Ukuzingela Ngokungemthetho Kwezilwane Zasendle: Ukukhaphela Okukhulu Ngokumelene Nezidalwa Zemvelo

Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwezilwane zasendle kume njengebala elimnyama ebudlelwaneni babantu nomhlaba wemvelo. Imele ukukhaphela okukhulu ngokumelene nezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu ezihlanganyela iplanethi yethu. Njengoba inani lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane lincipha ngenxa yokuhaha okunganeliseki kwabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ukulinganisela okuntekenteke kwesimiso semvelo kuyaphazamiseka, futhi ikusasa lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo lisengozini. Le ndatshana icubungula ukujula kokuzingela kwezilwane zasendle, ihlola izimbangela zako, imiphumela, kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sezinyathelo ezihlangene zokulwa nalobu bugebengu obubi obubhekiswe kwendalo.

Usizi Lokuzingelwa Ngokungemthetho

Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukubulawa, noma ukuthunjwa kwezilwane zasendle, kuye kwaba isishayo sezilwane zasendle amakhulu eminyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi beshukunyiswa isidingo sezindebe zangaphandle, imithi yesintu, noma imikhiqizo yezilwane enenzuzo enkulu, abazingeli babonisa ukungakunaki okungenangqondo ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kokuphila kanye nezindima zemvelo ezifezwa yilezi zilwane. Izindlovu ezibulawelwa amazinyo endlovu, obhejane abazingelwa izimpondo zabo, nezingwe ezihloselwe amathambo abo kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zomonakalo obangelwa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho.

Nazi izilwane ezimbalwa inani lazo ezithintwe ukuzingela ngokungemthetho.

Izinyamazane:

Ama-antelopes, anezinhlobo zawo ezinhle kanye nokunyakaza kwawo okuhle, ayingxenye ebalulekile ye-savanna yase-Afrika kanye nemvelo ehlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, naphezu kobuhle bazo nokubaluleka kwendawo ezungezile, lezi zilwane ezinkulu zibhekana nosongo olukhulu lokuzingela ngokungemthetho kokubili inyama yasehlathini nezimpondo zazo ezifiselekayo.

Ukuzingela izinyamazane ukuze uthole inyama yasehlathini kuyinkinga egcwele ezindaweni eziningi lapho lezi zilwane zizulazula khona. Ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ukuzingela kuvinjelwe noma kuvinjelwe khona, isidingo senyama yenhlwathi sisaqhubeka, sishukunyiswa izici ezinjengobumpofu, ukuntula ukudla, namasiko. Emiphakathini eminingi, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, inyama yenhlwathi isebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni nokudla. Nokho, imikhuba yokuzingela engalawuleki kanye nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kuye kwaholela ekwehleni kwenani lezinyamazane, kwaphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo futhi kwasongela ukuphila kwalezi zilwane.

Ukwengeza, ama-antelopes ahloselwe izimpondo zazo, ezaziswa kakhulu emithini yendabuko, njengemihlobiso yokuhlobisa, ngisho nanjenge-aphrodisiacs ebizwa ngokuthi. Naphezu kokuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa kwezohwebo kanye nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni ngezimpondo zenyamazane kuyaqhubeka kudlondlobala ngenxa yokufunwa okuqhubekayo kwale mikhiqizo. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bavame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinonya ukuze bathole izimpondo zezinyamazane, ezihlanganisa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, kanye nokushushumbiswa, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuncipha kwezinyamazane.

Inyathi:

Usizi lwenyathi yase-Afrika, izimpawu eziwuphawu lwamathafa amakhulu namathafa otshani aleli zwekazi, lubonisa inkinga enkulu ebhekene nemizamo yokonga izilwane zasendle emhlabeni wonke. Naphezu kobude bazo obusabekayo kanye nenani labantu elibonakala liqinile, izinyathi zase-Afrika ziya ngokuya ziba yizisulu zosongo olucashile lokuzingelwa ngokungekho emthethweni, oluqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko isidingo senyama yasehlathini. Lo mkhuba ongekho emthethweni awugcini nje ngokuqeda inani lezinyathi kodwa futhi ululaza ubuqotho bezindawo ezivikelekile, kuhlanganise neziqiwi, lapho lezi zilwane ezibabazekayo kufanele ziphephele khona.

Inyathi yase-Afrika, enezimpondo zayo ezinhle kanye ne-silhouette ehlukile, inendawo ekhethekile ku-ecosystem njengezinhlobo zamatshe ayinhloko kanye nesithonjana samasiko. Nokho, ukuqhubeka nokuphishekela inyathi inyama yasehlathini kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lazo eminyakeni yamuva. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwenzeka ngokungakhethi, kuqondise imihlambi yezinyathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelekile, okubeka usongo olukhulu ekusindeni kwazo.

