Humane Foundation

Indaba kaPaul McCartney ethinta inhliziyo encwadini ethi *”If Slaughterhouses Had Glass Walls”* inikeza umbono ocacile ngamaqiniso afihliwe ezolimo zezilwane, inxusa ababukeli ukuthi bacabange kabusha ngokukhetha kwabo ukudla. Le vidiyo eshukumisa ingqondo yembula unya olubekezelelwa yizilwane emapulazini asefektri nasezindaweni zokuxhela, kuyilapho igcizelela imiphumela yokuziphatha, yemvelo, kanye nempilo yokudla inyama. Ngokudalula lokho okuvame ukufihlwa emphakathini, isiphonsela inselelo yokuvumelanisa izenzo zethu nezindinganiso zozwela kanye nokusimama—okwenza icala elinamandla lokungadli inyama njengesinyathelo sokudala umhlaba onomusa

Uhlelo lwethu lwamanje lokudla lunembangela yokufa kwezilwane zasemhlabeni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-9 ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo esishaqisayo simane nje sikhomba ububanzi bokuhlupheka ohlelweni lwethu lokudla, njengoba sikhuluma ngezilwane zasemhlabeni kuphela. Ngaphezu kwamanani asemhlabeni, imboni yokudoba ibangela umonakalo odabukisayo ezilwaneni zasolwandle, ezibulala izigidi zezigidi zezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle unyaka ngamunye, ukuze zidliwe abantu ngokuqondile noma njengezingozi ezingahlosiwe zokudoba. I-Bycatch ibhekisela ekubanjweni kwezinhlobo okungahlosiwe ngazo ngesikhathi sokudoba ngenjongo yokudayisa. Lezi zisulu ezingahlosiwe zivame ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi, kusukela ekulimaleni nokufa kuya ekuphazamisekeni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, okusikhanyisela ngomonakalo wesibambiso odalwe izinqubo zokudoba zezimboni. Kungani imboni yokudoba imbi? Imboni yokudoba ivamise ukugxekwa ngemikhuba embalwa enomthelela omubi kuzinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye…

Ukushintshela endleleni yokuphila esekelwe ezitshalweni kungabonakala kuyinselele, kodwa akukhona nje ngamandla okuzimisela. Kusukela ekubhekaneni nezifiso zokunambitheka okujwayelekile kanye nokuthungwa kuya ekubhekaneni nezimo zomphakathi nokuthola ezinye izindlela ezilula, inqubo ihilela okungaphezu kokuzimisela okuphelele. Lesi sihloko sichaza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, amathuluzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ezingakusiza ukuthi ushintshe kahle—okwenza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kube nzima kakhulu futhi kube ushintsho olungafinyeleleka

Imfuyo iyinhliziyo yezinhlelo zethu zezolimo, inikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile njengenyama, ubisi, kanye nendlela yokuziphilisa yezigidi. Noma kunjalo, uhambo lwabo kusukela ekuzalweni kuya endaweni yokuhlatshwa kwezilwane lwembula iqiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi nelivame ukubangela ukukhathazeka. Ukuhlola lo mjikelezo wokuphila kukhanyisa izinkinga ezibalulekile eziphathelene nenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nemikhuba yokukhiqiza ukudla okunesimilo. Kusukela ezindinganisweni zokunakekelwa kwasekuqaleni kuya ekuboshweni kwezindawo zokudla, izinselele zokuhamba, kanye nokuphathwa okungekuhle—isigaba ngasinye sembula amathuba okuguqulwa. Ngokuqonda lezi zinqubo kanye nemiphumela yazo ebanzi ezindaweni zemvelo nasemphakathini, singakhuthaza ezinye izindlela zozwela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane ngenkathi sinciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko singena ngokujulile emjikelezweni wokuphila kwezilwane ukuze kunikezwe amandla ukukhetha kwabathengi okunolwazi okuhambisana nekusasa elinobuntu neliqhubekayo

