Imboni yezemfashini ibilokhu iqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokukhanga kobuhle, kodwa ngemuva kweminye yemikhiqizo ebiza kakhulu, kuqhubeka ubudlova obufihliwe bokuziphatha. Isikhumba, uboya, nezinye izinto ezithathwe ezilwaneni ezisetshenziswa ezingutsheni nasezintweni zokugqoka azigcini nje ngokuba nemiphumela emibi kwezemvelo kodwa futhi zihilela nobudlova obukhulu ezilwaneni. Lesi sihloko sihlola unya oluthule olutholakala ekukhiqizweni kwalezi zindwangu, sihlola izinqubo ezihilelekile kanye nemiphumela yazo ezilwaneni, emvelweni, nakumthengi.
Isikhumba:
Isikhumba singenye yezinto ezindala kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithathwe ezilwaneni embonini yemfashini. Ukuze kukhiqizwe isikhumba, izilwane ezinjengezinkomo, izimbuzi, nezingulube ziphathwa ngendlela engenabuntu. Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane zikhuliswa ezindaweni ezivalekile, zingenazo izindlela zemvelo zokuziphatha, futhi zibulawa kabuhlungu. Inqubo yokushiswa kwesikhumba ihlanganisa namakhemikhali ayingozi, abeka izingozi zemvelo nezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezilwane ehlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwesikhumba inegalelo elikhulu ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba, kanye nezinye izingozi zemvelo.Uboya:
Uboya bungenye indwangu ethandwa kakhulu etholakala ezilwaneni, etholakala kakhulu ezimvini. Nakuba uboya bungase bubonakale njengomthombo ovuselelekayo, iqiniso liphazamisa kakhulu. Izimvu ezikhuliselwe ukukhiqizwa koboya zivame ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa nemikhuba ebuhlungu njengokusebenzisa iminyuzi, lapho izingcezu zesikhumba zisikwa khona emhlane wazo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlaselwa yizimpukane. Inqubo yokugunda ngokwayo ingabangela ukucindezeleka nokulimala ezilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yoboya inegalelo ekonakaleni okukhulu kwemvelo, njengoba ukufuya izimvu kudinga umhlabathi omkhulu namanzi.Usilika:
Nakuba kungavamile ukuxoxwa ngakho, usilika ungenye indwangu ethathwe ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi izibungu zesilika. Inqubo yokuvuna usilika ihilela ukubilisa izibungu ziphila kuma-cocoon azo ukuze kukhishwe imicu, okubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu. Naphezu kokuba yindwangu ebizayo, ukukhiqizwa kukasilika kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa unya oluhilelekile ekuvunweni kwayo.Ezinye Izinto Ezivela Ezilwaneni:
Ngaphandle kwesikhumba, uboya, kanye nosilika, kunezinye izindwangu ezivela ezilwaneni, njenge-alpaca, i-cashmere, kanye nezimpaphe eziphansi. Lezi zinto zivame ukuza nokukhathazeka okufanayo ngokuziphatha. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cashmere kuhilela ukufuywa kwezimbuzi okujulile, okuholela ekonakaleni kwemvelo kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezilwane. Izimpaphe eziphansi, ezivame ukusetshenziswa emajakethini nasezingutsheni zokulala, zivame ukuqoqwa kumadada namahansi, ngezinye izikhathi esaphila, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokucindezeleka.
Indlela Izilwane Ezisetshenziselwa Izingubo Ezibulawa Ngayo
Iningi elikhulu lezigidigidi zezilwane ezibulawa ngenxa yesikhumba sazo, uboya, izimpaphe, noma uboya bazo libekezelela ukuhlupheka kokulima kwasefektri. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuphathwa njengempahla nje, ziphucwe ukubaluleka kwazo njengezidalwa ezinengqondo. Izidalwa ezizwelayo zivalelwe ezindaweni eziminyene nezingcolile, lapho zincishwa khona ngisho nokunethezeka okuyisisekelo. Ukungabikho kwezindawo zemvelo kuzishiya zicindezelekile ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, zivame ukuhlushwa ukungondleki kahle, izifo, nokulimala. Lezi zilwane azinandawo yokuhamba, azinalo ithuba lokuveza ukuziphatha kwemvelo, futhi izidingo zazo eziyisisekelo zokuhlalisana nabantu noma ukucebisa azinakwa nhlobo. Ezimweni ezimbi kangaka, usuku ngalunye luyimpi yokusinda, njengoba zihlushwa ukunganakwa nokuphathwa kabi.