Esinye sezici ezishaqisayo zokubulawa kwenyathi ukwenzeka kwazo eziqiwini zikazwelonke nakwezinye izindawo zokongiwa kwemvelo. Lezi okuthiwa izindawo zokucasha zezilwane zasendle zenzelwe ukunikeza izilwane ezinjengezinyathi zase-Afrika, zizivikele ezingcindezini zokuxhashazwa abantu. Nokho, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho okudlangile, okubhebhezelwa ubumpofu, ukuntuleka kwezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa, nokungaqini komthetho, kuye kwangena ngisho naseziqiwini eziqashwe kakhulu, okushiya izinyathi zisengozini yokuxhashazwa.

Obhejane:

Ukwenyuka okushaqisayo kokubulawa kobhejane kufanekisela ukuhlaselwa okudabukisayo kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezidumile nezisengozini yokushabalala. Njengoba kulinganiselwa obhejane abayizi-7,100 abazingelwe ngokungemthetho e-Afrika esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-10 yakamuva, lezi zilwane ezinhle kakhulu zibhekene nosongo olukhona oluqhutshwa ukufunwa okunganelisi kwezimpondo zazo ezimakethe ezingekho emthethweni. Okwenza le nkinga yethuse kakhulu izindlela ezinonya ezisetshenziswa abazingeli ngokungemthetho, abasebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane nezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze bahlasele obhejane ngendlela eyothusayo.

Obhejane, ngokubukeka kwabo kwangaphambi komlando kanye nokuba khona kwabo okwesabekayo, baphakathi kwezimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zase-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, inani labo liye lancishiswa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho okubangelwa inkolelo eyiphutha ezicini zokwelapha kanye nenani lophawu lwesimo sezimpondo zabo. Lesi sidingo, ikakhulukazi esivela ezimakethe zase-Asia, sesenze obhejane onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezinyakazayo onqenqemeni lokusinda.

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa abazingeli bobhejane azinasihawu futhi zithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Besebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni basebenzisa izibhamu ezinamandla amakhulu nemicibisholo yokupholisa ukuthula ukuze bagweme abaqondise esibhakabhakeni. Lapho ubhejane usunqotshiwe, abazingeli ngokungemthetho bayehlela phansi ngokushesha futhi basebenzise amasaha ukuze bakhiphe izimpondo zabo ngonya—inqubo ethatha imizuzu eyishumi nje kuphela. Ngisho noma ubhejane usinda ekuhlaselweni kokuqala, ukususwa kophondo lwawo ngonya ngokuvamile kubangela ukulimala okubulalayo, okushiya isilwane sifa kancane futhi kabuhlungu.

Izindlovu:

Usizi lwezindlovu, imidondoshiya emikhulu yasemathafeni namahlathi, lubonisa umphumela omubi wokuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu okungekho emthethweni ezilwaneni zasendle. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izindlovu zizingelwa amazinyo azo, zihahela amazinyo endlovu, asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yamasiko nezentengiselwano. Naphezu kokuqashelwa kabanzi kwemiphumela ebhubhisayo yokuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu kanye nokuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa emazweni amaningi, ukubulawa kwezindlovu ngokungemthetho kusaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa, kuqhutshwa isidingo esivela ezindaweni lapho amazinyo endlovu ehlala esemthethweni.

Ukuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu, okugqugquzelwa ukubaluleka kwakho kwamasiko nezomnotho, kuwusongo olukhulu ezindlini zezindlovu emhlabeni wonke. Naphezu kwemizamo yamazwe ngamazwe yokunqanda ukuhwebelana, okuhlanganisa ukuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa komhlaba ekuthengisweni kwamazinyo endlovu ngo-1989 yi-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), izintuba ekushayweni kwemithetho kanye nokuxegiswa komthetho kuye kwavumela ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni ukuthi phikelela. Amazwe anjengeVietnam, iMyanmar, iLaos, neThailand ayaqhubeka evumela ukudayiswa okungokomthetho kwamazinyo endlovu, enikeza abashushumbisi izindlela zokuhlanza amazinyo endlovu angekho emthethweni futhi baqhubekisele phambili isidingo samazinyo endlovu.

Imiphumela yokuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu mibi kakhulu. Izindlovu zase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi, ziye zathwala kanzima ngenxa yengcindezi yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, njengoba inani labantu lincipha kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Naphezu kwenani eliphakeme lokuzingela ngokungemthetho ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000 kanye nokwehla okuhamba kancane okwalandela, cishe izindlovu ezingu-20,000 zisabulawa e-Afrika unyaka ngamunye, okusondeza lezi zilwane eziwumfanekiso onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Ukulahleka kwezindlovu akubonisi nje kuphela ukuncipha okudabukisayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kubukela phansi ubuqotho bemvelo bezindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Ama-parrots ampunga ase-Afrika:

Upholi wase-Afrika ompunga, owaziwa ngobuhlakani, ukuthakazelisa, nezimpaphe ezihlabayo, uye wabamba izinhliziyo zabathandi bezinyoni emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, ngemva kokuyengwa kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu kunendaba edabukisayo yokuxhashazwa nokuba sengozini okubangelwa isidingo esingapheli sezilwane ezifuywayo zangaphandle. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ngenjongo yokuhweba ngezilwane ezifuywayo ngokungemthetho kuye kwalimaza kakhulu opholi base-Afrika abampunga, okubenza bacishe bashabalala.