Isoya isibe yindawo ebalulekile ezingxoxweni mayelana nokusimama, ukudla okunomsoco, kanye nekusasa lokudla. Idunyiswa kabanzi ngokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezinzuzo zamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni, ihlolisiswa futhi ngenxa yethonya layo emvelweni kanye nokuxhumana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu yempikiswano igcwele izinganekwane kanye nokwaziswa okungaqondile—okuvame ukuqhutshwa yizintshisekelo ezizimele. Lesi sihloko sinqamula umsindo ukuze siveze amaqiniso mayelana nesoya: umthelela wayo wangempela ezintweni eziphilayo, indima yayo ekudleni kwethu, kanye nendlela ukukhetha kwabathengi okunolwazi okungasekela ngayo uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile

Ngena eqinisweni elibuhlungu lokulima kwasefektri, lapho izilwane ziphucwa isithunzi futhi ziphathwa njengezimpahla embonini eqhutshwa yinzuzo. Kulandiswa ngu-Alec Baldwin, *Meet Your Meat* kudalula unya olufihliwe ngemuva kwamapulazi ezimboni ngevidiyo ekhangayo eveza ukuhlupheka okubhekene nezidalwa ezinemizwa. Le dokhumentari enamandla iphonsela ababukeli inselelo yokuthi bacabange kabusha ngokukhetha kwabo ukudla futhi bakhuthaze imikhuba yozwelo, eqhubekayo ebeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha

Izifo zokungezwani komzimba, okuhlanganisa i-asthma, i-allergy rhinitis, kanye ne-atopic dermatitis, seziye zaba yindaba ekhathazayo yezempilo emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba ukusabalala kwazo kukhuphuka kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Lokhu kwanda kwezimo zokungezwani komzimba sekuphazamise ososayensi nochwepheshe bezokwelapha isikhathi eside, okubangela ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngezimbangela nezixazululo ezingaba khona. Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nutrients nguZhang Ping oluvela e-Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences lunikeza ukuqonda okusha okuthakazelisayo mayelana nokuxhumana phakathi kokudla kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Lolu cwaningo luqokomisa amandla okudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ukubhekana nezifo ezinzima zokungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ucwaningo luhlola ukuthi ukukhetha kokudla kanye nezakhamzimba kungathinta kanjani ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kokungezwani komzimba ngokusebenzisa umthelela wazo kuma-gut microbiota—umphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi wama-microorganism ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla. Okutholakele kukaZhang Ping kusikisela ukuthi ukudla kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ama-gut microbiota, okubalulekile ekugcineni …

Ngaphansi kobuso bezindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye namapaki olwandle kukhona iqiniso elikhathazayo elihluke kakhulu esithombeni sazo somphakathi esicwebezelayo. Nakuba lezi zindawo ezikhangayo zithembisa imfundo nokuzijabulisa, zivame ukuba nezindleko ezinkulu ezilwaneni ezivalelwe ngaphakathi. Kusukela kuma-orcas abhukuda imibuthano engapheli emathangini angenalutho kuya kumahlengethwa enza amaqhinga angavamile okuhalalisela, ukuthunjwa kuphuca izidalwa zasolwandle inkululeko yazo, isithunzi, kanye nokuziphatha kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinkinga zokuziphatha, imiphumela yemvelo, kanye nomonakalo ongokwengqondo wokubamba izilwane zasolwandle ukuze kujabulise abantu—ukwembula imboni eyakhelwe ekuxhashazweni kunokulondolozwa kwemvelo

Imboni yobisi ibilokhu ivezwa njengesisekelo sempilo enempilo, kodwa ngemuva kwesithombe sayo esiqondiswe ngokucophelela kukhona iqiniso elicacile lonya nokuxhashazwa. Isishoshovu samalungelo ezilwane uJames Aspey kanye nophenyo lwakamuva bathole amaqiniso asabekayo mayelana nokuphathwa kwezinkomo, kusukela ekuhlukanisweni okubuhlungu kwamathole kuya ezimweni zokuphila ezingenabuntu kanye nemikhuba engekho emthethweni. Lezi zembulo ziphonsela inselelo indaba ejabulisayo ethengiswa kubathengi, zidalula ukuhlupheka okufihliwe okusekela ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Njengoba ulwazi lukhula, abantu abaningi bacabanga kabusha ngokukhetha kwabo futhi bafuna ukucaca embonini efihliwe