Izilwane zihlukunyezwa ngokomzimba yizisebenzi, ezingase ziziphathe kabi, zizikhahlele, zizishaye, noma zize zingazinaki kuze kube sekufeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindlela ezinonya zokubulala embonini yoboya noma inqubo ebuhlungu yokususa isikhumba nokuvuna uboya, izimpilo zalezi zilwane zigcwele unya olungenakucatshangwa. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zibulawa ngezindlela ezihloselwe ukunciphisa izindleko, hhayi ukuhlupheka. Isibonelo, ezinye izindlela zokubulala zihilela ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengokunqunywa komphimbo ngaphandle kokushaqeka kwangaphambilini, okuvame ukushiya izilwane ziphapheme ngesikhathi sazo sokugcina. Ukwesaba nokucindezeleka kwezilwane kuyabonakala njengoba zithuthwa ziye endaweni yokuhlatshwa, lapho zibhekene khona nesiphetho esibi.
Embonini yoboya, izilwane ezifana nama-mink, ama-fox, kanye nonogwaja zivame ukuvalelwa ezindlini ezincane, ezingakwazi ukunyakaza noma ngisho nokujika. Lawa ma-cage abekwa emigqeni futhi angashiywa ezimweni ezingcolile nezingcolile. Uma kufika isikhathi sokubabulala, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinjengokushaywa ngegesi, ukushaywa ngogesi, noma ngisho nokuphulwa kwentamo yabo—ngokuvamile ngendlela engenabuntu futhi ngaphandle kokunaka inhlalakahle yesilwane. Le nqubo ishesha embonini, kodwa iyesabeka ezilwaneni ezihilelekile.
Isikhumba naso sibiza kakhulu ngale nje kokuhlatshwa kwezilwane kokuqala ngenxa yezikhumba zazo. Izinkomo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni isikhumba, zivame ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo nalezo ezisembonini yoboya. Ukuphila kwazo kuchithwa emapulazini efektri lapho zihlukunyezwa khona ngokomzimba, ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele, kanye nokuvalelwa ejele ngokweqile. Uma sezihlatshiwe, isikhumba sazo siyasuswa ukuze sicutshungulwe sibe imikhiqizo yesikhumba, inqubo evame ukugcwala amakhemikhali anobuthi alimaza imvelo kanye nezisebenzi ezihilelekile.
Izinto zoboya nesikhumba zivame ukubizwa kabi ngamabomu ukuze kudukiswe abathengi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu emazweni lapho imithetho yenhlalakahle yezilwane ingekho khona, futhi lo mkhuba awulawulwa. Abanye abakhiqizi abangathembekile baziwa ngokubulala izinja namakati ngenxa yoboya noma isikhumba sabo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imithetho yokuvikela izilwane ingasebenzi kahle khona. Lokhu kuholele ezigamekweni ezishaqisayo zokuhlatshwa kwezilwane zasekhaya, okuhlanganisa nezilwane ezifuywayo ezithandekayo, kanye nezikhumba zazo ezithengiswa njengezinto zemfashini. Ukuhweba ngoboya nesikhumba kuvame ukufihlwa, okushiya abathengi bengazi ngemvelaphi yangempela yezingubo zabo nezesekeli.
Kulezi zimo, uma ugqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngezilwane, ngokuvamile ayikho indlela elula yokwazi kahle ukuthi ungowaluphi uhlobo lwesikhumba. Amalebula angase athi into eyodwa, kodwa iqiniso lingase lihluke ngokuphelele. Iqiniso lihlala liwukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni oluthile, asikho isilwane esikhetha ngokuzithandela ukufa ngenxa yemfashini. Ngamunye wabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinkomo, impungushe, noma unogwaja, angathanda ukuphila impilo yakhe yemvelo, ngaphandle kokuxhashazwa. Ukuhlupheka abakubekezelelayo akukhona nje ngokomzimba kodwa nangokomzwelo—lezi zilwane zizwa ukwesaba, ukucindezeleka, nobuhlungu, kodwa izimpilo zazo ziyafinyezwa ukuze kufezwe izifiso zabantu zezinto zokunethezeka.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqaphele ukuthi izindleko zangempela zokugqoka izinto ezithathwe ezilwaneni zingaphezu kakhulu kwentengo. Kuyizindleko ezilinganiswa ngokuhlupheka, ukuxhashazwa, nokufa. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngale ndaba kukhula, abantu abaningi baphendukela kwezinye izindlela, befuna izinketho ezingenalo unya nezisimeme ezihlonipha imvelo kanye nezilwane ngokwazo. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile, singaqala ukuqeda umjikelezo wokuhlupheka futhi sinciphise isidingo sezingubo ezidalwe ngezindleko zokuphila kwabantu abangenacala.
