism noma amaqembu ezepolitiki athanda inyama…kodwa nokho, amanyuvesi amaningi, izikole, amasonto, kanye namaqembu ezepolitiki athanda inyama ehlelekile. I-Carnism ikhona yonke indawo, kodwa ngendlela ecacile, ayihlali icacile.

Kunoma ikuphi, ngicabanga ukuthi ukungaqambi lo mbono kuyisiza ukuthi ihlale ifihlekile futhi ingaphikiswa, futhi angikalitholi igama elingcono (kokubili ngesimo nengqikithi) kune-carnism yemibono ephambene ne-veganism (i-veganism ifilosofi yeminyaka eyinkulungwane amakhulu eminyaka akhiqize indlela yokuphila kanye nemibono, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1940 futhi umnyakazo oguqulayo wezenhlalo-politiki - konke lokhu kwabelana ngegama elithi " vegan "). I-Carnism yitemu eliwusizo elikhumbuleka kalula futhi lisetshenziswe, futhi i-carnist yitemu elingcono kakhulu kunenyama- inyama -eggs-shellack-carmine-honey-eater-leather-wool-silk-wear (noma isilwane-umthengi-umthengi).

Mhlawumbe kungasiza uma sichaza kabusha i-carnism ngokusekelwe endleleni leli gama elisetshenziswa ngayo kakhulu namuhla nokuthi selivuthwe kanjani. Ngisikisela lokhu okulandelayo: “ Umbono ovamile, osekelwe embonweni wokuphakama nokubusa, obeka abantu ukuba baxhaphaze ezinye izidalwa ezinemizwa nganoma iyiphi injongo, futhi bahlanganyele kunoma yikuphi ukuphathwa ngonya kwezilwane ezingezona abantu. Ngokwemibandela yokudla, lisho umkhuba wokudla imikhiqizo ethathwe ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye ezilwaneni ezikhethwa ngokwesiko ezingezona abantu.”

Ngandlela thize, i-carnism iwumbono omncane we-speciism (igama elaqanjwa Ngo-1971 nguRichard D. Ryder, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile saseBrithani nelungu le-Oxford Group), inkolelo esekela ukucwaswa kwabantu ngabanye ngenxa “yohlobo” abakulo. ku — njengoba ibheka “izinhlobo” ezithile njengeziphakeme kunezinye. Ngendlela efanayo ukucwasa ngokwebala noma ngokobulili nakho kuyimibono engaphansi ye-speciism. I-Carnism iwumbono we-specist obeka ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezingase zixhashazwe nokuthi kanjani. I-Speciesism ikutshela ukuthi ubani ongacwaswa, kodwa i-carnism ibhekene ngqo nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane ezingezona abantu, uhlobo lokucwasa.

USandra Mahlke uphikisa ngokuthi i-carnism "iwumgogodla oyinhloko wezinhlobo zezilwane" ngoba ukudla inyama kugqugquzela ukuthethelelwa kwemibono kwezinye izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane. Ikhasi lewebhu likaDkt Joy elithi Beyond Carnism lithi, “ I-Carnism, empeleni, iwuhlelo olucindezelayo. Ihlanganyela ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo esifanayo futhi incike esimweni sengqondo esifanayo nesezinye izinhlelo ezicindezelayo, ezifana nokubusa kwamadoda kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala… I-Carnism izohlala injalo inqobo nje uma isalokhu inamandla “kunohlelo oluphikisanayo” olubekela inselele: i-veganism.”

Ufuna i-Axioms of Carnism

Noma yimuphi umbono uqukethe ama-axiom amaningana awunikeza ukuhambisana. I-axiom (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi iqiniso elibonakalayo, i-postulate, i-maxim, noma i-presupposition) isitatimende esamukelwa njengeqiniso ngaphandle kwesidingo sobufakazi. Ama-axiom awalona iqiniso ngomqondo ophelele, kodwa ahlobene nomongo noma uhlaka oluthile (angase abe yiqiniso kubantu bamaqembu athile, noma ngaphakathi kwemithetho yezinhlelo ezithile, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwayo). Ama-axiom awavamisile ukufakazelwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu kodwa amukelwa njengoba enikeziwe. Kodwa-ke, zingahlolwa noma ziqinisekiswe ngokuziqhathanisa nokubhekwa kwe-empirical noma ukudonswa okunengqondo, ngakho-ke ama-axiom angaphonselwa inselelo futhi akhishwe ngaphandle kwesistimu ewasebenzisayo.

