Indaba yokugawulwa kwamahlathi iye yanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, njengoba imithelela engemihle endaweni ezungezile nesimo sezulu sembulunga yonke iba sobala kakhulu. Nakuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunezici eziningi ezinomthelela, indima yokulima ngezilwane kule nkinga ayinakubukelwa phansi. Ngokukhula kwesidingo senyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane, isidingo sendawo yokufuya nokutshala izitshalo ezifuywayo siye saholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi okuphawulekayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu kuhlobana phakathi kokulima kwezilwane nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuwudaba oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olunezici eziningi, olunomthelela emvelweni nasemiphakathini yabantu. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ubuhlobo phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili futhi sihlole izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukulima kwezilwane okunomthelela ngazo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Kusukela ekucekeleni phansi amahlathi ezindawo zamadlelo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kakhulu kwezinsiza zokukhiqiza ukudla, sizohlola imithelela eqondile nengaqondile yokulima kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Ngokukhanyisela lokhu kuxhumana, sithemba ukuletha ukunaka esidingweni esiphuthumayo sezinqubo eziqhubekayo nezinesibopho embonini yezolimo yezilwane.
Umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi
Ukwanda okusheshayo kokufuywa kwezilwane kuye kwaba nomthelela omkhulu emazingeni okugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba isidingo senyama nemikhiqizo yezilwane siqhubeka sikhula, izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ziye zagawulwa ukuze kuvuleke indawo yemfuyo kanye nokutshalwa kwezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi kuqhutshwa isidingo sokwengeza amadlelo nomhlaba olimekayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zemboni. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi akuholeli nje kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwemvelo ebalulekile nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa kunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Amahlathi anendima ebalulekile ekuqothulweni kwe-carbon, futhi ukubhujiswa kwawo kukhiphela isikhutha esiningi emkhathini, okwandisa umphumela wokushisa. Umthelela wokufuywa kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi wudaba olucindezelayo oludinga ukunakwa ngokushesha kanye nezixazululo ezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yako yemvelo.
Ukuhlanza indawo yokufuya izinkomo
Ukwanda kokufuywa kwezinkomo kube yimbangela enkulu yokugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba isidingo senyama yenkomo neminye imikhiqizo yezinkomo sikhula, izindawo ezinkulu ziyasuswa ukuze kuhlaliswe imihlambi ekhulayo. Inqubo yokuhlanza ngokuvamile ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokusika nokushisa, lapho izihlahla nezimila zigawulwa kuqala bese zishiswa ukuze kuvuleleke amadlelo. Lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokubhubhisa izimiso zemvelo zasehlathini ezibalulekile kodwa futhi ukhiphela isikhutha esiningi emkhathini. Ukwengeza, ukulahleka kwamahlathi kuphazamisa imijikelezo yamanzi emvelo, okuholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi nokuncipha kwezinga lamanzi ezindaweni ezizungezile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abafuyi, kanye nabathengi basebenzisane ukuze bathole ezinye izindlela ezisimeme ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokufuywa kwezinkomo futhi zikhuthaze ukongiwa kwamahlathi.
Isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezilwane
Isidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane siletha inselele eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nokusimama nokongiwa kwemvelo. Njengoba amaphethini okudla ashintsha kanye nokuceba kukhula ezifundeni eziningi, kuba nesifiso esikhulayo senyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo esekelwe ezilwaneni. Lokhu kukhula kwesidingo kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ezimbonini zezolimo zezilwane, okuholela ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza eziqinisiwe kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kwemfuyo. Imiphumela yalesi sidingo esikhulayo idlulela ngalé kokugawulwa kwamahlathi, njengoba kunomthelela ezindabeni ezinjengokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukubhekana nalolu daba oluxubile kudinga indlela ephelele ehlanganisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, enye imithombo yamaprotheni, kanye nokufundisa abathengi ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhetha okufanele. Ngokubheka umthelela wemvelo wokukhetha kwethu ukudla kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezibeka phambili ukusimama, singasebenzela ikusasa elinokulinganisela neliqaphela imvelo.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zemvelo kuwukukhathazeka okuphuthumayo okudinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo kanye nesinyathelo. Imisebenzi yabantu, ehlanganisa ezolimo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha, iholele ekucekeleni phansi nasekuhlukaniseni imvelo emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba izindawo zemvelo zisuswa ngezinhloso ezehlukene, njengokutshalwa kwezitshalo kanye nokwandiswa kwengqalasizinda, inqwaba yezinhlobo zezilwane ziyasuswa noma ziphonswe ekuqothulweni. Ukulahleka kwalezi zindawo akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukulingana kwemvelo okuntekenteke kodwa futhi kunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeplanethi yethu, okubalulekile ekulondolozeni imvelo enempilo. Kubalulekile ukubeka eqhulwini imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe, izindlela ezisimeme zokusetshenziswa komhlaba, nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ezonakele, ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela emibi futhi kugcinwe amagugu emvelo ayigugu esiwazuze njengefa. Ngokubona ukubaluleka kokugcina imvelo ingaguquki kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokusebenzisana, singalwela ukuphilisana ngendlela eqhubekayo nokunobunye phakathi kokuthuthukiswa komuntu kanye nokulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo zeplanethi yethu.
