Isicelo esiphuthumayo esenzweni sokumisa unya egameni lesayensi
Zibone ngeso lengqondo uvaleleke ekhejini elincane, elingenalutho, uhlolwa okubuhlungu usuku nosuku. Ubugebengu bakho kuphela? Ukuzalwa njengomuntu ongenacala futhi ongenazwi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngezigidi zezilwane emhlabeni wonke egameni locwaningo lwesayensi nokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo. Ukuhlola izilwane sekuyisikhathi eside kuwumkhuba oyimpikiswano, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokuphathwa kabi nonya olwenziwa kwezinye izidalwa. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizocubungula uhlobo olunonya lokuhlolwa kwezilwane, sihlole ukulinganiselwa kwakho, futhi sikhulume ngesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthola ezinye izindlela.
Ukuqonda Animal Testing
Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-vivisection, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ekuhloleni kwesayensi ukuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo, izidakamizwa, nezinqubo zezokwelapha. Sekuwumkhuba ojwayelekile amashumi eminyaka, nezimboni ezahlukahlukene eziqasha izilwane ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo zokuhlola. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imboni yezimonyo efaka onogwaja ekuhlolweni kokucasuka kwamehlo noma izinkampani ezenza imithi ezihlola imiphumela yemithi ezimfaneni, ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ocwaningweni kusabalele.
Kuwo wonke umlando, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kuye kwalungisiswa ngabasekeli bazo njengendlela edingekayo yokuqhubekisela phambili ulwazi lwesayensi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu. Nokho, izikhathi ziyashintsha, futhi kufanele kanjalo nombono wethu ngale ndaba. Ukuqwashisa okwandayo kanye nokubuzwa kwemithelela yesimilo ehambisana nokuhlolwa kwezilwane kuye kwasishukumisela ukuba sifune ezinye izindlela.
Ukukhathazeka Ngokuziphatha Nonya
Umuntu akakwazi ukujula engxoxweni yokuhlolwa kwezilwane ngaphandle kokuvuma unya olukhulu olwenziwa kulezi zidalwa ezinemizwa. Ngemva kweminyango evaliwe yama-laboratories, izilwane zihlupheka kakhulu, zibekezelela izinqubo ezibuhlungu, ukuvalelwa, nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Imikhuba evamile ihilela ukuncelisa abantu ngenkani, ukuchayeka okunobuthi, nokuhlinzwa okuhlaselayo, konke okwenziwa kulezi zilwane ezingenakuzisiza. Izindaba eziye zavela zibonisa iqiniso elibuhlungu lokuhlukunyezwa nokunganakwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, onogwaja abaningi banezici ezibolayo emehlweni abo noma bajovelwe esikhumbeni sabo, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuhlupheka futhi ngokuvamile nokulimala okungapheli. Amagundane namagundane angaphansi kokuhlolwa kobuthi, lapho kulawulwa khona izinto ezibulalayo ukuze kubhekwe imiphumela kuze kube sekufeni. Ukulandisa konya kuyaqhubeka, kwembula iqiniso elidabukisayo lokuthi izilwane zivame ukuphathwa njengezinto ezilahlwayo kunokuba abantu abaphilayo abafanelwe ububele.
Imithelela yesimilo yokuhlolwa kwezilwane ijulile. Abameli baphikisa ngokuthi impilo yomuntu, ukuphepha, kanye nenhlalakahle kubekwa phambili yilo mkhuba. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sibheke ukuthi intuthuko yethu njengomphakathi kufanele yakhelwe ekuhluphekeni kwezidalwa ezingenacala. Ingabe singakuthethelela ngempela ukuhlushwa okubekezelelwa izilwane kuyilapho zikhona ezinye izindlela?
Imikhawulo kanye Nokungasebenzi
Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ngokwako kunemikhawulo ebalulekile ephakamisa ukungabaza mayelana nokusebenza kwayo nokuthembeka. Nakuba izilwane zabelana ngokufana kwezinto eziphilayo nabantu, kunomehluko wemvelo owenza ukuvezwa kwemiphumela kube yinkinga. Ukwehluka kwezinhlobo ze-anatomy, physiology, metabolism, kanye nokwakheka kofuzo kuvame ukuholela ekungalungisweni kahle lapho uzama ukubikezela izimpendulo zabantu.