Ukuze sihlonze ama-axioms ayinhloko we-carnism kufanele sithole lezo "zitatimende zeqiniso" zonke izidumbu ezikholelwayo, kodwa uma senza lokho, sizobhekana nesithiyo. Ngokucatshangelwa kwemvelo yayo, i-carnism ayifundiswa ngokusemthethweni futhi abantu bafundiswa ngayo ngokungaqondile ngokufundisa imikhuba ye-carnist, ngakho-ke iningi lama-carnists lingase lingakwazi ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izitatimende zeqiniso abakholelwa kuzo. Kungase kudingeke ngibavakashele ngokubuka ukuziphatha kwabo - nokukhumbula engangikholelwa kukho ngaphambi kokuba ngibe i-vegan. Lokhu akulula njengoba kubukeka ngoba ama-carnists ayiqembu elihluke kakhulu elingase libe nemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane (singase sihlukanise ama-carnists ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, njengama-full carnists, partial carnists, pragmatical carnists, ideological carnists, ama-carnists angenzi lutho, ama-mimetic carnists, ama-pre-vegan carnists, ama-post-vegan carnists, njll.).

Nokho, ikhona indlela yokunqanda lesi sithiyo. Ngingazama ukuchaza “i-carnist evamile” ngokususelwe encazelweni encane yokuthi uyini umculi we-carnist, onokuhlukahluka okuncane kwemibono. Ngenhlanhla, sengivele ngikwenzile lokhu lapho ngibhala incwadi yami ethi " Ethical Vegan ". Esahlukweni esinesihloko esithi “The Anthropology of the Vegan Kind”, ngaphezu kokuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane engicabanga ukuthi zikhona, ngiphinde ngazama ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezingezona imifino. Ngaqala ngahlukanisa isintu ngamaqembu amathathu mayelana nesimo sabo sengqondo esijwayelekile mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwezinye izilwane: abadla inyama, abadla inyama, kanye nabadla imifino. Kulo mongo, ngichaze ama-carnists njengalabo abangagcini nje ngokungenandaba nokuxhashazwa okunjalo kodwa abacabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi abantu baxhaphaze izilwane nganoma iyiphi indlela abayibona ifanelekile, abadla imifino njengalabo abangakuthandi ukuxhashazwa okunjalo futhi bacabange okungenani. kufanele sikugweme ukudla izilwane ezibulawelwa ukudla (futhi iqembu elincane lalezi kuzoba yizilwane ezigwema zonke izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane), bese kuba ngama-omnivorous (hhayi ama-biological omnivores, ngendlela) njengalawo aphakathi, ngakho-ke abantu abakwenzayo. ukukhathalela kancane ukuxhashazwa okunjalo, kodwa akwanele ukugwema ukudla izilwane ezibulawelwa ukudla. Ngabe sengihamba ngihlukanisa lezi zigaba, futhi ngahlukanisa ama-omnivorous kumaReducetarians, amaPescatarians, namaFlexitarians.

Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka incazelo ye-carnism ngokuningiliziwe, njengakumongo walesi sihloko, kufanele sifake esigabeni esithi "carnist" wonke lawa maqembu ngaphandle kwama-vegans, futhi yilokhu okuwenza ahluke kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuqagela. lokho bonke abakholelwa kukho. Njengomsebenzi wokuhlonza i-axioms eyinhloko ye-carnism, kungaba ngcono uma ngisebenzisa ukuhlukanisa okuncane engikusebenzise encwadini yami futhi ngichaze "i-typical carnist" njengabangewona ama-vegans nabo abangabathandi be-pescatarians, abanganciphisi, abangaguquguquki futhi abangadli imifino. Umuntu odla inyama ojwayelekile angaba umdwebi ojwayelekile we-archetypical, ongeke angqubuzane nanoma yiziphi izincazelo ezingaba khona zomqondo we "carnist". Ngangingomunye walaba (ngagxuma ngisuka ekubeni umuntu odla inyama ovamile ngiye e-vegan ngaphandle kokudlulela kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo), ngakho-ke ngizokwazi ukusebenzisa inkumbulo yami kulo msebenzi.