Kusukela ngo-1975, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.3 zopholi base-Afrika abampunga bathathwe endle futhi bahwebelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo salaba bangani bezinyoni abahahelwayo. Nokho, uhambo olusuka ehlathini uye kwelinye ikheji lugcwele ubungozi kulezi zilwane ezizwelayo. Ngokushaqisayo, ucwaningo luveza ukuthi phakathi kuka-30% kuya ku-66% wopholi abampunga abathunjwa endle bayabhubha ngesikhathi, benqotshwa ingcindezi yokubanjwa, ukuvalelwa kanye nokuhamba. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga langempela lomthelela walokhu kuhweba okungekho emthethweni kubantu base-Afrika abampunga wopholi cishe liphezulu kakhulu kunezilinganiso ezisemthethweni.

Imiphumela yokuhweba ngezilwane ezifuywayo ngokungemthetho idlulela ngalé kwezinyoni ezibanjwayo. Njengezidalwa ezihlala kahle nezihlakaniphe kakhulu, opholi base-Afrika abampunga badlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yabo njengabasakazi bembewu nabanikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuncipha kwazo kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo ezimisweni zemvelo zamahlathi, kuphazamise izinqubo zemvelo futhi kusongela ukuphila kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Izinkawu:

Ukuzingelwa kwezinkawu ngenyama yasehlathini kumelela ukuhlangana okudabukisayo kokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukushintsha kwamasiko, kanye nesidingo somhlaba wonke sezibiliboco zangaphandle. Kwake kwaba umthombo wokudla emiphakathini yendawo, ukuzingela inyamazane yasehlathini sekuphenduke ibhizinisi elinenzuzo enkulu, eliqhutshwa isidingo sabathengi, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, ababheka inyama yenkawu njengomkhiqizo ophambili. Lesi sifiso esinganeliseki senyama yehlathi siholele ekuzingeleni kwengcindezi yokuzingela ezinkawini kulo lonke elase-Afrika nase-Asia, okusongela ukuphila kwalezi zilwane ezingokomfanekiso nezisengozini.

Izimfene, ezihlanganisa ama-bonobo, ama-orangutan, izimfene, ama-gorilla, nama-gibbons, ziphakathi kwezihlobo zethu eziseduze ezilwaneni, zihlanganyela ngezinga elimangalisayo lokufana kwezakhi zofuzo nabantu. Izakhiwo zabo zenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amakhono okuqonda, nokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo kubenza babe sengozini enkulu emithelela yokuzingela nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala. Nokho, naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo kwemvelo nesimo sokongiwa kwazo, izinkawu zisaqhubeka ziqondiswa abazingeli ukuze bathole inyama yazo, beqhutshwa amasiko, ubumpofu, nokuyenga kwenzuzo yemali.

Ukuhweba ngenyama yehlathi kuguqule ukuzingela kusuka emsebenzini wokuziphilisa kwaba imboni enkulu, enamanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi abadayisi, abahlinzeki, kanye nabathengi abasuka emazwenikazi. Ingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezinhlanu enyama yasehlathini athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esuka eCongo Basin kuphela unyaka nonyaka, okugqamisa izinga lohwebo kanye nomthelela wako ezilwaneni zasendle. Izinkawu, ezinobukhulu bemizimba yazo emikhulu kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi, ziyizinto ezifiswa kakhulu abazingeli, okuholela ekwehleni ngokushesha kwenani lazo kanye nokuhlukana kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala.

Amaxoxo engilazi:

Ubuhle obukhangayo bamaxoxo ayingilazi, nesikhumba sawo esicwebezelayo esiveza izitho zawo zangaphakathi, buye bawenza afunwa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sidingo esikhulayo salezi zilwane ezihlala emanzini ezihlala emanzini ezithambile siye saholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwabantu basendle, nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezibhekene nosongo lokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kanye nohwebo olungekho emthethweni.

