I-nitrogen iyinto ebalulekile yokuphila emhlabeni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, lapho amanani aphezulu we-nitrogen engena imvelo, angaba nemiphumela elimazayo kwimvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Omunye wabanikeli abaphambili kulolu daba ngumkhakha wezolimo, ngokuqondile ezolimo zezilwane. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuphathwa kwemfuyo, okubandakanya izinkomo, izinkukhu nezingulube, zixhunyaniswe namazinga abalulekile ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Le nto yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umanyolo nomquba, ocebile eNitrogen, nasekukhuphukeni kwe-ammonia okukhiqizwa imfucuza yezilwane. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho-ke ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wezolimo zezilwane ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen, sihlolisise izimbangela, imiphumela, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona. Ngokuqonda lobu budlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi, singaqala ukubhekana nale ndaba yokucindezela kwezemvelo futhi sisebenzele emikhubeni eqhubekayo yezolimo.
Ezolimo Zezilwane: Isingcolisi esihamba phambili se-nitrogen
Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhathazeka ngezemvelo, udaba olulodwa oluvame ukunganakwa luyinikela elibalulekile kwezolimo zezilwane ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. I-nitrogen, umsoco obalulekile wokukhula kwezitshalo, kuyadingeka ezenzweni zezolimo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kabi kokungcola kwezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo osuselwa kwi-nitrogen ku-Animal Ezolimo kuholele emazingeni ethusekisa ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen emigwaqweni yamanzi nasenhlabathini. Lokhu kungcoliswa akugcini nje ngokusongela impilo yezemvelo kodwa futhi kunemiphumela elimazayo ngempilo yabantu. Ukugijimisa okweqile kwe-nitrogen kusuka emapulazini ezilwane kungangcolisa ukuthola imithombo yamanzi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamakhompiyutha ayingozi njenge-nitrate, okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zabantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen eyeqile emizimbeni yamanzi ingadala ama-algal blooms, iphazamisa imvelo yasemanzini kanye nokuholela ekunciphiseni komoya-mpilo emanzini, kusongela okunye ukusinda kwezinhlobo zasemanzini. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kudinga ukwenziwa kwemikhuba yokulima okuzinzile kanye nemithetho eqinile ukunciphisa imithelela yemvelo yalo mkhakha.
Imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen ku-ecosystems
Imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen ezinhlamvini zemvelo ifinyelela kude futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Amazinga we-nitrogen amaningi emizimbeni yamanzi angaholela ekutholeni i-eutrophication, inqubo lapho okwenziwe khona kwezakhamzimba kubangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-algal. Lo mthunzi wokukhula we-algal ukhipha ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, unciphise amazinga we-oksijini emanzini futhi wakhe lokho okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "izindawo ezifile." Lezi zindawo ezincishisiwe ze-oksijini azinakufinyeleleka ezintweni eziningi zasemanzini, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuncipha kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokufa kwabantu abaningi bempilo yasolwandle. Ngokwengeziwe, amazinga andayo we-nitrogen angaguqula amakhemikhali enhlabathi, athinta imiphakathi yezitshalo futhi aphazamise ukulinganisela okubucayi kwe-mostscer yezakhi zomzimba. Imithelela yokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen ku-ecosystems ayilimazi impilo kanye nokusinda kwezitshalo zezitshalo nezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene kodwa futhi inemiphumela yokuhlamba iketanga lonke futhi ekugcineni kuthinte ukuqina kwemvelo.
I-nitrogen kanye nokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu: Ukuxhumeka
I-nitrogen kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwabelana ngobuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi, ne-nitrogen edlala indima enkulu ekubambeni iqhaza ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. I-nitrous oxide (N2O), igesi enamandla yokuvikela ukushisa, ikhishwa ngokuyinhloko emkhathini ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yezolimo efana nokusetshenziswa komanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza yezilwane. I-nitrous oxide inekhono lokufudumalo lomhlaba wonke elicishe libe yizikhathi ezingama-300 likhulu ngaphezu kwekhabhoni dioksion esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-100, okwenza kube ngumqambi obalulekile ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekwa kwe-nitrogen kusuka emisebenzini yezolimo kungaholela ekutheni kukhishwe amanye amagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-methane (CH4), ngokusebenzisana nge-microorganisms yenhlabathi. Ukuqonda nokubhekana nokuhlangana phakathi kokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu asebenzayo ukunciphisa imithelela yazo zombili lezi zinto futhi aqhubekele esikhathini esizayo.
Ukunciphisa imfucuza yezilwane ngamanzi ahlanzekile
Ukuzuza imithombo yamanzi ehlanzekile, kubalulekile ukubhekana nodaba lokunciphisa imfucuza yezilwane ezindleleni zezolimo. Ezolimo Zezilwane, ikakhulukazi ukulima imfuyo ebanzi, kungumthelela omkhulu ekungcoleni kwamanzi, ngokuyinhloko ngokukhishwa kwezakhi zomzimba ezinjenge-nitrogen emizimbeni yamanzi. Lezi zezakhamzimba, lapho zikhona ngamanani amaningi ngokweqile, zingaholela e-eutrophication, inqubo edonsa ama-algal blooms alimazayo kanye nokudangala komoya-mpilo, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye ne-aquatic ecosystems. Ukuqalisa amasu asebenzayo wokulawulwa kwemfucuza ngaphakathi kwemboni yezolimo yezilwane, njengokugcina kahle nezinhlelo zokulahla, kunganciphisa kakhulu inani le-nitrogen nokunye ukungcola okungena emigwaqweni yethu yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza izindlela ezizinzile zezolimo eziqhubekela phambili ukuphinda zisebenze kabusha kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kungasiza ekunciphiseni imfucuza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zomzimba, kunciphisa futhi umthelela kwikhwalithi yamanzi. Ngokubeka phambili izindlela zokunciphisa imfucuza yezilwane, singavikele izinsizakusebenza zethu zamanzi futhi silwele ekuhlanzeni okuhlanzekile futhi okuzinzile.