Njengoba i-carnism iphambene ne-veganism, ukukhomba ama-axioms ayinhloko we-veganism, bese uzama ukubona ukuthi abaphikisana nabo bangabafundi abahle be-axioms of carnism bonke abantu abajwayelekile be-carnism abangakholelwa kuyo, kungaba yindlela enhle yokwenza lokho. Ngingakwenza lokho kalula ngoba, ngenhlanhla, ngabhala isihloko esithi “ The Five Axioms of Veganism ” lapho ngihlonze khona okulandelayo:

1. I-AXIOM YOKUQALA YE-VEGANISM: I-AXIOM KA-AHIMSA: “Ukuzama ukungalimazi muntu kuyisisekelo sokuziphatha”
2. I-AXIOM YESIBILI YE-VEGANISM: I-AXIOM YEZILWANE: “Wonke amalungu oMbuso Wezilwane kufanele athathwe njengezidalwa ezinemizwa”
3. I-AXIOM YESITHATHU YE-VEGANISM: I-AXIOM YOKUPHIKISA UKUSEBENZISWA: “Konke ukuxhashazwa kwezidalwa ezinemizwa kuyabalimaza”
4. I-AXIOM YESINE YE-VEGANISM: I-AXIOM OF ANTI-SPECIESISM: “Ukungacwasi muntu kuyindlela efanele yokuziphatha”
5. I-VEGANISM'S FFTH AXIOM: I-AXIOM OF VICARIOUSNESS: “Ukulimala okungaqondile komqondo obangelwa omunye umuntu kusengumonakalo okufanele sizame ukuwugwema”

Ngiyabona ukuthi okuphambene nalokhu kuzokholakala yibo bonke abadlali be-carnism abajwayelekile, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kuhambisana kahle nalokho engicabanga ukuthi i-axioms eyinhloko ye-carnism. Esahlukweni esilandelayo, ngizoxoxa ngazo kabanzi.

I-Main Axioms ye-Carnism

Okulandelayo incazelo yami yokuthi iyini i-axioms eyinhloko ye-carnism ideology, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​​​kokuba i-carnist yangaphambili ngiphila emhlabeni we-carnist lapho iningi labantu engihlanganyele nabo iminyaka engaba ngu-60 bekungama-carnist:

Udlame

Njengoba i-axiom ebaluleke kakhulu ye-veganism ingumgomo we -ahimsa othi “ungalimazi” (ebuye ihunyushwe ngokuthi “ukungabi nobudlova”) okubuye kube imfundiso yezinkolo eziningi (njengobuHindu, ubuBuddha, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuJain), i-axiom eyinhloko. of carnism nakanjani kube okuphambene nalokhu. Ngiyibiza nge-axiom yodlame, futhi yile ndlela engiyichaza ngayo:

I-CARNISM'S FIRST AXIOM: THE AXIOM OF VIOLENCE: "Udlame olubhekiswe kwezinye izidalwa ezizwelayo alunakugwenywa ukusinda"

Kubadlali benyama abavamile, benza isenzo sobudlova (ukuzingela, ukudoba, ukusika umphimbo wesilwane, ukususa amankonyane kumanina ngenkani ukuze bathathe ubisi obekungolwabo, beba uju ezinyosini eziluqoqa ezitolo zabo zasebusika, belushaya. ihhashi ukumenza agijime ngokushesha, noma abambe izilwane zasendle azifake ehhokweni impilo yakhe yonke) noma akhokhele abanye ukuthi bazenzele zona, kuwukuziphatha okuvamile. Lokhu kubenza abantu abanodlame okuthi ngezikhathi ezikhethekile (ngokomthetho noma ngenye indlela), baqondise udlame lwabo kwabanye abantu — akumangazi.

Umdwebi we-carnist ojwayelekile uvamise ukuphendula kuma-vegans ngamazwi anjengokuthi “Ingabe umjikelezo wempilo” (engabhala ngayo yonke indatshana ngawo enesihloko esithi “ The Ultimate Vegan Answer to the Remark 'It's the Circle of Life' ”) njengendlela yokusitshela. bakholelwa ukuthi, emvelweni, wonke umuntu ulimaza abanye ukuze baphile, baqalane futhi baqhubekisele phambili umbuthano wobudlova abakholelwa ukuthi akunakugwenywa. Ngesikhathi sokushumayela i-vegan engangivame ukukwenza e-London, ngangivame ukuzwa lokhu kuphawula kwabantu abangadli inyama ngemva kokubuka izithombe zesilwane esibulawa (imvamisa endaweni yokulashelwa, okubonisa ukuthi babheka ukuthi udlame abalubonile ekugcineni “lwamukelekile”.

Lokhu kuphawula kusetshenziselwa futhi ukugxeka indlela yokuphila yemifino ngokuphakamisa ukuthi siziphatha ngendlela ephambene nemvelo, kuyilapho bona, ngokuxhaphaza izilwane nokudla okuthile, baziphatha ngokwemvelo ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo “kuyindilinga yempilo”. Basikisela ukuthi thina, izilwane ezifuywayo, sidlala ngokungalungile indima yemvelo mbumbulu yezilwane ezidla uhlaza ezinokuthula emvelweni ezizenza izidla-zitshalo, kuyilapho indima yethu yemvelo esiyingini sempilo iwukuba izizingeli eziyingozi.