Amaxoxo ayingilazi adabuka emahlathini aluhlaza aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, lapho edlala khona indima ebalulekile njengezinkomba zezempilo ye-ecosystem kanye nabanegalelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwabo okumangalisayo kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eziyingqayizivele kubenze baba iziqondiso eziyinhloko zabaqoqi nabashisekayo ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Naphezu kokuba ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini noma engcupheni, amaxoxo ayingilazi ayaqhubeka ethathwa endle ukuze athengiswe ezimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuhweba ngokungemthetho kwamaxoxo ezingilazi kubangela izinsongo ezinkulu ekuphileni kwawo, nobufakazi bokushushumbiswa nokushushumbiswa kwemisebenzi etholwe emikhunjini esuka eMelika Ephakathi iya eYurophu. Ngokusho kwedatha yezohwebo kanye nezikhangiso eziku-inthanethi, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesishiyagalolunye zamasele ezingilazi okwamanje zidayiswa emazweni ngamazwe, ngesidingo esiqhutshwa abaqoqi kanye nabathanda ukuzilibazisa abafuna lezi zilwane ezihlala emanzini angaphandle.

Okunye okuphathelene nokuthambekela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamasele engilazi e-United States, okunokwenyuka okumangazayo okungu-44,000% okuphawulwe kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2021. izinhlobo ezisengozini kanye nezindawo zazo zokuhlala.

Imizamo yokubhekana nokuhweba ngokungemthetho kwamaxoxo ayingilazi idinga indlela ehlanganisiwe nenezici eziningi ehilela ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, izikhungo zomthetho, kanye nemboni yokuhweba ngezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuqinisa umthetho okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqoqwa kobuhlakani, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu kubalulekile ukuze kuphazamiseke amanethiwekhi okushushumbisa kanye nokubamba abenzi bobubi balandise.

Amabhubesi:

Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwamabhubesi ukuze kutholwe izitho zawo zomzimba kumelela usongo olukhulu kwenye yezilwane ezidumile nezihlonishwayo e-Afrika. Amabhubesi, ngobukhazikhazi bawo nobukhona bawo obunamandla, sekuyisikhathi eside athatha umcabango wabantu emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kobuso babo bombuso kuneqiniso elidabukisayo lokushushiswa nokuxhashazwa okuqhutshwa isidingo samathambo, amazinyo, nezinzipho zabo emithini yesintu kanye nohwebo olungekho emthethweni lwezilwane zasendle.

Amabhubesi ahlaselwa abazingela ngokungemthetho ukuze athole izitho zawo zomzimba, ezaziswa kakhulu emikhubeni ethile nasezimakethe. Amathambo, amazinyo, nezinzipho kufunwa izinto zakho zokwelapha kanye nokubaluleka okungokomfanekiso, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kwezingxenye zamabhubesi. Naphezu kokuvikelwa okungokomthetho nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bayaqhubeka behlasela amabhubesi, ngokuvamile besebenzisa izindlela ezinonya nezingakhethi njengezingibe ukuze bacuphe futhi babulale lezi zilwane ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezingibe ekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho kwamabhubesi kuwubulwane ikakhulukazi, kubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu futhi kuvame ukuholela ekufeni okuhamba kancane nokubuhlungu. Izingibe ziyizicupho ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo, ezihlanganisa izintambo eziqinisa umzimba wesilwane uma zicushwa. Amabhubesi abanjwe ogibeni angase alimale kanzima, okuhlanganisa ukubhodlozwa, ukuphuka, nokuklinywa, ngaphambi kokuthi agcine enqotshwe amanxeba noma indlala. Ukungakhethi kwezingibe kubangela ubungozi kwezinye izilwane zasendle, okuholela ekulimaleni okungahlosiwe kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo.

Imiphumela yokuzingela ngokungemthetho kwamabhubesi idlulela ngalé kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwezilwane ngazinye ukuze ihlanganise imithelela ebanzi yendawo ezungezile neyomphakathi. Amabhubesi adlala indima ebalulekile njengezilwane ezidla ezinye kakhulu endaweni yawo yemvelo, alawula inani lezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezinhlelo zemvelo. Ukwehla kwazo kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ekungalinganini kokuguquguquka kwezilwane ezizingelayo kanye nokuwohloka kwesimiso semvelo.

Ama-Peccaries:

Usizi lwama-peccaries, olwaziwa nangokuthi ama-javelinas, luyisikhumbuzo esithinta inhliziyo sezinselele ezibhekene nemizamo yokulondoloza izilwane zasendle eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zingulube ze-New World, ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana ne-Chacoan peccary kanye ne-collar peccary, zibhekene nengcindezi engapheli yokuzingela nokuzingela ngaphandle kokuvikela okusemthethweni kanye nezinyathelo zokulondoloza.