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo
Ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuwohloka kwezimiso zemvelo kunemiphumela efinyelela kude empilweni yeplanethi yethu. Ukuxhumana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo kwakha isisekelo sokuqina kwemvelo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem. Nokho, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okudlangile, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kuye kwaphumela ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo nasekuphazamisekeni kwezinqubo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akugcini nje ngokusongela ukuphila kohlobo ngalunye kodwa futhi kubukela phansi ukuzinza nokusebenza kwazo zonke izimiso zemvelo. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene nezichumayo, sisengozini yokulahlekelwa izinsiza ezibalulekile, njengomoya ohlanzekile namanzi, inhlabathi evundile, nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu semvelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nezimbangela zalokhu kwehla, sikhuthaze izindlela ezisimeme zokuphatha umhlaba kanye nezinsiza, futhi sizibandakanye ngenkuthalo emizamweni yokubuyisela indawo yokuhlala ukuze kunqandwe ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvikela ibhalansi entekenteke yemvelo yethu. Kuphela ngemizamo ebumbene kanye nokuzibophezela okuhlangene ekongiweni kwemvelo lapho singathemba khona ukubuyisela nokuvikela iwebhu ecebile yokuphila esisekela sonke.
Igalelo ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa
Ukulima kwezilwane kudlala indima enkulu ekubambeni iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okwenza kube nzima udaba oseluvele lucindezela lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, okuhlanganisa izinkomo, izingulube, nezinkukhu, kuwumthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kwe-methane ne-nitrous oxide, amagesi amabili abamba ukushisa anamandla. I-methane ikhishwa phakathi nenqubo yokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezelusayo, kuyilapho i-nitrous oxide ikhiqizwa ekufakweni kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali nokuphathwa komquba. Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kunomthelela kumphumela we-greenhouse, kubambe ukushisa emkhathini futhi kuholele ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezifuywayo kudinga ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okukhulu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kukhiphe ikhabhoni egciniwe emkhathini. Ukubhekana neqhaza lezolimo zezilwane ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokukhuthaza uhlelo lokudla olubhekelela imvelo.
Imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okudlangile okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke nakho kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Izihlahla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngokumunca isikhutha emkhathini ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Nokho, lapho amahlathi egawulwa, kungaba ngezokulima, ukugawulwa kwemithi, noma ukuthuthela emadolobheni, lo sinki wemvelo we-carbon uyaphazamiseka. Ikhabhoni egcinwe ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni ibuyiselwa emkhathini, ibe nomthelela ekunqwabeleni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukwengeza, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa amandla oMhlaba okulawula izinga lokushisa kanye namaphethini emvula, okuholela ekungalinganini kwesimo sezulu sesifunda nesomhlaba. Ukulahlekelwa ukumbozwa kwamahlathi nakho kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kuphazamise imvelo, okubhebhethekisa kakhulu imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuze kuliwe nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuphumelelayo , kubalulekile ukubhekana nendaba yokugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi kusetshenziswe izinqubo ezisimeme zokuphatha umhlaba ezikhuthaza ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nokongiwa kwamahlathi.
Ezinye izindlela ezisimeme zokulima kwezilwane
Ukuze kubhekwane nezinselelo zemvelo ezibangelwa ukulima kwezilwane, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezisimeme. Izidlo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni zithole ukuthandwa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje njengendlela eqhubekayo enciphisa ukuthembela emikhiqizweni yezilwane. Ngokudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene okusekelwe ezitshalweni njengezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, abantu ngabanye bangathola izakhi ezidingekayo namaprotheni ngaphandle kokuba neqhaza ekugawulweni kwamahlathi noma ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ahlobene nokulima kwezilwane. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokudla kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo zenyama esekelwe ezitshalweni ezilingisa eduze ukunambitheka nokuthungwa kwemikhiqizo yendabuko esekelwe ezilwaneni. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zinikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa umthelela wabo kwezemvelo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukunambitheka noma inani lokudla okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme ezibeka eqhulwini ukulima okuvuselelayo, ukutshala amahlathi, kanye nokufakwa kwamakhemikhali ancishisiwe kungaba negalelo ekulondolozweni kwamahlathi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho futhi kusekela umnotho wendawo kanye nemiphakathi. Sekukonke, ukwamukela lezi zindlela ezisimeme zokulima kwezilwane kungabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwehliseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi ukulima kwezilwane kuyimbangela enkulu ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile kithi ukuthi sizifundise ngomthelela wezinketho zethu zokudla futhi sicabangele izinketho ezizinzile. Ukwengeza, ohulumeni nezinkampani kufanele futhi bazibophezele futhi benze izinguquko ukuze banciphise imiphumela elimazayo yokulima kwezilwane endaweni yethu. Ngokusebenzisana, singasiza ukuvikela iplanethi yethu futhi siqinisekise ikusasa elinempilo lazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Masilwele ukuthola umhlaba osimeme futhi onozwelo.