I-Supremacism

I-axiom yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu ye-carnism izophinde ibe okuphambene ne-axiom yesibili ye-veganism ethi wonke amalungu oMbuso Wezilwane kufanele abhekwe njengezidalwa ezizwelayo (ngakho-ke ahlonishwe ngalokho). Ngibiza le-axiom ye-carnist ngokuthi i-axiom ye-supremacism, futhi yile ndlela engiyichaza ngayo:

I-AXIOM YESIBILI YE-CARNISM: I-AXIOM YOKUKHULUMA: “Singabantu abaphakeme, futhi zonke ezinye izidalwa zisesikhundleni esiphakeme ngaphansi kwethu”

Lesi mhlawumbe isici esihluke kakhulu somuntu ovamile we-carnist. Ngokungaguquki bonke bacabanga ukuthi abantu bayizidalwa eziphakeme (abanye, njengabacwasi, futhi bacabanga ukuthi uhlanga lwabo luphakeme, kanti abanye, njengama-misogynists, ukuthi ubulili babo). Ngisho nalabo abalinganiselayo (njengezinye izazi zemvelo ezidla imifino, ngokwesibonelo) abangabaza ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane okungezona abantu futhi basole ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ezungezile basengabona abantu njengabantu abaphakeme “abanomthwalo wemfanelo” wokusebenza njengabaphathi bezwe. ezinye izidalwa “eziphansi” emvelweni.

Enye indlela ama-carnists abonisa ngayo imibono yawo ephakeme iwukuphika ikhwalithi yozwela kwezinye izidalwa, bethi abantu kuphela abanozwela, futhi uma isayensi ithola imizwa kwezinye izidalwa, imizwa yomuntu kuphela esemqoka. Le axiom yiyona enikeza ama-carnists ilungelo labo lokuxhaphaza abanye, njengoba benomuzwa wokuthi "bafanele" ngaphezu kwabanye. Ama-carnists enkolo angase akholelwe ukuthi onkulunkulu babo abaphakeme babanikeze ilungelo labo laphezulu lokubusa izidalwa "eziphansi", njengoba besebenzisa umqondo wabo wobukhosi endaweni ye-metaphysical.

Njengoba amasiko amaningi engamasiko acindezela izinzalamizi, lesi sihloko singena shí emiphakathini eminingi, kodwa amaqembu athuthukayo abelokhu ephonsela inselelo ubukhulu bobuhlanga, ubuzwe, isigaba, ubulili, noma inkolo amashumi eminyaka manje, okuthi, lapho ihlangana ne-veganism, izala ama-vegans wobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle alwa nabacindezeli babantu kanye nezilwane ezingezona abantu.

Le axiom nayo yahlonzwa - futhi yanikezwa igama elifanayo - umsunguli wezilwane ze-Climate Healers uDkt Sailesh Rao lapho echaza izinsika ezintathu zesistimu yamanje okudingeka ishintshwe uma sifuna ukwakha Umhlaba Wezilwane. Wathi kimi engxoxweni, " Kunezinsika ezintathu zesimiso samanje ... okwesibili i-axiom engamanga ye-supremacism, okungukuthi ukuphila kuwumdlalo wokuncintisana lapho labo abazuzile bangase babe nezigqila, futhi baxhaphaze. izilwane, imvelo, kanye nabancishwe amathuba, ngenxa yokuphishekela injabulo. Yilokhu engikubiza ngokuthi umthetho othi 'amandla alungile'."

Ukubusa

I-axiom yesithathu ye-carnism ingumphumela onengqondo wesibili. Uma ama-carnists bezibheka njengabaphakeme kunabanye, banomuzwa wokuthi bangabaxhaphaza, futhi uma bebuka umhlaba ngombono wezikhundla, bahlala befisa ukukhuphuka ngokuqothuka futhi "baphumelele" ngokulahlekelwa abanye, bacindezelwe njengoba bengafuni ukubuswa. Ngibiza le-axiom ngokuthi i-axiom yokubusa, futhi yile ndlela engiyichaza ngayo:

I-CARNISM'S THIRD AXIOM: THE AXIOM OF DOMINION: “Ukuxhashazwa kwezinye izidalwa ezinemizwa kanye nokubusa kwethu phezu kwazo kuyadingeka ukuze kuphumelele”

Le axiom ikwenza kube semthethweni ukwenza inzuzo ngezilwane nganoma iyiphi indlela, hhayi nje ukuzixhaphaza ukuze uziphilise kodwa futhi namandla nengcebo. Lapho i-vegan igxeka ama-zoo ngokuthi awazona izikhungo zokongiwa kwemvelo njengoba bethi bayizikhungo ezenza inzuzo, umdwebi wezilwane ovamile angaphendula ngokuthi, “Kuyini-ke? Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuziphilisa.”

