Ukulima kwezilwane, imboni yezigidigidi zamadola , kuvame ukuvezwa njengendlela edingekayo yokondla inani labantu elikhulayo emhlabeni. Nokho, ngemva kwezithombe eziwubukhazikhazi zezinkomo ezijabule ziklaba emadlelweni aluhlaza nezinkukhu ezizulazula ngokukhululekile elangeni, kukhona iqiniso elimnyama nelinonya. Amapulazi efekthri, aziwa nangokuthi yi- concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), angumthombo oyinhloko wenyama, ubisi, namaqanda embonini yokudla yesimanje. Lezi zikhungo zezimboni zingase zikhiqize inqwaba yemikhiqizo yezilwane, kodwa izindleko zingani? Iqiniso liwukuthi, izilwane eziningi ezifuyelwa ukudla emapulazini ezimboni zihlala ezindaweni eziminyene, ezingahlanzekile, nezingenabuntu. Babhekwa njengempahla nje, abangenalo uzwelo noma ukucabangela inhlalakahle yabo. Izenzo ezinonya kanye nemiphumela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane ngokuvamile zifihlekile emehlweni omphakathi, kodwa sekuyisikhathi sokukhanyisa leli qiniso elibuhlungu. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ngaphakathi kwamapulazi efektri futhi sidalule iqiniso elibangela unya lokulima kwezilwane.
Izimo ezingenabuntu ziholela ekuhluphekeni
Ukuphathwa kwezilwane ngaphakathi kwamapulazi efektri sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimpikiswano nokukhathazeka. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimo ezingenabuntu kulezi zikhungo ngokuvamile ziholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kwezilwane ezihilelekile. Njengemisebenzi eqhutshwa yinzuzo, amapulazi emboni abeka phambili ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane. Lokhu kubangela izimo zokuphila eziminyana nezingahlanzekile, lapho izilwane zincishwa ukuziphatha kwazo okungokwemvelo futhi zingaphansi kokucindezeleka nokungakhululeki njalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasistimu okuvalela, njengamakheji aminyene noma amakhreyithi okukhulelwa, kuphinde kubeke imingcele ukunyakaza kwawo kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi. Lezi zimo azigcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni impilo engokomzimba yezilwane, kodwa futhi zibangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, okuholela ekuphileni kosizi kulezi zidalwa ezinemizwa.
Ukuminyana nokunganakwa kuvamile
Emapulazini ezimboni, iqiniso elilodwa elidabukisayo ukusabalala kokuminyana nokunganakwa. Lezi zinsiza, eziqhutshwa yizisusa zenzuzo, zivame ukubeka phambili ukukhulisa inani lezilwane ezifuywa ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ziminyene ndawonye ezindaweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile, zinganaki inhlalakahle yazo. Ukuminyana akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni impilo engokomzimba nokunethezeka kwezilwane, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga engcindezi nokwanda kokungenwa yizifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuningi bezilwane kulezi zikhungo kwenza kube inselele ukunakekelwa nokunakwa okufanele, okuholela ekubeni zinganakwa futhi kubhebhethekise ukuhlupheka kwazo.
Izilwane ziphathwa njengempahla
Ukuthengiswa kwezilwane endaweni yokulima kwezilwane kuyiqiniso elimangalisayo elingeke lishaywe indiva. Emapulazini amafekthri, izilwane zithathwa njengemikhiqizo nje, ziphucwe ukubaluleka kwazo futhi zenziwa izinto zenzuzo. Izimpilo zabo zivame ukuqondiswa ukusebenza kahle nokucatshangelwa kwezomnotho kunokuba ukunakekelwa kweqiniso nenhlonipho. Kusukela zizalwa noma zichanyuselwa, izilwane zithola ukuphila okungenakho ukuziphatha okungokwemvelo nesithunzi. Bavalelwe ezindaweni eziqinile ezingenandawo yokuzulazula, banqatshelwe ukufinyelela emoyeni omusha nokukhanya kwelanga, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba babekezelele ukudla okungekhona okwemvelo nezimo zokuphila. Lokhu kugxila okungapheli ekwandiseni umkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko kuqhubekisela phambili uhlelo lapho izilwane zibonakala njengempahla eshintshwayo esikhundleni sezidalwa ezinozwela ezifanelwe ububele nokucatshangelwa.
Ama-hormone nama-antibiotics asetshenziswa kabi
Ngaphakathi kwewebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yonya ekhona ngaphakathi kwamapulazi emboni, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamahomoni nama-antibiotic kungenye into ephazamisayo engenakushalazelwa. Emzamweni wokwandisa inzuzo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe ekhulayo, izilwane zivame ukujova ama-hormone kanye nokulawulwa njalo kwama-antibiotic. Amahomoni asetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi, nokushintsha umjikelezo wokuzala, konke lokhu kulimaza impilo yezilwane. Lokhu kuxhashazwa kokulinganisela kwama-hormone emvelo akuholeli nje kuphela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngomthelela ongaba khona empilweni yomuntu. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwama-antibiotic akugcini nje ukufaka isandla ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kodwa futhi kuqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wezifo ezingelapheki phakathi kwalezi zindawo zamapulazi eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile.
