Ukulima kwasefekthri kuwumkhuba ophikisana kakhulu osethole ukunakwa nokugxekwa kabanzi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane eshibhile futhi ekhiqizwa ngobuningi iholele ekunyukeni kwale ndlela yokulima, lapho izilwane zigcinwa endaweni evalelwe futhi ezimeni ezinzima ngenhloso yokukhulisa ukukhiqiza. Nakuba abasekeli bayo bethi ukulima kwefekthri kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla, kuphinde kwagxekwa kakhulu ngomthelela wakho omubi enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Ukungaphathwa kahle nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezimiso zokuziphatha, kwaqubula izinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nokuhlobana phakathi kokulima kwasefekthri nonya lwezilwane. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola lokhu kuxhumana futhi sinikeze ukukhanya emiphumeleni evame ukufihlwa nenganakwa yokufuywa kwezilwane ngamandla. Ngokuhlola izinqubo zemboni kanye nemiphumela yayo enhlalakahleni yezilwane, sizocubungula ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokulima kwasefekthri nonya lwezilwane, sifuna ukuqonda izimbangela kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zalolu daba olucindezelayo. Ngokuhlolisisa lesi sihloko, sithemba ukuqwashisa futhi sikhuthaze ukuqonda okujulile komthelela wezinketho zethu zokudla enhlalakahleni yezilwane.
Ukulima kwasefekthri: umkhuba ononya
Ukulima kwasefekthri, nakuba kuwumkhuba ovamile embonini yokudla yesimanje, kuye kwaveza ukukhathazeka mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ukuvalelwa kanzima, ukuminyana, nezimo zokungahlanzeki ezithinta amapulazi ezimboni ziye zagxekwa kakhulu ngokufaka izilwane ekuhluphekeni okungadingekile. Izilwane zivame ukuvalelwa emakhejini amancane noma ezibayani eziminyene, zinciphise ikhono lazo lokuhamba ngokukhululeka noma ukubonisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba efana nokudiliza, ukumisa umsila, nokuthena kwenziwa njalo ngaphandle kokukhululeka kobuhlungu okwanele. Ukucindezeleka nobuhlungu obutholwa izilwane emapulazini embonini kuyizinkomba ezicacile zesimo sonya sale mboni. Ukuqaphela imithelela yezimiso zokuziphatha zokulima efekthri kanye nokusebenzela izindlela ezihlukile zozwelo neziqhubekayo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekubhekaneni nodaba lonya kwezilwane.
Izilwane ziyahlupheka zivalelwe
Ukuvalelwa kwezilwane ezindaweni ezehlukene kube yisihloko esikhathazayo ngenxa yokuhlupheka okukhulu okukubeka kuzo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwengqikithi yokulima kwefekthri, ama-zoo, noma ngisho nobunikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo zasekhaya, ukukhawulelwa kokuziphatha nokunyakaza kwemvelo kwesilwane kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo enhlalakahleni yaso engokwenyama nengqondo. Izilwane zavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, zinenkululeko yokuzulazula, ukudla, ukuzijabulisa, nokuveza imizwa yazo yemvelo. Ukuvalelwa, nokho, kubaphika lezi zidingo eziyisisekelo futhi kuholela ekwandeni kokucindezeleka, isithukuthezi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha okungavamile. Umthelela omubi wokuvalelwa esitokisini enhlalakahleni yezilwane wudaba olubalulekile lokuziphatha okufanele kubhekwane nalo ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuphathwa kozwelo nenhlonipho okwengeziwe kwabanye abantu esiphila nabo.
Ukuminyana kuholela ekusabalaleni kwezifo
Ukuminyana kunoma iziphi izimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi, izindawo zokuhlala eziminyene, noma izinhlelo zokuhamba eziminyene, kubangela ingozi enkulu yokubhebhetheka kwezifo. Lapho abantu besondelene, amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ayanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu kanye nezinqubo zokukhucululwa kwendle kungase kube sengozini ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe noma ingqalasizinda enganele. Ukuminyana kungadala izimo ezikahle zokudluliselwa kwezifo ngokushesha nangokusabalele, njengoba amagciwane angadlulela kalula esuka kumuntu aye komunye ngokuthintana eduze, amaconsi okuphefumula, noma izindawo ezingcolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo eziminyene ngokuvamile zenza kube yinselele ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela izifo kanye nokulawula, njengokuqhelelana komphakathi noma ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalokho, izindawo eziminyene ziba yizindawo zokuzalanisa izifo ezithathelwanayo, okugqamisa ukuphuthuma kokwenziwa ngcono kwezimo zokuphila kanye nokungenelela kwezempilo yomphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nokuminyana nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo.