Lona futhi i-axiom edala abanye abadla imifino, njengoba naphezu kokubona ukuthi akufanele badle izinkomo noma izinkukhu, bazizwa bephoqelekile ukuthi baqhubeke bezixhaphaza ngokudla ubisi noma amaqanda abo.

Kubuye kube yi-axiom eholele ekudalweni kwabantu abambalwa be-post-vegan abalahle i-veganism futhi baqala ukuphinda bahlanganise ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane ezimpilweni zabo ezimweni abacabanga ukuthi bangazithethelela (njengoba kunjalo ngababizwa ngama- beegans) abadla uju, imifino edla amaqanda, ama -ostrovegan adla ama-bivalves, ama -entovegan adla izinambuzane, noma lawo “mavegans” agibela amahhashi , avakashela ama-zoo ukuze ajabule , noma azalanisa “ izilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile ”). Umuntu angathi futhi ubunxiwankulu wuhlelo lwezepolitiki okungenzeka ukuthi lwavela kulo mqondo (futhi yingakho abanye abantu bezilwane bekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba wezilwane awusoze wafika uma sigcina izinhlelo zamanje zonxiwankulu).

Enye yezinsika zesistimu yamanje uDkt Rao ehlonziwe ihambisana nale axiom, nakuba eyibiza ngendlela ehlukile. Wangitshela, “ Uhlelo lusekelwe ekuthengeni, okuyilokho engikubiza ngokuthi umthetho 'wokuhaha kuhle'. Kuyi-axiom engamanga ye-consumerism, ethi ukuphishekela injabulo kufezwa kangcono ngokucindezela nokwanelisa uchungechunge olungapheli lwezifiso. Kuyi-axiom empucukweni yethu ngoba uvamise ukubona izikhangiso ezingu-3000 nsuku zonke, futhi ucabanga ukuthi kujwayelekile.”

Speciesism

Uma i-axiom yesine ye-veganism iyi-axion ye-anti-speciesism ehlose ukungabandlululi noma ubani ngenxa yesigaba esithile, uhlobo oluthile, uhlanga, inani labantu, noma iqembu, i-axiom yesine ye-carnism izoba i-axiom yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, engikuchaza kanje:

I-CARNISM'S FOURTH AXIOM: THE AXIOM OF PECIESISM: “Kufanele siphathe abanye ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi bayizinhlobo ezinjani zezidalwa nokuthi sifuna ukuzisebenzisa kanjani”

Izimo zakuqala lapho igama elithi “carnism” laqala khona ukuduma, incwadi kaDkt Joy ethi “Kungani Sithanda Izinja, Sidla Izingulube, Futhi Sigqoke Izinkomo” iwubonisa ngokusobala umnyombo wale ncazelo. Ama-Carnists, njengabantu abaningi, angama-taxophiles (athanda ukuhlukanisa yonke into ngezigaba), futhi uma sebebhale noma ubani njengoweqembu elithile abalidalile (hhayi ngempela iqembu elihlukile ngokusobala) bese beyabela inani, umsebenzi. , kanye nenjongo, enokuncane kakhulu okuphathelene nezidalwa ngokwazo, futhi kuningi okuhlobene nendlela abadwebi benyama abathanda ukuzisebenzisa ngayo. Njengoba lezi zimiso nezinhloso zingekho ngaphakathi, ziyashintsha kusukela kumasiko kuye kwesiko (yingakho abantu baseNtshonalanga bengazidli izinja kodwa abanye abantu baseMpumalanga abazidli).

Ama-carnists ajwayelekile ahlala ebandlulula abanye, ngisho nalabo abazibheka njengabalingani abathuthukayo ngenxa yokuthi bayakhetha lapho besebenzisa ukulingana kwabo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi basebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezaba kanye nokukhululwa ukuze bangakusebenzisi ngaphezu kwabantu, " izilwane ezifuywayo ", noma intandokazi yabo. izilwane.