Umthelela wemvelo mubi kakhulu
Umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane mubi ngokungangabazeki. Kusukela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kuya ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, imboni ibeka ubunzima obukhulu ezinsizeni zeplanethi yethu. Ukugawulwa kwezindawo ezinkulu ukuze kuvuleke indawo yamadlelo nokukhiqiza ukudla kuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo ebalulekile kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lemfucuza ekhiqizwa amapulazi ezimboni, okuhlanganisa indle yezilwane nomchamo, kunomthelela ekungcoleni kwamanzi nasekungcoliseni imifula nemifudlana eseduze. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi ekuniseleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane kwandisa izinkinga zokushoda kwamanzi ezifundeni eziningi. Ukwengeza, ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kwezolimo kwezilwane, okuhlanganisa i-methane ne-nitrous oxide, kunomthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokufudumala komhlaba. Imiphumela yemvelo yokulima kwezilwane ayinakushaywa indiva, futhi kudingeka isinyathelo esiphuthumayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wako oyingozi emhlabeni wethu.
Abasebenzi nabo basengozini
Ngaphakathi kobumnyama bokulima kwezilwane kukhona okunye okukhathazayo okuphawulekayo: usizi lwezisebenzi ezihilelekile kule mboni. Izimo zokusebenza ezinzima kanye nokuntuleka kokuvikela okwanele kubeka laba bantu engozini ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Emapulazini amafekthri, abasebenzi bachayeka ezintweni eziyingozi, njenge-ammonia ephuma emfucumfucwini yezilwane, okungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula kanye nezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside . Bavame ukusebenza amahora amade okusebenza ngokomzimba, baphumule kancane noma baphumule, okuholela ekukhathaleni kanye namathuba anda ezingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvelo ephindaphindayo futhi eyisidina yomsebenzi ingaba nemiphumela elimazayo enhlalakahleni yabo yengqondo, okunomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okucindezeleka nokucindezeleka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi unya lokulima kwezilwane aludluleli ezilwaneni kuphela kodwa nakubasebenzi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwezindonga zakhona.
Abathengi badukiswa ngemikhuba
Iqiniso lezinqubo phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane lidweba isithombe esiphazamisayo, futhi kubalulekile ukuveza iqiniso lokuthi abathengi bavame ukudukiswa mayelana nemvelo yale misebenzi. Ngokumaketha kwamasu nokukhangisa okudukisayo, imboni ivamise ukuveza isithombe esihlanzekile nesinhle sezilwane ezijabule ziklabile emadlelweni aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso ngemuva kwezigcawu likude nalesi sigcawu esidukisayo. Amapulazi amafekthri, akha ingxenye enkulu yemboni, avalela izilwane ezindaweni eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile, ezibeka ngaphansi kokuhlupheka okukhulu nokunganakwa. Ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekukhanyeni kwemvelo, umoya ohlanzekile, nokunakekelwa okufanele kwezilwane kubangela ukonakala kwezilwane kanye nokusabalala kwezifo. Le mikhuba edukisayo ayigcini nje ngokukhohlisa abathengi kodwa futhi iqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wonya phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baziswe futhi bafune ezinye izindlela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi zikhuthaze izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha.
Ushintsho luyadingeka ukuze kube nesihawu
Ukuze kubhekwane futhi ekugcineni kuliwe nonya olutholakala ekulimeni kwezilwane, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uguquko luyadingeka ukuze kube nozwelo. Uhlelo lwamanje lubeka phambili inzuzo nokusebenza kahle ngokulahlekelwa inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezihlukile nezibonisa ububele, njengokuguqukela kwezinye ezisekelwe esitshalweni noma ezitshalwe elebhu, singaqala ukushintsha umbono siye endleleni enezimiso ezinhle nezisimeme. Lokhu kudinga umzamo ohlangene ovela kubathengi, ababambiqhaza bemboni, kanye nabakhi benqubomgomo ukuze basekele futhi bakhuthaze izixazululo ezisha ezibeka phambili ububele ezilwaneni. Kuphela ngoshintsho oluphusile lapho singaqeda khona ngempela unya olungokwemvelo phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane futhi sakhe ikusasa elinobulungisa nelinozwelo kubo bonke abantu abahilelekile.