I-Chacoan peccary esengozini, ezalelwa esifundeni sase-Chaco eNingizimu Melika, izingelwa kulo lonke uhla lwayo ngenxa yezikhumba nenyama yayo. Naphezu kokuba esohlwini Lwesithasiselo I seNgqungquthela Yokuhweba Ngamazwe Ngamazwe Ngezinhlobo Zezilwane Nezitshalo Zasendle Ezisengozini (CITES), evimbela ngokuqinile ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngezinhlobo zezilwane, nokuthola ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo emazweni afana ne-Argentina, ukuzingela i-Chacoan peccary kusaqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eParaguay, lapho ukuzingela izilwane zasendle kuvinjelwe khona ngokuqinile, ukuphoqelelwa kwale mithetho kusalokhu kunganele, okuvumela ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Isimo asingcono kakhulu ku-collar peccary, olunye uhlobo lwe-peccary olutholakala kulo lonke elaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Nakuba okwamanje kufakwe ohlwini njengokukhathazeka okuncane yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwama-collar peccaries kuyinto evamile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukuphoqelelwa kokuvikela kuntuleka khona. Naphezu kwenani labantu elizinzile, ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho okuqhubekayo kungase kube usongo olukhulu ekusindeni kwesikhathi eside kwama-peccaries anekhola uma kuyekwa kungavinjelwa.

Ukuzingela ngokweqile kwama-peccaries kuqhutshwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukufunwa kwezikhumba zawo, inyama, nezinye izitho zomzimba, kanye namasiko amasiko kanye nezisusa zezomnotho. Ukuntuleka kokuphoqelelwa okuphumelelayo kwemithetho yokuvikela izilwane zasendle ezindaweni eziningi kwandisa inkinga, kuvumela abazingeli ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kokujeziswa futhi baxhaphaze izilwane ezisengozini ukuze bathole inzuzo.

Ama-Pangolin:

Usizi lwama-pangolin, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezishushumbiswa kakhulu emhlabeni, lugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinyathelo zomhlaba wonke ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zinhlobo eziyingqayizivele nezisengozini. Naphezu kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe nemizamo yamuva nje yokunqanda ukuhwebelana ngezilwane ezifuywayo, basaqhubeka bebhekana nokucindezela okungapheli okuvela ekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho nasekushushumbisweni kwabo, ngenxa yokufunwa kwamazenga, inyama, nesikhumba.

Isidingo sama-pangolin sisukela ikakhulukazi emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, lapho izikali ze-pangolin kukholakala ukuthi zinezindawo zokwelapha ngephutha. Naphezu kokuntuleka kobufakazi besayensi obusekela lezi zinsolo, ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni kwezikali ze-pangolin kusaqhubeka, kuqhuba ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokushushumbiswa emazweni ahlukahlukene e-pangolin e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ukwengeza, inyama ye-pangolin ithathwa njengesibiliboco kwamanye amasiko, okuqhubekisela phambili isidingo salezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezingatholakali kalula.

Ngaphezu kwemithi yendabuko kanye nezintandokazi zokupheka, ama-pangolin aphinde abhekane nezinsongo ezivela embonini yezemfashini, ikakhulukazi e-United States, lapho kunesidingo sesikhumba se-pangolin sezinto zesikhumba ezifana namabhuzu, amabhande, nezikhwama. Amabhuzu e-cowboy enziwe ngesikhumba se-pangolin abe nomthelela ekwehleni kwalezi zilwane, okwenza isimo sazo sokulondoloza imvelo siyingozi.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-pangolin zisengozini, zisengozini, noma zisengozini enkulu, okubonisa ubukhali bezinsongo ezibhekene nazo. Ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, kanye nohwebo olungekho emthethweni kuyaqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili ama-pangolin ekuqothulweni, kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo semizamo ehlangene yokongiwa kwemvelo ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zidalwa eziyingqayizivele nezingenakushintshwa.

Amaxoxo anobuthi:

Ukuyenga kwamaxoxo anobuthi, anemibala yawo egqamile nokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo, kuwenze izinhlobo ezifiswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngeshwa, lesi sidingo siye sabhebhethekisa ukuhlasela okungapheli kokuzingela ngokungemthetho nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle, okwenza izinhlobo eziningi zamasele ezinobuthi zifinyelele onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Naphezu kwemizamo yohulumeni basekhaya eNingizimu Melika yokungenelela, uhwebo olungekho emthethweni lusaqhubeka, luqhutshwa ukuyenga kwenzuzo kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo salezi zilwane ezihlala emanzini ezihlala emanzini ezikhangayo.

Amaxoxo anobuthi, azalelwa eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu, aziswa ngemibala yawo egqamile nobuthi obunamandla, obusebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye endle. Nokho, ubuhle bawo bubenze baba izisulu eziyinhloko kubazingeli abafuna ukusizakala ngokuthandwa kwabo ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Naphezu kokutholakala kwezibonelo ezifuywe ezithunjiwe, ezingasebenza njengezinye izindlela ezisimeme kubantu ababanjwe zasendle, ukuyenga kwamaxoxo abanjwe endle kuhlala kuqinile kubaqoqi nabashisekeli.

