Ukukhiqizwa kwenyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane emapulazini efektri kube yinkinga ephikisanayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Nakuba lezi zikhungo zenzelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhula njalo semikhiqizo esuselwa ezilwaneni, kunobufakazi obandayo obuzixhumanisa nokukhathazeka ngempilo yomphakathi. Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane kulezi zindawo zezimboni kuphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kodwa okuvame ukunganakwa umthelela ongaba khona empilweni yabantu. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kuya ekusabalaleni kwezifo ezibangelwa yizilwane ezifuywayo, izimo emapulazini efektri zingaba nemiphumela ebanzi empilweni yomphakathi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nokukhathazeka ngempilo yomphakathi emapulazini efektri, sihlole ucwaningo futhi sixoxe ngezixazululo ezingaba khona zalolu daba oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokukhanyisa lesi sici esivame ukunganakwa sokulima efektri, sithemba ukukhulisa ulwazi nokukhuthaza indlela enolwazi nenesimilo yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane ecabangela kokubili inhlalakahle yezilwane nempilo yabantu.
Umthelela wokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane empilweni
Ukuphathwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kanye nonya olubangelwa yizo kunemiphumela ebanzi empilweni yomphakathi. Lapho izilwane zibhekene nezimo ezingafanele, ukuminyana ngokweqile, kanye nezindawo ezingahlanzekile, kudala indawo yokuzalela ukusabalala kwezifo. Eziningi zalezi zifo zingadluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana ngqo nezilwane ezinegciwane, ukudla inyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi engcolile, noma ukuchayeka emithonjeni yamanzi angcolile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kanye nokulimala okutholwa yizilwane kulezi zimo ezinonya kungalimaza amasosha omzimba azo, kuzenze zibe sengozini enkulu yezifo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni inhlalakahle iyonke yezilwane kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba ezifo ezibangelwa yizilwane, ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Ukulima kwasefektri kanye nokuphepha kokudla
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi okuhlobene nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri, kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yokuphepha kokudla. Imikhuba yokulima eqinile esetshenziswa kulezi zikhungo ivame ukubeka phambili ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kunokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokugcina yokudla. Lokhu kungaholela ekungcoleni kwenyama, izinkukhu, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi ngamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella, i-E. coli, kanye neCampylobacter. Izimo zokungahlanzeki kanye nokuntuleka kwezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka ezifanele kunegalelo ekwandeni kwalezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okubeka ingozi enkulu kubathengi abadla le mikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela emapulazini efektri kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane amelana namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla. Imithetho eqinile kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kukhathazeka futhi kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi.
Indima yama-antibiotics kwezolimo
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo kanye nokukhiqiza kwemfuyo. Ama-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa izilwane emapulazini efektri ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezingasakazeka ngokushesha ezimweni ezinabantu abaningi nezingcolile. Le mithi isiza ukulawula ukutheleleka ngamagciwane nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane iyonke. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukukhathazeka okwandayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo. Ukuphathwa njalo kwama-antibiotic njengendlela yokuvimbela kungasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane angamelani nama-antibiotic, okusongela impilo yezilwane kanye neyabantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abalimi kanye nezinhlangano ezilawulayo bamukele imikhuba yokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic enomthwalo wemfanelo, okuhlanganisa ukulandela izikhathi zokuhoxiswa kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okuvimbela izifo ahlukile, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo.
Imikhuba engemihle kanye nokuqubuka kwezifo
Ukugcinwa kwenhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini efektri kuyisici esibalulekile semikhuba yokulima enomthwalo wemfanelo. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo lapho imikhuba engalungile kulezi zikhungo iholele ekuqubukeni kwezifo okunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, izimo ezixinene kakhulu nezingcolile emapulazini efektri zidala indawo yokuzalela izifo ukuze zichume futhi zisakazeke phakathi kwezilwane. Lezi zifo zingabe sezidluliselwa kalula kubantu ngokuxhumana okuqondile noma ngokudla imikhiqizo yenyama engcolile. Ukuntuleka kwezinqubo zokuhlanzeka ezifanele kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane okunganele kwamanye amapulazi efektri kwandisa ingozi yokuqubuka kwezifo.
Imiphumela yezolimo zasefektri kwezemvelo
Imikhuba yokulima efektri inemiphumela ebalulekile kwezemvelo engenakunakwa. Ukuvalelwa kakhulu kwezilwane kule misebenzi kuholela enanini elikhulu lemfucuza, evame ukungcolisa imigwaqo yamanzi nenhlabathi eseduze. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic nama-hormone ekulimeni efektri nakho kunegalelo enkingeni ekhulayo yokumelana nama-antibiotic, okubeka izingozi empilweni yabantu neyezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhulu sokudla kwezilwane siye sabangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, njengoba izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zihlanzwa ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo zemfuyo. Lokhu kubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo akugcini nje ngokusongela ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kubhebhethekisa ushintsho lwesimo sezulu ngokukhipha amagesi amaningi okushisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalezi zinkinga zemvelo ezihlobene nokulima efektri ukuze sivikele iplanethi yethu futhi siqinisekise ikusasa eliqhubekayo labo bonke.
