Ukulima emafekthri sekunesikhathi eside kuyindaba eguquguqukayo, evame ukugqama ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane. Nokho, esinye sezici ezinganakwa kakhulu futhi ezimbi kakhulu ukuxhashazwa kwezinhlelo zokuzala zabesifazane. Lesi sihloko sembula imikhuba ephazamisayo esetshenziswa amapulazi ezimboni ukuze kulawuleke futhi kulawule umjikelezo wokuzala wezilwane ezinsikazi, okubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kubo bobabili omama nenzalo yabo. Naphezu konya oluhilelekile, eminingi yale mikhuba ihlala isemthethweni futhi ngokuvamile ingalawulwa, iqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuhlukunyezwa okulimazayo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Kusukela ekuzalisweni ngenkani kwezinkomo zobisi kuye ekuvalelweni kanzima kwezingulube ezingumama kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezinkukhu ezizalayo, lesi sihloko sidalula iqiniso elibuhlungu elibangela ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane yansuku zonke. Igqamisa indlela amapulazi amafekthri abeka ngayo phambili umkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, ngokuvamile okuholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zezempilo kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Izintuba ezingokomthetho ezivumela lezi zinqubo ukuthi ziqhubeke ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa nazo ziyahlolisiswa, kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithetho ekhona yenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ngokukhanyisela lezi zenzo zonya ezifihliwe, lesi sihloko sihlose ukwazisa nokuvusa umcabango mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha zokulima efekthri, sinxusa abafundi ukuba bacabangele izindleko zangempela zokukhetha kwabo ukudla.
Amapulazi efekthri aphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwezilwane ngezindlela eziningi, nokunye kokubonakaliswa okuphazamisayo okwenzeka endaweni yokuzala. Eqinisweni, amapulazi emboni axhaphaza izinqubo zokuzala zabesifazane ngezindlela ezibuhlungu, ezihlaselayo, futhi ngokuvamile eziyingozi, ezibangela ukulimala kokubili kumama nengane. Lokhu kuxhashazwa akunakwa, kanti eziningi zalezi zinqubo zisemthethweni ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziningi kanye nalezo ezingavamisile ukushushiswa. Ukulima kwasefekthri sekunesikhathi eside kugxekwa ngokuphatha kwakho izilwane ngonya, kodwa enye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu ngokuvamile ayibonwa: ukuxhashazwa kwezinhlelo zokuzala zabesifazane. Lesi sihloko sicubungula imikhuba ephazamisayo esetshenziswa amapulazi efekthri ukuze asebenzise futhi alawule umjikelezo wokuzala wezilwane zesifazane, abangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kubo bobabili omama nenzalo yabo. Ngaphandle konya oluhilelekile, eziningi zalezi zinqubo zihlala zisemthethweni futhi ngokuvamile azilawulwa, eziqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuhlukunyezwa okulimazayo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo .
Kusukela ekufakweni kwezinkomo zobisi ngempoqo ukuya ekuvalelweni kanzima kwezingulube ezingumama kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezinkukhu ezizalayo, lesi sihloko sidalula iqiniso elibuhlungu elibangela ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane yansuku zonke. Igqamisa indlela amapulazi emboni abeka ngayo phambili umkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, ngokuvamile okuholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zezempilo nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Izintuba ezisemthethweni ezivumela lezi zinqubo ukuthi ziqhubeke ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa nazo ziyacutshungulwa, kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nempumelelo yemithetho ekhona yenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ngokukhanyisela lezi zenzo zonya ezifihliwe, i-athikili ihlose ukwazisa nokuvusa umcabango mayelana nemithelela yesimilo yokulima kwasefekthri, inxusa abafundi ukuthi bacabange izindleko zangempela zokukhetha kwabo ukudla.
Amapulazi efekthri aphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwezilwane ngezindlela eziningi, futhi okunye kokubonakaliswa okuphazamisayo kwalokhu kwenzeka endaweni yokuzala. Eqinisweni, amapulazi emboni asebenzisa izindlela zokuzala zabesifazane ngezindlela ezibuhlungu, ezihlaselayo nezivame ukuba yingozi, ngokuvamile elimaza umama nengane ngokufanayo. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili ngokungahloliwe; eziningi zalezi zinqubomgomo zisemthethweni ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziningi, futhi lezo ezingekho azivamile ukushushiswa.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi amapulazi ezimboni ayizindawo ezimbi lapho isilwane sikhulisa khona umndeni, ingasaphathwa eyokuhlala. Ngezinhlobo eziningi zemfuyo, isibonelo, kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukuthi abalimi bahlukanise ngokushesha izinsana komama bazo , ngokuvamile unomphela. Lena inqubo ephazamisa kakhulu futhi ecasulayo ezilwaneni - nokho kwabaningi balaba mama, kumane kuyisiqalo sephupho labo elibi.
