Isidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane, njengenyama, ubisi, nesikhumba, siholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezolimo zezilwane emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Nakuba le mboni ihlinzekela ukudla okuqinile nezinto ezisetshenziswa abantu, ibe nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu okuhlobene nezolimo zezilwane ukufaka isandla ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukugawulwa kwezindawo ezinkulu ukuze kudliwe imfuyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokungcola emfucumfucwini yezilwane, kuye kwaholela emiphumeleni esabalele nelimazayo emahlathini nasezilwaneni zasendle zeplanethi yethu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinga lomthelela wokulima kwezilwane ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezimbangela eziyisisekelo kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona kulolu daba olubucayi. Kubalulekile ukuthi siqonde ubunzima balolu daba futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze sinciphise umthelela wayo ezinhlelweni zemvelo zeplanethi yethu ezintekenteke. Ake sijule ebuhlotsheni obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokulima kwezilwane nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nemiphumela yako ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Isidingo esikhulu semikhiqizo yezilwane esiqhuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Isidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane sibe nemiphumela elimazayo emhlabeni wethu, ikakhulukazi okubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngezinga elishaqisayo. Njengoba abathengi beqhubeka nokufuna futhi bedla ukudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni, isidingo somhlaba omkhulu wokufuywa kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla siye sakhula. Lokhu kwandiswa kwendawo yokulima kuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, kucekele phansi imvelo ebalulekile futhi kuxoshwe inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuguqulwa kwala mahlathi abe amadlelo amadlelo noma izindawo ezitshalwe ukuze kudliwe imfuyo akugcini nje ngokuba nesandla ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa kuphinde kukhiphe inani elikhulu lesikhutha emkhathini, okwenza kube nzima ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi isidingo esikhulu semikhiqizo yezilwane sinomthelela ngokuqondile ekugawulweni kwamahlathi futhi kubangela usongo olukhulu endaweni yethu ezungezile kanye nokulinganisela kwayo okuntekenteke kokuphila.
Ukwandiswa kwamadlelo kucekela phansi izindawo zokuhlala
Ukwandiswa kwamadlelo okulinywa kwezilwane kuye kwavela njengembangela enkulu yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuqhubeka kwanda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezilwane, izindawo ezinkulu zemvelo yemvelo ziguqulwa zibe amadlelo. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, utshani, nezinye izindawo zemvelo ukuze kuvuleke imfuyo ithuba lokuklaba. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ezingenakubalwa, kuhlanganise nezilwane zasendle ezisengozini yokushabalala, zilahlekelwa amakhaya azo futhi zizabalazela ukuphila ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ezincipha ngokushesha. Lokhu kucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kuphazamisa ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi bemvelo, okuholela ekwehleni nasekushabalalani okungase kube khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukwandiswa kwendawo yamadlelo akugcini nje ngokucekela phansi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi kuphazamisa izinsiza ezibalulekile zesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, njengokuhluzwa kwamanzi nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, kuphinde kubeke engcupheni impilo yonke kanye nokuqina kweplanethi yethu. Kudingeka isinyathelo esiphuthumayo ukuze kubhekwane nemithelela elimazayo yokwandiswa kwendawo yamadlelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile zeplanethi yethu.
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulima kwezilwane, kuhlotshaniswa nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ukukhuliswa, ukucubungula, nokuthuthwa kwemfuyo kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwe-methane ne-nitrous oxide, amagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa emkhathini. I-methane ikhishwa phakathi nezinqubo zokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezelusayo, njengezinkomo nezimvu, kuyilapho i-nitrous oxide ikhishwa ezinhlelweni zokulawula udoti wezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kukonke kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okubhebhethekisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemithelela ehambisana nakho kwezemvelo kanye nomphakathi. Ukubhekana nodaba lwesisi esingcolisa umoya esihlobene nemfuyo kubalulekile ekwehliseni imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguqukela ekusaseni elisimeme neliqinile.
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kusongela izimiso zemvelo
Ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kubangela usongo olukhulu kuma-ecosystem emhlabeni wonke. I-Biodiversity izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokuphila, okuhlanganisa izitshalo, izilwane, nama-microorganisms, atholakala endaweni ethile noma ohlelweni lwendalo. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukulingana nokusebenza kwe-ecosystem, ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile njengokuthuthwa kwempova, ukugibela izakhi zamabhayisikili, nokulawula izinambuzane. Nokho, ngenxa yezici ezinjengokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungcoliswa komhlaba, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlaselayo, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kuncipha ngokushesha. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kunemiphumela ejulile kuma-ecosystem, njengoba kuphazamisa iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile. Kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwazo zonke izimiso zemvelo, okungathinti nje kuphela izilwane zasendle ezincike kuzo kodwa futhi nemiphakathi yabantu ethembele kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo ukuze zithole ukudla, amanzi, nezinye izinsiza. Ngakho-ke, ukulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulondoloza kubalulekile empilweni yesikhathi eside nokusimama kweplanethi yethu.