Sengiphetha, iqiniso lokulima emafemini liyiqiniso elibuhlungu okumele sibhekane nalo njengabathengi. Ukuphathwa ngonya nokungabi nobuntu kwezilwane kulezi zikhungo wudaba lokuziphatha oludinga ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo. Ngokuzifundisa thina kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo mayelana nokudla esikudlayo, singasebenzela ikusasa elinokuziphatha okuhle nelisimeme kwezolimo lwezilwane. Masingakushayi indiva ukuhlupheka kwalezi zidalwa ezingenacala, kodwa kunalokho, silwele ukudala umhlaba onozwelo nobuntu.
FAQ
Unya lokulima kwezilwane luyithinta kanjani inhlalakahle kanye nezinga lempilo yezilwane ezisemapulazini emboni?
Unya lokulima kwezilwane luthinta kakhulu inhlalakahle kanye nezinga lempilo yezilwane ezisemapulazini emboni. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwezimo eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile, zincishwe ukuziphatha kwemvelo, futhi zivame ukulawulwa izinqubo ezibuhlungu njengokudebeza noma ukugoqa umsila ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa. Zikhuliswa futhi ukuze zikhule ngezinga elingelona elemvelo nelingenampilo, okuholela ezinkingeni ezehlukene zezempilo. Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, ukwesaba, nokuhlupheka izilwane ezibhekana nazo emapulazini emboni kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yazo, okuholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Yiziphi ezinye zezibonelo eziqondile zemikhuba engenabuntu evame ukutholakala emapulazini ezimboni, futhi inesandla kanjani ebunyameni bokulima kwezilwane?
Ezinye izibonelo ezithile zemikhuba enonya evame ukutholakala emapulazini efekthri zifaka ukuminyana, ukuvalelwa emakhejini amancane noma amakhreyithi, ukuntula ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezilwane, ukudotshwa komsila, ukukhipha izimpondo, nokugudluza ngaphandle kobuhlungu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamahomoni okukhula kanye nama-antibiotic. Le mikhuba inomthelela ebuhlungwini bokulima kwezilwane ngokubangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ezilwaneni, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezeleka, izifo, nokulimala. Ukugxila ekwandiseni inzuzo kuvame ukunganaki inhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ekunganakeni kwezidingo zazo eziyisisekelo nokuziphatha kwemvelo, okuholela ohlelweni olubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kunenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ngabe umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane unomthelela kanjani ezenzweni zonya lwemboni?
Umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane unomthelela omkhulu ezenzweni zonya lwemboni. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane ngezinga elikhulu kudinga inani elikhulu lomhlabathi, amanzi, nemithombo, okuholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukwengeza, imboni inesibopho sokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Le mikhuba ayigcini nje ngokulimaza imvelo nezilwane zasendle kodwa futhi iqhubekisela phambili ukuhlupheka kwezilwane embonini. Ngakho-ke umthelela wemvelo wokulima kwezilwane ugqamisa isimo esingesihle nesingenabuntu semboni yonkana.
Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingase zibe khona noma izixazululo zonya lokulima kwezilwane, njengokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma izinqubo zokulima ezinokuziphatha okwengeziwe?
Ezinye izindlela ezingase zibe khona noma izixazululo zonya lokulima kwezilwane zihlanganisa ukwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokulima enesimilo. Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, okuholela ekwehleni kwenani lezilwane ezifuyelwa ukudla. Ukwengeza, izinqubo zokulima ezilungile, njengokuhlinzeka izilwane ngezimo zokuhlala ezanele, ukufinyelela ngaphandle, nokugwema ukulimala okungadingekile, kungathuthukisa inhlalakahle yonke yezilwane kwezolimo. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zingasiza ekwehliseni umthelela omubi wokulima kwezilwane ngenkathi kugqugquzelwa uhlelo lokudla olunozwelo futhi oluzinzile.
Yimiphi imiphumela yezimiso zokuziphatha neyokuziphatha ekusekeleni imboni yezolimo yezilwane, uma kucatshangelwa unya oluhilelekile?
Ukweseka imboni yezolimo yezilwane kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha nokuziphatha ngenxa yonya olungokwemvelo oluhilelekile. Imboni ivame ukusebenzisa imikhuba ebangela ukulimala nokuhlupheka ezilwaneni, njengokuvalelwa esitokisini, ukuminyana, nezinqubo ezibuhlungu. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nesibopho sethu ngezidalwa ezizwelayo kanye nokubaluleka kokunciphisa ukulimala. Ukwengeza, ukusekela le mboni kunomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo, ezingozini zezempilo zomphakathi, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinsiza. Ngokucabangela lezi zici, abantu ngabanye kufanele bacabangele imiphumela yokuziphatha futhi bahlole ezinye izindlela ezihambisana nezimiso zabo futhi bakhuthaze ububele ezilwaneni nasemvelweni.