Izidakamizwa eziningana nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha okwamenyezelwa ukuthi iphephile ekuhlolweni kwezilwane iye yabonakala iyingozi noma ibulala imbala kubantu. Isibonelo, isidakamizwa i-Thalidomide, esinikezwe abesifazane abakhulelwe ngenxa yokugula kwasekuseni, sabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwemilenze yezingane ezinkulungwaneni zezingane, naphezu kokuhlolwa kwezilwane futhi kubhekwa njengokuphephile. Lesi sigameko esibuhlungu sigqamisa izingozi zokuthembela kuphela kudatha yezilwane kanye nesidingo sezinye izindlela zokuhlola .
Ukuqhubekela kwezinye izindlela
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokuhlola izilwane zikhona futhi zithola ukuqashelwa nokwamukelwa emphakathini wesayensi. Izindlela ezintsha, ezifana namasiko e-in vitro cell kanye namamodeli ekhompiyutha ayinkimbinkimbi, abonakala enembe kakhudlwana, ethembekile, futhi ehambisana nokwakheka komzimba womuntu kunezindlela ezivamile zokuhlola izilwane.
Amasiko amaseli e-in vitro avumela abacwaningi ukuthi bafunde imithelela yezinto kumaseli omuntu ngokuqondile. Lawa masiko ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ezingozini ezingaba khona kanye nezinzuzo, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izimpilo nempilo enhle yezilwane. Ngokufanayo, amamodeli ekhompiyutha asebenzisa ukulingisa okuthuthukile nobuhlakani bokwenziwa angahlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha, anikeze ukuqonda okubanzi kwemithelela yezidakamizwa nemikhiqizo kubhayoloji yabantu.
Imizamo yokuguqula kude nokuhlolwa kwezilwane isiqalile. Izindikimba ezilawulayo, okuhlanganisa ne-European Union, zisebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kokuhlolwa kwezimonyo ezilwaneni, zicindezela izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezingenalo unya. Ngokufanayo, amanye amazwe, anjengeNew Zealand neNdiya, akuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ukuhlola izimonyo ngokuphelele. Lezi zinyathelo ezinhle zisebenza njengobufakazi bezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo nezinozwelo ezikhona.
Imizamo yokusebenzisana kanye ne-future Outlook
Ukuqhubekela emhlabeni ongenakho ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kudinga imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, izinhlangano, nabathengi. Ngokusekela nokuxhasa ngezimali izinhlelo zocwaningo nentuthuko ezigxile kwezinye izindlela zokuhlola, singaqhuba ushintsho oludingekayo. Ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe, okuhambisana nesidingo sabathengi semikhiqizo engenalo unya , kungacindezela izinkampani ukuthi zitshale ezindleleni zokuhlola ukuziphatha.
Umbono wesikhathi esizayo uyathembisa. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxila okukhulayo emhlabeni wonke kumalungelo ezilwane, sinethuba lokuguqula indlela esenza ngayo ukuhlola. ngokushintsha ngokuphelele ukuhlola kwezilwane kufake ezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya . Lezi zindlela ezihlukile azibeki phambili nje kuphela inhlalakahle yezilwane kodwa futhi zinikeza izinzuzo ngokonga izindleko nokusebenza kahle.
Isiphetho
Umkhuba wonya wokuhlola izilwane akumele usabekezelelwa emphakathini wethu. Ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nemikhawulo ehambisana nalesi senzo esiphelelwe yisikhathi kubiza ukuthi kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo ukuthola nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuhlola. Ngokwamukela izindlela ezintsha, singadlulela esikhathini esizayo lapho izilwane zingasenabuhlungu nokuhlupheka ukuze sizuze. Kuyisibopho sethu esihlangene ukulwela ukuhlolwa okungenalunya kanye nokweseka izinkampani nezinhlangano ezamukela lolu shintsho. Ngokubambisana, singanqamula ukuthula futhi sivule indlela yomhlaba onozwelo.