Ukuzalanisa okuphoqelelwe kanye nokwehlukana kuyahlukumeza
Ukuzalanisa ngenkani kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezilwane emisebenzini yokulima efekthri akugcini nje ngokuphumela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kodwa futhi kubangela ukuhlukumezeka okuhlala isikhathi eside ezilwaneni ezihilelekile. Lezi zinqubo ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle, ngokunganaki inhlalakahle engokomzwelo nangokwengqondo yezilwane. Ukuzalanisa ngempoqo kubandakanya ukumithisa izilwane zesifazane ngaphandle kwemvume yazo, ngokuvamile ngezinqubo ezihlaselayo nezibuhlungu. Lokhu kwephulwa kokuzimela kwabo kokuzala kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokungakhululeki. Ukwengeza, ukuhlukaniswa komama nenzalo yabo ngemva nje kokuzalwa kuwumkhuba ovamile ekulimeni kwasefekthri. Lokhu kwehlukana okungazelelwe kuphazamisa ukusondelana okungokwemvelo nokukhulisa umuzwa wemvelo, kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu obungokomzwelo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kokubili kukamama nengane. Imiphumela ehlala njalo yokuzalanisa ngempoqo kanye nokwehlukana ithinta ngokujulile izilwane, igqamisa unya olungokwemvelo embonini yokulima efekthri.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic kulimaza izilwane
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic emisebenzini yokulima efekthri kubangela usongo olukhulu enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Imithi elwa namagciwane ivame ukunikezwa emfuyweni ukuze ikhule, ivimbele ukuqubuka kwezifo, futhi kunxeshezelwe izimo ezingahlanzekile neziminyene zalezi zikhungo. Nokho, lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi nokweqisa kwama-antibiotic kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo ezilwaneni ngokwazo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kuholela ekusungulweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okwenza le mithi ingasebenzi ekwelapheni izifo zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kuphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yamagciwane ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kwezilwane, kubeke engcupheni impilo yazo yonke kanye nokusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Lokhu akubeki izilwane engcupheni yokungenwa izifo ezingazweli emishanguzweni kuphela kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusakazeka okungenzeka kwalawa magciwane amelana nabantu ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane futhi sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekulinyweni kwasefekthri ukuze kuvikelwe inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
Kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlaba ezingenabuntu
Ukwelashwa kwezilwane ekulinyweni kwefekthri kudlulela ngalé kokusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, njengoba izindlela zokuhlaba ezingenabuntu zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lezi zindlela zibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ekuhluphekeni nobuhlungu obungenasidingo. Imikhuba efana nokuminyana, ukuphatha kabi, kanye nokunganakwa kwezidingo eziyisisekelo konke kuvame kakhulu kulezi zikhungo. Izilwane zingase zibe ngaphansi kwezindlela ezinonya zokuzithiba, njengokuvalelwa ezindaweni eziminyene noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibuhlungu ukuze zingakwazi ukuhamba. Ukwengeza, izindlela ezimangalisayo zingase zingasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuholela ekutheni izilwane ziqaphele futhi ziqaphele ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa. Le mikhuba engenabuntu ayiphuli nje kuphela izindinganiso zokuziphatha kodwa futhi inomthelela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo izilwane ezibhekana nazo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalezi zenzo ezingamukelekile futhi sikhuthaze ezinye izindlela zozwelo embonini yokulima.
Umthelela wemvelo mubi kakhulu
Umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwasefemini uyinhlekelele ngokungangabazeki. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezinamandla ezisetshenziswa kulezi zikhungo ziholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza ngokweqile kanye nokungcola. Imfuyo emikhulu idinga umhlabathi omkhulu, amanzi nokudla ukuze kuqhubeke izilwane eziningi. Lokhu kuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokuncipha kwemithombo yemvelo. Ukwengeza, amanani amakhulu emfucumfucu yezilwane ekhiqizwa amafekthri ayingozi enkulu emigwaqweni yamanzi naseqophelweni lomoya. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, kudala izindawo ezifile ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuvela emfuyweni, okuhlanganisa i-methane ne-nitrous oxide, kunengxenye enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Izinga elikhulu kanye nemikhuba engasimeme yokulima kwamafekthri inomthelela omubi endaweni yethu, idinga ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuguqukela ezenzweni zezolimo ezisimeme futhi ezinokuziphatha okuhle.
Khetha imikhiqizo yezilwane etholakala ngokusemthethweni esikhundleni salokho
Lapho sicubungula imithelela yezimiso zokuziphatha ekukhetheni kwethu ukudla, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo yezilwane. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo yezilwane etholakala ngokusemthethweni, singakwazi ukusekela izinqubo zokulima ezibeka kuqala inhlalakahle nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Imikhiqizo yezilwane etholakala ngokufanelekile ivela emapulazini anikeza izilwane indawo eyanele, ukufinyelela ezindaweni zemvelo, kanye nekhono lokuveza ukuziphatha kwazo kwemvelo. Lawa mapulazi abeka phambili impilo nenjabulo yezilwane, aqinisekise ukuthi zikhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinobuntu ezinokucindezeleka okuncane nokuhlupheka. Ngokukhetha ngokuqaphela imikhiqizo yezilwane etholakala ngokusemthethweni, singafaka isandla ohlelweni lokudla olunozwelo futhi oluzinzile, lapho inhlalakahle yezilwane ibaluleke kakhulu.