I-Libertarianism

I-axiom yesihlanu ye-carnism ingase ibamangaze abanye (njengoba i-axiom yesihlanu ye-veganism nayo kungenzeka ukuthi yenza kulawo ma-vegans angazange aqaphele ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwefilosofi kunesidingo sokudala umhlaba we-vegan ngokuvimbela abanye ekulimazeni izidalwa ezizwelayo) ngoba abanye abantu abazibiza ngama-vegan kungenzeka ukuthi balandela le ncazelo. Ngiyibiza nge-axiom ye-libertarianism, futhi yile ndlela engiyichaza ngayo:

I-CARNISM'S FFTH AXIOM: I-AXIOM OF LIBERTARIANISM: “Wonke umuntu kufanele akhululeke ukwenza akufunayo, futhi akufanele singenele sizama ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo”

Abanye abantu ngokwepolitiki bazichaza njengabakhululekile, okusho ukuthi abagqugquzeli noma abasekeli befilosofi yezombangazwe ekhuthaza ukungenelela okuncane kombuso emakethe yamahhala kanye nempilo yangasese yezakhamuzi. Inkolelo yokuthi lokho kungenelela kufanele kube okuncane kangakanani kungase kuhluke kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngemuva kwalesi simo sengqondo inkolelo yokuthi abantu kufanele bakhululeke ukwenza abakufunayo, futhi akukho lutho okufanele luvinjelwe. Lokhu kungqubuzana ngqo ne-veganism ngoba ukube bekungenzeka ngokwepolitiki nangokomthetho, iningi lama-vegans lizovumelana nokuvimbela abantu ukuthi bangalimazi izidalwa ezizwelayo (njengoba imithetho yamanje ivimbela abantu ukuthi bangalimazi abanye abantu).

Ama-Vegan akha i-Vegan World lapho kungekho muntu ozolimaza ezinye izilwane ngoba umphakathi (nezikhungo zawo, imithetho, izinqubomgomo, nemithetho) ngeke uvumele lokhu kulimala ukuthi kwenzeke, kodwa kumuntu okhululekile, lokhu kungase kube ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu kwesikhungo namalungelo. kwabantu ngabanye.

Le axiom iyona eyenza ama-carnists asebenzise umqondo “wokukhetha” ukuze athethelele ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwemikhiqizo yezilwane, futhi lokho kubenza basole izilwane ezifuywayo ngokuphoqelela izinkolelo zabo kwabanye (njengoba, ekujuleni, abakholelwa emithethweni engaba nomkhawulo. inkululeko yabantu yokudla abakufunayo nokuxhaphaza abakufunayo).

Lawa ma-axiom amahlanu afundiswe ngokungagunci ngezifundo zomlando, i-geography, ngisho ne-biology esiye sayithola kusukela ebuntwaneni, futhi yaqiniswa ngamamuvi, imidlalo, izinhlelo ze-TV nezincwadi esizifunde kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa konke lokhu kuvezwa bekungacacile ngokwanele. noma zenziwe zaba semthethweni ukuze siqonde ukuthi zifakwe embonweni othile osenza sikholwe kule mibono - noma ingamanga.

Futhi, khumbula ukuthi i-axiom ye-ideology ayidingi ubufakazi kulabo abalandela leyo mibono, ngakho-ke akufanele kusimangaze kithi, vegans, ukuthi ama-carnists esixoxa nawo abonakala engasabela ebufakazini obuphikisa le mibono ngokuthi. senza. Kithina, ubufakazi obunjalo busiqinisekisa kakhulu ukuthi singazikholelwa izinkulumo ezinjalo, kodwa kubo, bangazichitha njengezingabalulekile njengoba zingadingi ubufakazi bokuzikholelwa. Yilabo kuphela abanomqondo ovulekile abazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi bafundiswa kusukela ebuntwaneni abangabheka ubufakazi futhi ekugcineni bazikhulule ku-carnism- futhi iphuzu lokufinyelela kwe-vegan ukusiza laba bantu ukuthatha isinyathelo, hhayi nje ukuphikisana nomuntu oseduze- i-carnist ejwayelekile enengqondo.

Ngakho-ke, umuntu ovamile we-carnist kungaba ngumuntu onobudlova, ophakeme, ophethe, futhi obandlululayo, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, oxhaphaza, acindezele, futhi abuse ezinye izidalwa ezinengqondo, ecabanga ukuthi noma yimuphi omunye umuntu kufanele akhululeke ukwenza okufanayo..