Imfucuza yezilwane ingcolisa imithombo yamanzi
Ukulima kwezilwane kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni kwamanzi ngokungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi ngemfucuza yezilwane. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo ngezinga elikhulu kuholela ekuqongeleleni imfucuza eningi, evame ukuphelela emanzini aseduze. Imfucumfucu yezilwane iqukethe amazinga aphezulu omsoco, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, okungaba nemiphumela elimazayo ku-ecosystem yasemanzini. Lapho lezi zakhi zomsoco zingena emithonjeni yamanzi, zingabangela ukukhula ngokweqile kwe-algae, okuholela entweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-eutrophication. Le nqubo iqeda amazinga omoya-mpilo emanzini, ilimaza izinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ukwengeza, imfucuza yezilwane ingaba namagciwane ayingozi kanye namagciwane abeka ubungozi empilweni yomuntu uma isetshenziswa noma ihlangana namanzi angcolile. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nendaba yokulawulwa kwemfucuza yezilwane embonini yezolimo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izinga lamanzi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwemithombo yethu yamanzi.
Ukulima okukhulu kudinga imvume yomhlaba
Imisebenzi yokulima emikhulu, eqhutshwa isidingo sokulima kwezilwane, ngokuvamile idinga imvume enkulu yomhlaba. Lo mkhuba ubandakanya ukususwa kwezimila zemvelo, okuhlanganisa amahlathi nezinye izindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile ngokwezemvelo, ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yezolimo. Ukuguqulwa kwala mazwe akuphumeleli nje kuphela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke. Amahlathi anendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo yamaplanethi ngokuthatha isikhutha futhi anikeze izindawo zokuhlala zezitshalo nezilwane ezingenakubalwa. Ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi yokulima ngezinga elikhulu ngokususwa komhlaba kusongela lezi zinsizakalo ezibalulekile ze-ecosystem futhi kwandisa udaba oseluvele lunzima lokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukuthola ezinye izindlela ezisimeme esikhundleni sokugunyazwa komhlaba kwezolimo kubalulekile ekudambiseni imithelela eyingozi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulondoloza imithombo yethu yemvelo ukuze izuze izizukulwane ezizayo.
Izitshalo ze-Monoculture zokudla kwezilwane
Ukuthembela ezitshalweni zokulima okukodwa kokuphakela kwezilwane kuphinde kuhlanganise umthelela omubi wezolimo zezilwane ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo. I-Monoculture isho umkhuba wokutshala isitshalo esisodwa ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Esimeni sokulima kwezilwane, izitshalo ezilima i-monoculture ezifana nobhontshisi wesoya kanye nommbila zilinywa kakhulu ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo sokudla kwemfuyo. Lokhu kulinywa kanzima akudingi nje kuphela ukuvunyelwa komhlaba okubanzi kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwenhlabathi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kwezitshalo ze-monoculture kuzishiya zisengozini yezinambuzane nezifo, okudinga ukungenelela okwengeziwe kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwezitshalo zokulima okukodwa kokuphakela izilwane akugcini nje ngokuqhubekisela phambili ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kodwa futhi kubukela phansi ukulinganisela okungokwemvelo kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, okusongela ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukubhekana nalolu daba kudinga ukwamukela izindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla okuzinzile nezihlukene ezibeka kuqala impilo yemvelo nokongiwa.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu okubangelwa imisebenzi enjengokugawulwa kwemithi, ukugawulwa kwezindawo zokulima, nokufudukela emadolobheni kuye kwaphawulwa njengengxenye enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Amahlathi adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu soMhlaba ngokumunca isikhutha nge-photosynthesis futhi asebenze njengamasinki e-carbon. Nokho, lapho amahlathi ecekelwa phansi, ikhabhoni egciniwe iphinde ibuyele emkhathini ibe isikhutha, igesi ebamba ukushisa ebangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa kwezihlahla kunciphisa amandla eplanethi okumunca isikhutha, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuphinde kuphazamise izimo zezulu zendawo, okuholela ekushintsheni kwezindlela zemvula kanye nokwanda kobungozi ezimeni zesimo sezulu esibi njengezikhukhula nesomiso. Ukuxhumana phakathi kokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kugqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nezimbangela zokugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi kusetshenziswe izinqubo ezisimeme zokuphatha umhlaba ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wako emhlabeni wethu.
Izenzo ezingalawuleki zilimaza imvelo
Nakuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyisici esibalulekile ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo, akuwona kuphela umkhuba ongalawuleki olimaza imvelo. Imikhuba engasimami kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, njengezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla, inomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Isibonelo, endabeni yokulima kwezilwane, isidingo esikhulu senyama nemikhiqizo yobisi siye saholela ekwandeni nasekuqinisweni kokufuywa kwemfuyo, okubangele ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala eziklanyelwe izinkomo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo ezivamile kungcolisa imizila yamanzi futhi kulimaza nemvelo. Le mikhuba engalawuleki ayigcini nje ngokuthunaza imvelo kodwa futhi ibeka engcupheni empilweni yabantu nasekuphileni kwesikhathi eside kweplanethi yethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni kanye nabantu ngabanye basebenzise izinqubo ezisimeme ezibeka phambili ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokongiwa, okuqinisekisa ikusasa elinempilo nelizinzile lawo wonke umuntu.
Cabangela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe esitshalweni zokusimama
Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nomthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane nokukhuthaza ukusimama iwukucabangela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, namaprotheni ezitshalo, kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kokubili emvelweni nempilo yomuntu siqu. Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela emikhiqizweni yezilwane, abantu banganciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala okuhlobene nokufuywa kwemfuyo, kanye nokungcola okubangelwa umanyolo wamakhemikhali osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukudla. Okunye okusekelwe ezitshalweni nakho kunokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa okuncane futhi kudinga amanzi amancane nomhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nokulima kwezilwane. Ukwamukela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kungaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekwehliseni imiphumela yemvelo yokukhetha kwethu ukudla kanye nokugqugquzela ikusasa elisimeme.