Sengiphetha, ubufakazi busobala bokuthi ukulima kwasefekthri akugcini nje ngokufaka isandla ezenzweni zonya lwezilwane, kodwa futhi kunemithelela eminingi engemihle emvelweni, empilweni yomphakathi, kanye namapulazi amancane emindeni. Kungumthwalo wethu njengabathengi ukuzifundisa ukuthi ukudla kwethu kuvelaphi futhi senze izinqumo ezinengqondo zokusekela izinqubo ezisimeme nezinobuntu. Ngokunciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yasefekthri, singathumela umlayezo ezinkampanini ukuthi ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane ngeke kubekezelelwe. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sisukume simelane nokulima kwasefemini futhi silwele izindlela ezilungile neziqhubekayo zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ngokubambisana, singenza umthelela omuhle kuzo zombili izilwane kanye neplanethi yethu.
FAQ
Ukulima kwasefekthri kunemthelela muni enyameni yezilwane?
Ukulima emafekthri kunomthelela ezenzweni zonya lwezilwane ngemikhuba ehlukahlukene njengokuminyana, ukuvalelwa, nokuphathwa ngonya. Izilwane zivame ukugcinwa emakhejini amancane noma izindawo eziminyene, okuholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Bangaphansi kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile njengokudonswa isiqhwala nomsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa. Ukuzalanisa okukhulu kanye nokuxhashazwa kofuzo kuholela ezindabeni zezempilo kanye nokukhubazeka. Izilwane nazo zivame ukwenqatshelwa ukufinyelela ekuziphatheni kwemvelo njengokuklaba noma ukuzalela. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics kanye nama-hormone okukhula kungalimaza kakhulu inhlalakahle yabo. Sekukonke, ukulima kwasefekthri kubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, okubangela unya nokuhlupheka okukhulu.
Yiziphi izinqubo ezithile zokulima efekthri ezithathwa njengonya ezilwaneni?
Imikhuba ethile ekulimeni kwasefekthri ethathwa njengonya ezilwaneni ihlanganisa ukuminyana nokuvalelwa ezindaweni ezincane, ukungakwazi ukufinyelela umoya ohlanzekile nokukhanya kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi elwa namagciwane namahomoni, ukucwiywa kwezicubu okubuhlungu njengokugwetshwa nomsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, kanye nokubulala okungenabuntu. izindlela. Le mikhuba ibeka phambili inzuzo nokusebenza kahle kunenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu nasekucindezelekeni kwezilwane ezihilelekile.
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yesihluku ezilwaneni ekulimeni kwasefekthri empilweni nempilo yezilwane?
Unya lwezilwane ekulinyweni kwasefekthri kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yezilwane. Bangase bahlupheke ngenxa yokulimala ngokomzimba, izifo, nezifo ngenxa yokuminyana, izimo ezingahlanzekile, nokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele kwezilwane. Ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kwengqondo kuvamile, okuholela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha kanye nokuncipha komsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba. Izilwane zivame ukubhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu njengokudonswa umlomo nomsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula kanye nama-antibiotics kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezempilo. Sekukonke, unya lwezilwane ekulinyweni kwasefekthri akubangeli kuphela ukuhlupheka okukhulu kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yezilwane, okuholela empilweni ephansi.
Ingabe ikhona imithethonqubo noma imithetho ekhona yokuvimbela noma yokubhekana nonya kwezilwane endaweni yokulima efekthri?
Yebo, kunemithethonqubo nemithetho ekhona yokuvimbela kanye nokubhekana nonya lwezilwane ekulinyweni kwefekthri. Emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-United States kanye namazwe angamalungu e-European Union, kunemithetho nemithethonqubo ethile ehlose ukuvikela inhlalakahle yezilwane ezifuywa ezindaweni zokulima efekthri. Le mithetho ihlanganisa amalungiselelo ezindlu ezifanele, ukudla, nokunakekelwa kwezilwane, kanye neziqondiso zemikhuba yokuhlaba abantu. Ukwengeza, kunezinhlangano kanye nezinhlelo ezigxile ekukhuthazeni izindinganiso eziqinile zenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokuphoqelela imithetho ekhona ukuvimbela unya ekulimeni kwefekthri. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle nokusetshenziswa kwale mithethonqubo kungahluka, futhi kunenkulumompikiswano eqhubekayo nemizamo yokuqinisa nokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane kule mboni.
Abathengi bangenza kanjani ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ukusekela inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi balwe nonya lwezilwane ekulimeni kwefekthri?
Abathengi bangenza ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ngokukhetha imikhiqizo esekelwe ezitshalweni nengenalo unya, ukusekela ezolimo zendawo neziqhubekayo, kanye nokufuna izitifiketi ezifana ne-Certified Humane noma I-Animal Welfare Approved. Ukwengeza, ukuzifundisa ngezinqubo zezinkampani ezahlukene nokukhetha ukusekela labo abanezindinganiso eziphakeme zenhlalakahle yezilwane kungenza umthelela omkhulu. Ukuqaphela ukumoswa kokudla nokukhetha ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama nakho kungaba nomthelela ekulweni nonya lwezilwane ekulimeni kwefekthri. Ekugcineni, ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi nokweseka amabhizinisi abeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kungasiza abathengi bafake isandla ohlelweni lokudla olunokuziphatha okuhle nolunozwela.