Izimiso Zesibili zeCarnism

Ukwengeza emibonweni emihlanu eyinhloko ye-carnism eshiwo ngenhla, lapho ngokwencazelo bonke abathandi be-carnists abajwayelekile kufanele bakholwe, ngicabanga ukuthi kunezinye izimiso zesibili ezilandelwa iningi lama-carnists-ngisho noma ezinye izinhlobo zama-carnists zivame ukulandela ezinye kakhulu kunezinye. Eminye yale migomo yesibili iphuma kuma-axiom ayinhloko, iba amasethi amancane awo. Ngokwesibonelo:

1. UMUSHO OLUNGILE: Abantu kuphela abanohlobo lomuzwa olubalulekile ngokwamalungelo okuziphatha, njengomuzwa ononembeza, inkulumo, noma ukuziphatha.

2. UKUDLA OKUKHETHEKILE: Ezinye izilwane okungezona abantu zingadliwa ukuze zidliwe, kodwa ezinye akufanele ngoba isiko likhethe ngokufanelekile ukuthi yiziphi okufanele zidliwe nokuthi kanjani.

3. UBUMTHETHO NGESIKO: Isiko linquma indlela yokuziphatha yokuxhaphaza abanye, ngakho akukho ukuxhashazwa okunezimiso okungafanele.

4. UKUPHAKAMELA KWAMANDLA: Izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizilwane ezincelisayo eziphakeme, izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizilwane ezinomgogodla eziphakeme, futhi izilwane ezinomgogodla ziyizilwane eziphakeme.

5. ILUNGELO LOBUNTU LOKULISEBENZISA: Ukuxhashazwa kwanoma yisiphi isilwane esingesona esomuntu ukuze sithole ukudla nemithi kuyilungelo lomuntu okufanele livikelwe.

6. AMALUNGELO APHELELE: Akufanele sinikeze amalungelo omthetho ezilwaneni ezingezona abantu naphezu kwamalungelo athile okuziphatha anganikezwa ezinye izilwane kwamanye amasiko.

7. UKUSETSHENZISWA KWEZIMALI: Ukulima kwezilwane kanye nokuvuthwa kwezilwane kumele kusekelwe ngokwepolitiki futhi kuxhaswe ngokwezomnotho.

8. OMNIVORE HUMANS: Abantu bangama-omnivores okudingeka badle imikhiqizo yezilwane ukuze baphile.

9. “INYAMA” Enempilo: Inyama, amaqanda, nobisi kuwukudla okunempilo kwabantu.

10. INYAMA YEMVELO: Ukudla inyama kungokwemvelo kubantu futhi okhokho bethu babeyizilwane ezidla inyama.

11. I-“ALT-MEAT” AYILUNGILE: Okunye okungenziwa esikhundleni semikhiqizo yezilwane akukona okwemvelo futhi akunampilo, futhi kulimaza indawo ezungezile.

12. UKUPHIKA OKUMANGQINAYO: Izimangalo zokuthi ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane kunomthelela omubi kakhulu endaweni ezungezile amahaba asakazwa inkulumo-ze.

Ama-Carnists, ajwayelekile noma cha, angase akholelwe kweminye yale migomo (futhi lapho bekholelwa kakhulu kuyo, yilapho beba ama-carnists amaningi), futhi babonise izinkolelo ezinjalo endleleni yabo yokuphila kanye nokuziphatha.

Singasungula kalula ukuhlolwa kwe-carnism ngokucela abantu ukuthi bamake ukuthi bavumelana kangakanani nama-axioms angu-5 kanye nezimiso zesibili eziyi-12 futhi sakhe umkhawulo wokuthi amaphuzu adlule ukuze afanelekele ukuba ngumdwebi wezilwane. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ingakanani i-carnism esele kwezinye izikhungo ze-vegan kanye ne-vegan (Ngibhale i-athikili mayelana nalokhu okunesihloko esithi I-Carnism ngaphakathi kwe-Veganism ).

I-Carnism Indoctrination

Ama-carnists aye afundiswa ku-carnism kusukela ebuntwaneni, futhi iningi alikwazi nakwazi. Bacabanga ukuthi banenkululeko yokuzikhethela futhi thina, ama-vegans, “singabaxakayo” esibonakala singaphansi kohlobo oluthile lwehlelo . Uma usufundisiwe, obekukade kuwukuzikhethela akuseyona into ongazikhethela yona, njengoba manje sekuyalelwa ukufundiswa kwakho, akuseyona into enengqondo, ingqondo noma ubufakazi. Kodwa-ke, ama-carnists abaqapheli ukuthi baye baphoqeleka ukuba babe ama-carnism ngoba i-carnism ifihliwe kahle. Bayakwenqaba ukufundiseka kwabo, ngakho-ke bazizwa beshaqekile - futhi bacasukile - lapho ama-vegans ezama ukubasiza ukuba bakhululeke kukho.