Ukuhweba ngokungemthetho ngamaxoxo anobuthi kuye kwaba nemiphumela elimazayo kubantu basendle, okuqhubekisela phambili ezinye zezilwane onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Abazingeli ngokungemthetho bavame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinonya nezilimazayo ukuze babambe la maxoxo, kuhlanganise nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ukuqoqwa kwempahla ngokungakhethi, nokusebenzisa amakhemikhali anobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezelwa kokubanjwa nezokuthutha kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yalezi zilwane ezihlala emanzini namanzi ezintekenteke, okuqhubekisele phambili usizi lwazo.

Naphezu kwemizamo yohulumeni basekhaya eNingizimu Melika yokulwa nokuhwebelana ngokungemthetho kwamaxoxo anobuthi, ukuqiniswa kwemithetho yokuvikela izilwane zasendle kuseyinselele ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, inkohlakalo, kanye nengqalasizinda enganele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo somhlaba wonke sohwebo lwezilwane ezifuywayo lwenza kube nzima ukulawula nokuqapha ukuhamba kwalawa maxoxo emingceleni, okuvumela abazingeli nabashushumbisi ukuba basebenzise izintuba ezingokomthetho futhi bagweme ukutholwa.

Tigers:

Usizi lwamahlosi, izimpawu ezingokomfanekiso zamandla nobukhosi, bonakaliswe usongo olungapheli lokuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuhweba ngokungemthetho. Njengoba ezingelwa izikhumba zawo, amathambo, nenyama, amahlosi abhekene nengozi enkulu njengoba inani labantu lincipha ngenxa yokuxhashazwa okungapheli. Naphezu kwemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, inani lamahlosi azingelwe ngokungemthetho lisalokhu liphezulu ngendlela eshaqisayo, okungenzeka ukuthi amaningi alahlekelwa izenzakalo ezingabikwanga kanye nezindlela zobuqili ezisetshenziswa abazingeli.

Ukuhweba ngokungemthetho kwezingxenye zamahlosi kubangela ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kulo lonke uhla lwazo, kusukela emahlathini aseNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia kuya ezindaweni ezikude zaseRussia naseChina. Izikhumba, amathambo, nezinye izitho zomzimba ziyimpahla eyigugu kakhulu kwezokwelapha zendabuko nasezimakethe eziwubukhazikhazi, ebiza amanani entengo emba eqolo emakethe emnyama. Lesi sidingo sibhebhethekisa inethiwekhi yokuhweba enenzuzo enqamula imingcele, namahlosi aba izisulu zabazingeli abafuna ukuzuza ngokufa kwawo.

Naphezu kwemizamo yokulwa nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokushushumbiswa kwabantu, izinga lenkinga lisashaqisa. Eminyakeni yamuva, inani lamahlosi aziwa ngokungemthetho liye laphakama ngokudabukisayo, njengoba izigameko zibikwa emazweni ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Asia. Nokho, izinga langempela lokuzingela amahlosi cishe likhulu kakhulu, njengoba izenzakalo eziningi zingabikwa noma zingabonakali, okushiya inqwaba yamahlosi enyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo.

ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukuzingelwa kwamahlosi kuvame kakhulu, njengoba abazingeli abangekho emthethweni basebenzisa izindlela ezinonya njengokucupha nokufaka ushevu ukuze bahlasele lezi zilwane ezizingelayo. Izingibe, izicupho ezilula kodwa ezibulalayo ezenziwe ngocingo noma ngentambo, zingababulali abangakhethi abangabambi amahlosi kuphela kodwa nezinye izilwane zasendle. Ukufaka ubuthi, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali anobuthi noma isiyelo esinoshevu, kuqhubezela phambili usongo emiphakathini yamahlosi, kube nemiphumela elimazayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo ye-ecosystem.

Imiphumela yokuzingela kwamahlosi idlulela ngalé kokulahlekelwa yisilwane ngasinye ukuze ihlanganise imithelela ebanzi yemvelo nezenhlalo. Amahlosi adlala indima ebalulekile njengezilwane ezidla ezinye kakhulu ezinhlelweni zawo zemvelo, alawula inani lezilwane ezizingelayo futhi agcine ibhalansi yezinhlelo zemvelo. Ukwehla kwazo kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ekungalinganini kuwebhu yokudla, ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, kanye nezinsiza ze-ecosystem ezonakele.

Imizamo yokubhekana nokuzingelwa kwezingwe idinga indlela enezici eziningi ehlanganisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, izikhungo zomthetho, nemiphakathi yendawo. Ukuqiniswa komthetho okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqoqwa kobuhlakani, kanye nokuzulazula okulwa nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kubalulekile ukuze kuphazamiseke amanethiwekhi okuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuhlakaza imizila yokushushumbiswa kwabantu.