Ukuhlupheka Kwezinkomo Zobisi
Ukufaka Isimila Ngempoqo
Ukuze ikhiqize ubisi, inkomo kufanele ibe isanda kubeletha. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkomo zobisi zimithiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngabafuyi bobisi impilo yabo yonke yokuzala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kobisi njalo. Le ncazelo, nakuba ingase izwakale iyimbi, ayibubonisi ngokugcwele ububanzi nezinga lalo mkhuba wokuxhaphaza.
Inqubo yokuzalanisa izinkomo ngokungemthetho ihlasela kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo. Umphathi womuntu uqala ngokufaka ingalo yakhe endunu yenkomo; lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ululaze umlomo wesibeletho sakhe, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isidoda. Ngokuya ngesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zenkomo ngayinye, umuntu kungase kudingeke acindezele, ayidonse futhi anyakaze izitho zangaphakathi zenkomo ukuze ayilungiselele kahle. Ingalo yabo isangaphakathi emgodleni wenkomo, umphathi ube esefaka into ende, efana nenaliti eyaziwa ngokuthi “isibhamu sokuzalela” esithweni sangasese senkomo, bese ejova isidoda kuyo.
Ukwehlukanisa Amathole Konina
Emapulazini amaningi ezinkomo, amankonyane kamama athathwa kuye ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ukuze ubisi alukhiqizayo lufakwe ebhodleleni ukuze ludliwe abantu esikhundleni sokudliwa amazinyane akhe. Lokhu kungenelela ohlelweni lokuzala kwemvelo kubangela ukucindezeleka okuphawulekayo kumama , ovame ukuchitha izinsuku ekhalela amathole abo futhi awafune ngeze.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu, inkomo iphinde ifakwe isidoda, futhi le nqubo iyaziphindaphinda kuze kube yilapho ingasakwazi ukuzala. Ngaleso sikhathi usuke ehlatshelwe inyama.
Ukusenga Kuze Kufike Iphuzu Le-mastitis
Ngaphezu kokucindezeleka kwengqondo nobuhlungu besikhashana bomzimba, lo mjikelezo wokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe okwenziwa ngokuvamile ubangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside emzimbeni wenkomo futhi.
Izinkomo zobisi zingenwa kalula yi-mastitis , isifo esingase sibulale umbele. Uma inkomo isanda kusengwa, imisele yayo yebele isengozini yokuthola izifo ; iqiniso lokuthi izinkomo zobisi zisengwa njalo kusho ukuthi zihlala zisengcupheni yokungenwa isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele, futhi leyo ngozi iyanda lapho zisengwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingahlanzekile noma ezingahlanzekile - ngokwesibonelo, ngemishini yokusenga engahlanjululwa ngokungafanele - okuvame ukuba njalo. emapulazini obisi.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola cishe amaphesenti angama-70 ezinkomo emhlambini wobisi wase-UK ophethwe isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele - futhi okuxakayo ukuthi lesi sifo empeleni sinciphisa isivuno sobisi lwenkomo . Izinkomo eziphethwe yiso zivame ukukhulelwa okumbalwa, zidinga "isikhathi eside sokuphumula" phakathi kokukhulelwa, ziyacasuka futhi zibe nobudlova lapho umbele wazo uthintwa futhi unikeza ubisi olungcolile.
Ukuvalelwa Kanzima Komama Izingulube
Embonini yengulube, izingulube ezingumama zichitha isikhathi esiningi noma impilo yazo yonke zisekhrethini lokumitha noma i-farrowing crate. Ikhreyithi yokumitha yilapho ingulube ekhulelwe ehlala khona, kuyilapho ikesi lokuzala kulapho edluliselwa khona ngemva kokubeletha. Zombili ziyizakhiwo eziminyene kakhulu, ezivimbela umama ukuthi angami noma ajike - ingasaphathwa eyokuzelula, ukuhamba noma ukudla.