Izingozi zokudla inyama engcolile
Ukudla inyama engcolile kubeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Emapulazini asefektri, lapho izilwane zivame ukugcinwa khona ezindaweni eziminyene nezingcolile, kunethuba elikhulu lokudluliswa kwezifo. Amagciwane amagciwane njengeSalmonella, i-E. coli, kanye neCampylobacter angasakazeka kalula phakathi kwezilwane, okuholela emikhiqizweni yenyama engcolile. Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo ezinkulu kubantu, okuhlanganisa ubuthi bokudla kanye nokutheleleka kwamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwasefektri kungasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane amelana namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelashwa kwezifo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nenkinga yenyama engcolile ukuze sivikele impilo yomphakathi futhi sivimbele ukusabalala kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla.
Ukukhathazeka ngempilo yomphakathi ezindaweni zokubulala
Nakuba ukulima kwezimboni kudonsele ukunaka ngokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, kukhona nokukhathazeka okukhulu ngempilo yomphakathi okuhlobene nezindawo zokulahlela. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuvela ezimweni nemikhuba yokungahlanzeki etholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokulahlela ezinkulu. Indawo enabantu abaningi necindezelayo kulezi zindawo, kuhlangene nokucubungula izilwane ngokushesha, kwandisa ingozi yokungcola kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane. Ukuphathwa nokucubungula inyama ngendlela engafanele kungaholela ekubeni khona kwamagciwane anjenge-E. coli ne-Salmonella, okubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwezimboni kunegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okwenza impilo yomphakathi ibe sengozini enkulu.
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Njengoba sesibonile, ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kodwa futhi kubeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Njengabathengi, singenza umehluko ngokukhetha ukusekela imikhuba yokulima enokuziphatha nokuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisana, singakha umhlaba onempilo nozwela kakhulu kokubili izilwane nabantu.
Imininingo Evamile
Yiziphi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi ezihlobene nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri?
Ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi ezihambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri zifaka phakathi ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, kanye nokungcola kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Izimo ezigcwele kakhulu nezingcolile kula mapulazi zakha indawo yokuzalela kwamagciwane anjenge-E. coli kanye ne-Salmonella, angadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic emapulazini efektri kunegalelo ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, okubeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Sekukonke, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokokuziphatha kodwa futhi kunemiphumela ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi.
Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kunegalelo kanjani ekusabalaleni kwezifo kanye nokumelana nama-antibiotic?
Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri kunegalelo ekusabalaleni kwezifo kanye nokumelana nama-antibiotic ngezindlela eziningana. Izimo eziminyene nezingcolile zinikeza indawo yokuzalela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okwandisa amathuba okudluliswa kwezifo. Ukucindezeleka kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka zezilwane ezikulezi zimo nakho kwenza zibe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Ukuze kulawulwe futhi kuvinjwe lezi zifo, amapulazi efektri avame ukuthembela kakhulu kuma-antibiotic, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile nasekusetshenzisweni kabi kwale mithi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, angadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile noma ngokuxhumana ngqo nabasebenzi basemapulazini.
Ingabe kukhona izifo noma izifo ezithile ezingaxhunyaniswa ngqo nezimo ezisemapulazini efektri?
Yebo, kunezifo eziningana kanye nokutheleleka okungaxhunyaniswa ngqo nezimo emapulazini efektri. Isibonelo esisodwa ukusabalala kwamagciwane angamelana namagciwane, okungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo zezilwane. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwabantu okunzima ukukwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulazi efektri angafaka isandla ekusabalaleni kwezifo zezilwane ezizalwa yizilwane, okuyizifo ezingadluliselwa phakathi kwezilwane nabantu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane wezinyoni (umkhuhlane wezinyoni) kanye nomkhuhlane wezingulube. Ukuvalelwa eduze kanye nezimo zokungahlanzeki emapulazini efektri kungenza kube lula ukudluliselwa nokusabalala kwalezi zifo.
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu uma udaba lokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri lungaxazululwa?
Uma udaba lokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane emapulazini efektri lungaxazululwa, kungaba nemiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu. Amapulazi efektri avame ukwenza imikhuba engaholela ekusabalaleni kwezifo, njengokuminyana kanye nezimo ezingahlanzekile. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yezifo ezibangelwa yizilwane ezizalwa, ezidluliselwa ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic emapulazini efektri ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kungafaka isandla ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela wengqondo wokuvumela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kuqhubeke kungalawulwa nakho kungaba nemiphumela emibi enhlalakahleni yomphakathi iyonke.
Umphakathi ungasebenza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini efektri ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi?
Umphakathi ungasebenzela ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yezilwane emapulazini efektri ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi ngokusebenzisa imithethonqubo eqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphoqelela. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubeka amazinga aphezulu ezimweni zokuphila kwezilwane, ukunciphisa ukuminyana nokucindezeleka, ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwezilwane, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokulima ezibeka phambili impilo nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo yomphakathi kanye nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa ingasiza ekukhuliseni ulwazi mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kwenhlalakahle yezilwane nempilo yomphakathi, ukukhuthaza abathengi ukuthi basekele izinketho zokudla eziphakanyisiwe ngokokuziphatha nezisimeme. Ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni, imboni, kanye namaqembu okumela abathengi kubalulekile ekushayeleni ushintsho olunenjongo nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