Ama-currassows ane-helmeted:

I-curassow enesigqoko esinesigqoko, nokubukeka kwayo okubabazekayo kanye ne-casque ehlukile efana nesigqoko sokuzivikela, iwuhlobo lwezinyoni eziwuphawu olutholakala emahlathini aluhlaza aseVenezuela naseColombia. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo kwamasiko nokubaluleka kwemvelo, i-curassow ene-helmeted ibhekene nezinsongo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela, nokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle okungekho emthethweni, okuye kwayibeka onqenqemeni lokuba sengozini.

Enye yezinsongo eziyinhloko ezibhekene ne-curassow enesigqoko ukuzingela, okuqhutshwa isidingo senyama yayo, ubucwebe bendabuko obenziwe ngezimpaphe, ngisho nezindebe zokuzingela ezifana nezingebhezi namaqanda. I-casque enkulu esebunzini layo, enikeza le nyoni igama layo, yaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuthakazelisa okubizwa ngokuthi i-aphrodisiac, enezela ekuheheni abazingeli nabaqoqi. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe kahle, ama-currassows anezigqoko aziphephile ekusongelweni kokuzingela, okuqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwandisa imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo.

Naphezu kwemizamo yokulawula ukuzingela nokuhweba, okuhlanganisa nokufakwa ohlwini kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngaphansi kwe-CITES Appendix III e-Colombia, edinga izimvume zokuthekelisa, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kuseyinselele. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuhweba ngokungemthetho kuyaqhubeka nokubukela phansi imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kubantu base-curassow abafakwe izigqoko zokuzivikela futhi kwandise ukuba sengozini kwabo.

Imiphumela yokuzingela nokuhweba ngokungemthetho idlulela ngalé kokulahlekelwa ngokushesha kwezinyoni ngazinye ukuze ihlanganise imithelela ebanzi yemvelo nezenhlalo. Ama-curassows ano-helmeted adlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yawo njengabasakazi bembewu nabanikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuncipha kwazo kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo ekuguquguqukeni kwamahlathi, okuholela ekungalinganini emiphakathini yezitshalo nokunciphisa izinga lendawo yokuhlala kwezinye izinhlobo.

Izimfudu ze-Leatherback:

Usizi lwezimfudu ze-leatherback, ezinkulu kunazo zonke izimfudu zasolwandle, zigcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo semizamo yokuvikela ukuvikela lezi zilwane zasolwandle zakudala nezimangalisayo. Nakuba izimfudu ze-leatherback ezindala zibhekana nezinsongo ezinjengokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, enye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwazo kuvela ekuhwebeni okungekho emthethweni kwamaqanda azo, avame ukwebiwa ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo emiphakathini yasogwini.

Ukwebiwa kwamaqanda ofudu lwe-leatherback kumelela usongo olukhulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba kuphazamisa umjikelezo wokuzala futhi kunciphisa inani lamazinyane angena emphakathini. Izimfudu ze-leatherback zaziwa ngokufuduka kwazo okubanzi ukuya emabhishi ezidlekeni, lapho ezinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ezidlekeni eziyisihlabathi ezimbiwe ogwini. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindawo zokuzalela zivame ukuqondiswa abazingeli abafuna ukwenza inzuzo ngokuthengiswa kwamaqanda ofudu, okukholakala ukuthi anezinto ezivusa amadlingozi kwamanye amasiko.

Naphezu kokuvikelwa okungokomthetho, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa kuhlu ngaphansi kweSithasiselo I seNgqungquthela Yokuhweba Ngamazwe Ngamazwe Ngezinhlobo Zezilwane Nezitshalo Zasendle Ezisengozini (CITES), evimbela ukuhwebelana ngezimfudu zesikhumba, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kuseyinselele. Ukuyengwa kwamaqanda ofudu lwe-leatherback njengokudla okubili okubili noma umuthi wesintu kuqhuba abazingela ngokungemthetho ukuba baqhubeke nemisebenzi yabo engekho emthethweni, kubeke engcupheni ukuphila kwalolu hlobo olusengozini.

Ngaphezu kokuzingela ngokungemthetho amaqanda, izimfudu zezinsikazi ezihlala izidleke zihloselwe inyama yazo, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukucindezela abantu. Ukulahlekelwa kwezinsikazi ezizalela kunciphisa inani lamaqanda azalelayo futhi kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo, okusongela ukuphila kwesikhathi eside kwezimfudu ze-leatherback.

Imizamo yokubhekana nezinsongo ezibhekene nezimfudu ze-leatherback idinga indlela ebanzi ehilela ukubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, imiphakathi yendawo, kanye nababambiqhaza bamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqiniswa komthetho okuthuthukisiwe, ukugadwa, nokuxhumana nomphakathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe izindawo ezizalela kuzo futhi kunqandwe abazingeli ekuxhashazweni ngofudu lwe-leatherback.