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili ukuthi nakuba ikhreyithi lokumitha lihlala umama kuphela , ikhreyithi elizalayo lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - eyodwa ekamama, enye ngeyezingulube zakhe. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zihlukaniswa imigoqo, eqhelelene ngokwanele ukuba amazinyane angakwazi ukuncelisa unina, kodwa engekude ngokwanele ukuba unina awalungise, awagone noma awabonise uthando olungokwemvelo ayengaluncela endle.
Isizathu esizwakalayo samakheji azalelayo ukuvikela ukuthi izingulube ezingulube zikwazi ukuchoboza amazinyane azo ngephutha zize zife , okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile lapho izingulube zinokufinyelela okungavinjelwe kumazinyane azo. Kodwa uma umgomo uwukunciphisa ukufa kwezingulube, amakhreyithi okuzala ayisahluleki esingenakuncishiswa: ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amachwane asemabhokisini azalelayo afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi njengoba nje namaphuphu asezindaweni zokuhlala ezivulekile. Bavele bafe ngenxa yezinye izizathu - njengezifo, ezidlangile ezindaweni eziminyene zamapulazi efektri.
Amakhreyithi okuzala ajwayelekile embonini yengulube, kodwa naphezu kwalokho abameli bawo abangase bakubize, awasindisi izimpilo zamachwane. Bavele benze izimpilo zabo zibe muncu.
Ukuxhashazwa Kwezikhukhukazi Ngokuzala
I-Molting Ephoqelelwe
Imboni yenyama neyobisi iphinde isebenzise izinhlelo zokuzala zezinkukhu ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Abalimi bakwenza lokhu ngomkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi ukuncibilika okuphoqelekile , kodwa ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, okokuqala kudingeka sikhulume kancane mayelana ne-molting evamile.
Njalo ebusika, inkukhu izoyeka ukuzalela amaqanda futhi iqale ukulahlekelwa izimpaphe zayo. Ngokuhamba kwamasonto ambalwa, uzoshintsha izimpaphe zakhe ezindala afake ezintsha, futhi lapho le nqubo isiqediwe, izophinde iqale ukubeka amaqanda ngesivinini esithe ukusheshisa. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-molting, futhi iyingxenye yemvelo nenempilo yazo zonke izinkukhu.
I-molting kwenzeka, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yendlela uhlelo lokuzala lwesikhukhukazi lusebenza ngayo. Amaqanda nezimpaphe zombili zidinga i-calcium ukuze zikhule, futhi izinkukhu zithola i-calcium ekudleni kwazo. Kodwa ukudla kuyantuleka ebusika, okwenza kube nzima ngesikhukhukazi ukuba sikhulise amaqanda emzimbeni waso noma sondle amatshwele esingase sizale . Ngokukhulisa izimpaphe esikhundleni sokuzalela amaqanda ebusika, isikhukhukazi sifeza izinto ezintathu: silondoloza i-calcium emzimbeni waso, sinikeze isimiso saso sokuzala ikhefu elidingeka kakhulu ekuzaleleni futhi sigwema amathuba okuzala amatshwele phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala. ukuswelakala kokudla.
Konke lokhu kunempilo futhi kuhle. Kodwa emapulazini amaningi, abalimi bazokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuncibilika ezikhukhukazini zabo ngenani elisheshayo nelingeyona eyemvelo, ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa sokuthi izinkukhu zibekela amaqanda amaningi okwesikhashana ngemva kwe-molt kunalokho ebezingawenza. Lokhu bakwenza ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokunciphisa izinkukhu ekukhanyeni, nangokuzilambisa.
Ukukhohlisa ukukhanya kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile emapulazini ezinkukhu. Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, izinkukhu zivezwa ekukhanyeni - ngokuvamile ezinhlobonhlobo zokwenziwa - kuze kube amahora angu-18 ngosuku ; inhloso yalokhu wukukhohlisa umzimba wenkukhu ukuthi icabange ukuthi kusentwasahlobo, ukuze izalele amaqanda. Nokho, ngesikhathi se-molt ephoqelelwe, abalimi benza okuphambene, banciphisa okwesikhashana ukukhanya kwezinkukhu ukuze imizimba yabo icabange ukuthi kusebusika - isikhathi sokuncibilika.