Ama-axioms kanye nemigomo ye-veganism izoqondisa kakhulu ama-carnists ukuthi axhumane nezilwane ngezindlela eziqondile, ngokuvamile echitha noma ngisho nokuba nenzondo, njengoba bewazi ukuthi ama-vegan amelela okuthile okujulile okubusa ukukhetha kwabo (ngisho noma bengakwazi ukukhomba umunwe we-vegan. ukuthi iyini futhi angikaze ngizwe igama elithi carnism ngaphambili). Ukuqonda lezi zimiso njengama-axioms kuchaza ukuthi kungani le mibono ivame kangaka nokuthi kungani ama-carnists enenkani ekunamatheleni kuyo naphezu kwabo bonke ubufakazi esingasethula kubo obufakazela ukuthi izimiso ezingamanga ezingqubuzana neqiniso.

Iphinde ichaze ukuthi kungani ama-carnists amaningi esimanje ngokwedlulele esephenduke ama-anti-vegans abavame ukuzama ukwenza okuhlukile kune-vegans (okuchaza ngephutha ukuthi kungani inyama yelabhu yehluleka ukufaka esikhundleni senyama evamile ezitsheni ze-carnists ngoba beyibona njengomkhiqizo we-vegan. - nakuba ngokuqinisekile kungenjalo - ngokwephula isimiso 11). Lokhu kudale izimiso ezintathu zemfundo ephakeme ezinye zesimanje ze-carnists nazo zilandela:

13. UKUGWEMELA UBUzenzisi: Abadla inyama bangabazenzisi ngoba ukukhetha kwabo kubandakanya ukulimaza izidalwa ezizwelayo ngenxa yokufa kwezitshalo.

14. UKUPHIKA KWE-VEGANISM: I-Veganism iyimfashini eyeqisayo ezogcina idlule kodwa lokho akufanele kukhuthazwe ngoba iphazamisa kakhulu.

15. I-VEGANPHOBIA: Ama-Vegans kufanele ashushiswe, futhi i-veganism ingumbono owonakele olimazayo odinga ukuqedwa ngokushesha.

Lezi zimiso ezintathu zemfundo ephakeme (noma okulingana nazo) kungenzeka ukuthi nazo bezisebenza kuma-carnists esikhathini esidlule ngaphambi kokuthi igama elithi “vegan” liqanjwe ngo-1944, libhekise kunoma yimuphi umbono oqhudelanayo owawubekela inselele i-carnism ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, ama-carnist Brahmins eMbusweni waseMagadha ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ezedlule kungenzeka ukuthi alandela lezi zimiso ngokumelene nezimfundiso zezindela zamaSramanic ezifana noMahavira (uthisha wamaJain), uMakhali Gośāla (umsunguli we-Ajīvikaniism) noma uSiddhartha Gautama (umsunguli weBuddhism), ukuze azichaze. yomqondo we- ahimsa owabenza baqhela ekudleni inyama nemihlatshelo yezilwane. Futhi, ebuKristwini bokuqala, abalandeli bakaPawuli oNgcwele kungenzeka ukuthi bavuna lezi zimiso ngokumelene nabalandeli bakaJakobe oNgcwele (umfowabo kaJesu), abase-Ebiyoni, namaNazaretha, nabo abasuka ekudleni inyama (hlola i-documentary Christspiracy uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalokhu).

Mhlawumbe isizathu sokuthi sisenobandlululo olungaka, ukuzonda abantu abathandana ngobulili obufanayo, kanye nokungahloniphi abantu besifazane ukuthi asizinakanga izimpande zabo ze-carnist ngesikhathi sizama ukuziqeda, ngakho zilokhu zivela futhi. Mhlawumbe asizinakanga lezi zimpande ngoba singaziboni ngenxa yokuthi i-carnism yafihlwa kanjani endaweni yenhlalo. Manje njengoba sesikwazi ukuzibona, kufanele sikwazi ukubhekana nalobu bubi emphakathini ngempumelelo.

Ukuveza i-carnism ukuthi iyini kanye nokukhombisa ukuthi yenziwe ngani kufanele kusisize ukuyiqeda. Kuzobonisa ukuthi lokho akuyona ingxenye ebalulekile yeqiniso, kodwa inkohlakalo engenasidingo - njengokugqwala okumboze wonke umkhumbi omdala, kodwa okungasuswa ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuqotho bomkhumbi. I-Carnism iwumbono olimazayo owenziwe abantu, hhayi ingxenye yemvelo, esingayidingi futhi okufanele siyiqede.

Ukunciphisa i-carnism kungase kube ukuqala kokuphela kwayo.