Izimbangela Zokuzingela Ngokungemthetho

Izimpande zokuzingela ngokungemthetho kwezilwane zasendle ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zinezindikimba eziningi, ezivame ukuhlobana nezindaba ezinjengobumpofu, inkohlakalo, nokungagcinwa kwemithetho ngendlela efanele. Ezifundeni eziningi, imiphakathi empofu iphendukela ekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho njengendlela yokuziphilisa, iyengwe isithembiso senzuzo esheshayo esimweni somnotho esingathetheleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esinganelisi semikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezinenzuzo enkulu njenge-Asia, siqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuzingela ngokungemthetho, okwenza abazingeli bafinyelele ubude obudlulele ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe.

Imizamo Yokonga Nezinselele

Imizamo yokulwa nokuzingelwa kwezilwane zasendle ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zamasu, okuhlanganisa ukuqiniswa komthetho, ukusebenzelana nomphakathi, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze zivikele izilwane ezisengozini ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjengokugada ngokungemthetho, ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho kugcwele izinselele, kusukela ethonyeni eligcwele lamaqembu obugebengu obuhleliwe kuya ezinsizakalweni ezilinganiselwe ezikhona zemizamo yokulondoloza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo exhumene yamaketanga okuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke isho ukuthi izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngokungemthetho endaweni eyodwa zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezilwaneni zasendle emhlabeni wonke.

I-Ethical Imperative

Isibopho sokuziphatha sokuvikela nokulondoloza imvelo ehlukahlukene yomhlaba asinakuphikwa. Njengabaphathi bomhlaba, siphathiswe umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela umnotho ocebile osizungezile, hhayi nje ngenxa yezizukulwane ezizayo kodwa ngenxa yegugu elingaphakathi lakho konke okuphilayo. Lesi sibopho sezimiso zokuziphatha sihlanganisa ukuqashelwa okujulile kokuxhumana kwethu nomhlaba wemvelo nokuzibophezela ekuhlonipheni, ekunakekeleni, nasekuhlalisaneni ngokuzwana nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila.

Umnyombo wesibopho sokuziphatha ukuqashelwa kokufaneleka okungokwemvelo nesithunzi sazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziwusizo kangakanani kubantu. Isilwane ngasinye, kusukela esilwaneni esincanyana kunazo zonke kuya esilwaneni esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke, sidlala indima eyingqayizivele nengenakushintshwa ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza njengabathuthi bempova, abasabalalisi bembewu, noma abalawuli be-ecosystem dynamics, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zinegalelo ekuqineni nasekuzinzeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo, lapho konke ukuphila kuncike kukho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibopho sokuziphatha sidlulela ngalé kokucatshangelwa nje kwezinsiza ukuze kuhlanganise nezimiso zozwelo, uzwela, nobulungiswa kubantu abazwelayo. Izilwane, ezinekhono lazo lokujabulela injabulo, ubuhlungu, nokuhlupheka, zifanelwe ukucatshangelwa kwethu ngokokuziphatha nesivikelo ekulimaleni. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezithakazelisa kakhulu kodwa nezidalwa ezivame ukunganakwa nezingaziswa kahle ezakha umgogodla we-ecosystem.

Isimiso esibalulekile sokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi sisekelwe emigomeni yokulingana phakathi kwezizukulwane nobulungisa bezemvelo. Njengabagcini beplanethi, sinesibopho sokuziphatha sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zizuza ifa lomhlaba ocebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, lapho zingachuma khona futhi zichume ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Lokhu kudinga ukwenza izinqumo namuhla ezibeka phambili impilo yesikhathi eside nenhlalakahle yemvelo kanye nazo zonke izakhamuzi zakhona.

Ngenxa yezinselelo zemvelo ezibhekene neplanethi yethu, kusukela ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kuye ekuxhashazweni ngokweqile nasekungcolisweni komhlaba, ukwamukela ukubaluleka kwezimiso zokuziphatha zokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo akukaze kube okuphuthumayo. Kusibiza ukuthi sihlole kabusha ubudlelwano bethu nemvelo, siqaphele izibopho zethu njengabanakekeli boMhlaba, futhi sithathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ukuze silondoloze amagugu okuphila angenakuthathelwa indawo acebisa iplanethi yethu.

Ekugcineni, isibopho sokuziphatha sokuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akusona nje isibopho sokuziphatha—siwukubonakaliswa okujulile kobuntu bethu, ukuxhumana kwethu nakho konke ukuphila, nokuzibophezela kwethu ekwakheni umhlaba onobulungiswa, olinganayo, nosimeme wezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.