FAQ
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela kanjani ekugawulweni kwamahlathi?
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ziyagawulwa ukuze kuvuleke imfuyo edlelweni futhi kutshalwe izitshalo zokondla izilwane. Lokhu kuphumela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo ewusizo yezitshalo nezilwane ezingenakubalwa. Okwesibili, izihlahla zivame ukugawulwa ukuze kutholakale izinkuni zokwakha izindawo zokukhosela, ukubiya nothango lokubasa ukupheka. Ukwengeza, ukunwetshwa kokulima kwezilwane kudinga ukugenwa komhlaba ukuze kusetshenziswe ingqalasizinda, njengemigwaqo kanye nezindawo zokucubungula. Umphumela onqwabelene wale misebenzi uwukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi, okungagcini nje ngokuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi okunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa amandla omhlaba okumunca isikhutha.
Yiziphi izifunda eziyinhloko ezithintekayo ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokulima kwezilwane?
Izifunda eziyinhloko ezithintwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokulima kwezilwane ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon eNingizimu Melika, lapho izindawo ezinkulu zigawulwa khona ukuze kufuywe izinkomo, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi amazwe anjenge-Indonesia neMalaysia, lapho kugawulwa khona inqwaba yamahlathi ukuze kutholwe amafutha esundu. amasimu. Lezi zifunda zibhekene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuphawulekayo ngenxa yokwanda kwezolimo zezilwane, okunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala, ukwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Imizamo yokubhekana nalolu daba ihlanganisa ukugqugquzela izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, kanye nokweseka imizamo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi.
Iyini imiphumela yemvelo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa ukulima kwezilwane?
Imiphumela yemvelo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa ukulima kwezilwane ibalulekile. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kukhiqizwe imfuyo kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kuphumela ekukhishweni kwesikhutha, okuwumthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Kuphinde kuholele ekulahlekeni kwendawo okuhlala kuyo izilwane ezingenakubalwa, okuziphushela ekushabalalani. Ukususwa kwezihlahla kubeka inhlabathi ekugugulekeni, kuphazamise imvelo futhi kuphazamise izinga lamanzi. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, umanyolo, kanye nemfucumfucu evela ekulima kwezilwane kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi eseduze , kulimaza impilo yasemanzini kanye nempilo yabantu. Le miphumela igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinqubo ezisimeme nezivuselelayo ekulimeni kwezilwane.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela ezisimeme esikhundleni sokulima kwezilwane ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi?
Yebo, kunezinye izindlela ezisimeme esikhundleni sokulima ngezilwane ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Okunye okungenziwa wukulima okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okugxile ekutshaleni izitshalo ezizodliwa abantu esikhundleni sokufuya izilwane. Ngokuguqukela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, singanciphisa isidingo sokufuya, okuwumbangela omkhulu wokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukwengeza, izinqubo ze-agroforestry, njengokuhlanganisa izihlahla ezinhlelweni zokulima, zingasiza ekubuyiseleni izindawo ezonakele, zithuthukise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi zinikeze imithombo eqhubekayo yokudla nemali engenayo. Ukukhuthaza lezi zindlela ezisimeme kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nemithelela ehambisana nakho kwezemvelo.
Yiziphi ezinye zezixazululo ezingaba khona noma amasu okunciphisa umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi?
Ezinye zezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa umthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi zihlanganisa ukukhuthaza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, nokwamukela izindlela zokutshala amahlathi. Ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba bakhethe ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kunganciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isidingo sokulima kwezilwane ngezinga elikhulu kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhambisana nakho. Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme, njengokudlisa ngokushintshanisa nokusebenzisa izitshalo ezisibekela, kungasiza ukunciphisa umhlaba odingekayo ekulimeni kwezilwane. Ukwengeza, ukwamukela izindlela ze-agroforestry, ezihlanganisa izihlahla ezinhlelweni zokulima, kungasiza ekubuyiseleni nasekuvikeleni amahlathi kuyilapho kusavumela ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo. Lawa maqhinga angaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhambisana nokulima kwezilwane.