Ngaphandle kwezinguquko zemini, izinkukhu nazo zi-molt ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka nokulahlekelwa isisindo, futhi ukuncisha inkukhu yokudla kubangela kokubili. Kuvamile ukuthi abalimi balambe izinkukhu kuze kube amasonto amabili ukuze baphoqelele i-molt; ngokumangalisayo, lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinkukhu eziningi zife kunangezikhathi zokungabuni.
Konke lokhu kufana nokugxambukela okukhulu emjikelezweni wemvelo wokuzala wesikhukhukazi. Abalimi abakhiqiza ubisi baqale balambe izinkukhu ukuze bakhohlise imizimba yazo ukuthi zizalele amaqanda ambalwa. Lapho seziphinde zondliwa futhi, imizimba yezikhukhukazi icabanga ukuthi yisikhathi esinempilo sokuqala ukuthola abantwana, bese ziqala ukukhiqiza amaqanda futhi. Kodwa lawo maqanda awavundiswa, futhi awakhuli abe amatshwele. Kunalokho, athathwa ezinkukhwini futhi adayiswe ezitolo zokudla.
Izintuba Zezomthetho Ezivumela Lezi Zimo
Nakuba kunemithetho ethile ezincwadini enqabela noma elawula lezi zinqubo, isetshenziswa ngokungqubuzana - futhi kwezinye izimo, ayisetshenziswa nhlobo.
Ukucindezelwa okuphoqelelwe kuphambene nomthetho wase-United Kingdom, India kanye ne-European Union. Izifundazwe eziyishumi zase-US zivimbele , noma okungenani zikhawulelwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhreyithi okukhulelwa emapulazini ezingulube, futhi amakheji okuzalela awekho emthethweni eSwitzerland, eSweden naseNorway.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuhlukile okulinganiselwe, zonke lezi zinqubo ezingenhla zisemthethweni. Kulokhu kubhalwa, ayikho imithetho evimbela ngokuqondile kwezinkomo zobisi ngokuphindaphindiwe
Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho evamile emelene nonya kwezilwane, futhi ngokombono, leyo mithetho ingase ivimbele eminye yale mikhuba. Kodwa imithetho eminingi yonya kwezilwane iqukethe ukukhululwa okuqondile kubakhiqizi bemfuyo - futhi uma izindawo zokuhlatshwa zephula incwadi yomthetho, ngokuvamile azishushiswa ngokwenza kanjalo.
Isibonelo esisodwa esigqame kakhulu salokhu siseKansas. Njengoba i-New Republic yaphawula ngo-2020, umkhuba wokuzalanisa izinkomo ngokungemthetho wephula ngokuqondile umthetho wombuso wokulwa nezilwane , owenqabela “noma yikuphi ukungena kwesitho sobulili sowesifazane… nganoma iyiphi into,” nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Akudingeki ukuthi kusho, awekho amapulazi ezinkomo angu-27,000 eKansas ashushiswa ngokulala nezilwane.
Ukuxhashazwa Ngokuzala Kwezilwane Ezingamadoda
Ngokuqinisekile, izilwane zasemapulazini zesifazane akuzona zodwa izisulu zokuxhashazwa ngokuzala. Izinkomo zesilisa zingaphansi komkhuba onyantisayo owaziwa ngokuthi yi-electroejaculation , lapho uphenyo lukagesi lushuthekwa edidi lazo futhi amandla ogesi ayakhuphuka kancane kancane aze akhiphe noma aphume.
Azikho izilwane ezisemapulazini ezimboni eziphila impilo yazo engcono kakhulu, kodwa ekugcineni, imboni yakhelwe emhlane wezilwane zabesifazane, kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezinhlelo zabo zokuzala.
Umugqa Ophansi
Lapho zivunyelwa ukuba ziphile ngokukhululeka, izilwane ziye zakha izindlela zokuzala eziphawuleka ngempela , ngayinye eklanyelwe izidingo zazo zomuntu ngamunye njengohlobo oluthile. Emakhulwini eminyaka okucwaninga nokucwaninga, ososayensi baye bathola, futhi bayaqhubeka bezuza, ukuqonda okumangalisayo kokuthi izilwane zidlulisela kanjani isakhi sofuzo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwazo.
Ngeshwa, ulwazi lwethu olukhulayo lwebhayoloji yezilwane lubiza izindleko, futhi emapulazini amafekthri, omama bezilwane bafaka umthethosivivinywa.
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