Izinketho zabathengi zithonya ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen
Izinketho zabathengi nazo zidlala indima enkulu ekutholeni ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen. Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, njengenyama nobisi, sinomthelela ngqo esikalini namandla ezolimo zezilwane. Abathengi bangenza umehluko ngokukhetha izindlela zokudla ezizinzile nezemvelo. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama noma ukuguqukela kwezimali ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo kungasiza ukudambisa ubunzima ezinhlelweni zezolimo futhi wehlise isidingo sokulima izilwane ezinamandla. Ngokwenza izinqumo eziqondayo futhi usekele ezolimo ezizinzile, abathengi bangafaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen futhi bagqugquzele uhlelo lokudla olunempilo nolwenzekile.
Ekuphetheni, ngenkathi ezolimo zezilwane zingaba imboni edingekayo yokuthola umhlangano wemikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, kubalulekile ukuthi sibheke futhi sinciphise umthelela wezemvelo okuhambisana nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen. Noma ngabe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezizinzile zokulima, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, noma ukutshala imali emithonjeni yamaprotheni, kungathi ukuthatha isenzo ngathi ikusasa elinempilo futhi elizinzile kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi sisebenzele ekutholeni indlela enokulinganisela nenokufanele yokondla inani lethu elikhulayo.
FAQ
Izolimo yezilwane ziyifaka kanjani ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen?
Ezolimo Zezilwane zinikela ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa komanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen ezitshalweni ezitshalwe njengokudla kwezilwane. Lawa manyolo angakhalela imizimba yamanzi, ebangela i-eutrophication kanye nama-algal blooms ayingozi. Ngokwengeziwe, imfucumfucu yezilwane, efana nomquba, inamazinga aphezulu e-nitrogen, angabalekela emithonjeni yamanzi aseduze afake isandla ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Ukuqoqwa kwezilwane emisebenzini yokudla eboshelwe nakho kuholela ekuqongeleleni komquba, okungaba nzima ukuphatha futhi kungakhipha i-nitrogen emvelweni uma kungalashwa kahle.
Yimiphi imithombo eyinhloko yokungcola kwe-nitrogen kwezolimo zezilwane?
Imithombo esemqoka yokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kwizolimo zezilwane ingumquba nomanyolo. Umquba, oqukethe amazinga aphezulu we-nitrogen, uvame ukugcinwa ngamanani amakhulu futhi angagibela emizimbeni yamanzi aseduze, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu we-nitrogen. Ngokwengeziwe, umanyolo usetshenziswe ezolimo zezilwane, ezinjengenyolo zokwenziwa ze-nitrogen, kungaba nomthelela ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen lapho seqiwe noma kulawulwa kahle. Le mithombo yokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen ingaba nemiphumela eyingozi ngekhwalithi yamanzi, okuholela ekuhlolweni nasekuqhakazeni okuyingozi kwe-algal.
Ngabe ukungcola kwe-nitrogen kusuka engozini yezilwane kuyathinta kanjani imizimba yamanzi nemvelo yemvelo?
Ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kusuka kwezolimo zezilwane kungaba nemithelela ebalulekile emizimbeni yamanzi nasezemvelo. Ukugibela ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen kusuka ekusebenzeni kwemfuyo kungaholela ekutheni kube nokukhuculula kwezakhi zomzimba emizimbeni yamanzi, kubangele ama-algal blooms kanye namazinga we-oxygen anciphisa. Lezi zimbali ze-algal zingadala "izindawo ezifile" lapho impilo yasemanzini ayinakuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kungaphazamisa ukulinganisela kwemvelo yemvelo ngokuthanda ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo noma i-algae, engakhipha imibuthani yendabuko. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emihle kuyo yonke imvelo, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinguquko kumawebhusayithi okudla.
Yiziphi izingozi zezempilo ezihambisana nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kusuka kwezolimo zezilwane?
Ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kusuka kwezolimo zezilwane kungaba nezingozi eziningi zezempilo ezingaba khona. Ukugibela ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen kusuka emapulazini kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, okuholela emazingeni anda kakhulu ama-nitrate emanzini okuphuza. Amazinga we-Nitrate High kumanzi okuphuza angabeka engcupheni yempilo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngoba kungaphazamisa amandla athwala umoya-mpilo wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kungafaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwama-blooms alimazayo ezindizeni zamanzi, ezingakhipha ubuthi obungaba yingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen osetshenziswa eqenjini lezilwane angafaka isandla ekungcoleni komoya, okuholela ezindabeni zokuphefumula kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo zenhliziyo nezifo zamaphaphu.
Ingabe ikhona imisebenzi eqhubekayo noma ubuchwepheshe obungasiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kusuka kwezolimo zezilwane?
Yebo, kunemikhuba eminingana eqhubekayo nobuchwepheshe obungasiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen kusuka kwezolimo zezilwane. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka ukusebenzisa amasu wokudla okunembile ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-nitrogen ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa amasistimu wokulawulwa komquba njengama-anaerobic agate Ngokwengeziwe, kufaka izitshalo ezilungisa ama-nitrogen noma ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen inhibitors zokwenziwa kungasiza ukwehlisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-nitrogen futhi kunciphise ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen. Le mikhuba nobuchwepheshe ingasiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen futhi kukhuthaze ezolimo zezilwane ezizinzile futhi ezinobungane.