Ukugqoka Izingubo Zama-Vegan
Ngaphezu kokubangela ukuhlupheka nokufa kwezigidigidi zezilwane minyaka yonke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezithathwe ezilwaneni—kufaka phakathi uboya, uboya, kanye nesikhumba—kufaka isandla kakhulu ekonakaleni kwemvelo. Imboni yezilwane, esekela ukudalwa kwalezi zinto, iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba, ukungcola, kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukufuya izilwane ngenxa yesikhumba sazo, uboya, izimpaphe, kanye nezinye izingxenye zomzimba kudinga indawo enkulu, amanzi, kanye nokudla. Kuphinde kubangele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, njengoba amahlathi ehlanzwa ukuze kuvulwe indawo yokudla noma izitshalo ukuze kondliwe imfuyo. Le nqubo ayisheshisi nje kuphela ukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo eziningi kodwa futhi inegalelo ekukhishweni kwamagesi okushisa ayingozi njenge-methane, anamandla okufudumala aphezulu kakhulu kune-carbon dioxide.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima nokucubungula izilwane ngenhloso yemfashini kungcolisa imifula yethu ngamakhemikhali anobuthi, ama-hormone, kanye nama-antibiotic. Lokhu kungcola kungangena ezindaweni zemvelo, kulimaze impilo yasemanzini futhi kungangena ochungechungeni lokudla kwabantu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikhumba, isibonelo, ivame ukuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-chromium, angangena emvelweni, okubangela izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu kanye neyasendle.
Njengoba ulwazi ngalezi zinkinga lukhula, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukwamukela izingubo ze-vegan njengendlela yokugwema ukufaka isandla ebudloveni nasekulimaleni kwemvelo okuhambisana nezinto ezisuselwe ezilwaneni. Iningi lethu lijwayelene nezindwangu ze-vegan ezivamile ezifana nekotini ne-polyester, kodwa ukwanda kwemfashini ye-vegan kuye kwaletha izinketho eziningi ezintsha nezisimeme. Ekhulwini lama-21, imboni yemfashini ye-vegan iyachuma, inikeza izinketho ezinesitayela nezinokuziphatha ezingancikile ezilwaneni noma emikhubeni eyingozi.
Izingubo nezesekeli ezenziwe nge-hemp, uqalo, nezinye izinto ezisekelwe ezitshalweni manje sezivamile. I-hemp, isibonelo, iyisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha esidinga amanzi amancane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, okwenza kube yindlela enobungani nemvelo esikhundleni sikakotini. Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iguquguqukayo ngendlela emangalisayo, isetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela kumajakethi kuya ezicathulweni. Uqalo, futhi, seluyinto ethandwayo ekukhiqizweni kwezindwangu, njengoba luhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, lubola, futhi lumelana nezinambuzane ngokwemvelo. Lezi zinto zinikeza induduzo efanayo, ukuqina, kanye nobuhle njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwezithiyo zokuziphatha kanye nezemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, kube nokwanda okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezindwangu zokwenziwa ezilingisa imikhiqizo yezilwane kodwa ngaphandle konya. Isikhumba esingelona iqiniso, esenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyurethane (PU) noma muva nje, ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ezifana nesikhumba samakhowe noma isikhumba sama-apula, sinikeza inketho engenanya ebukeka futhi izwakala ifana nesikhumba sendabuko. Lokhu kusungulwa kwezindwangu ze-vegan akushintshi nje kuphela indlela esicabanga ngayo ngemfashini kodwa futhi kusunduzela imboni emikhubeni eqhubekayo.
Izingubo ze-vegan nazo zidlulela ngale kwezindwangu zifake izesekeli ezifana nezicathulo, izikhwama, amabhande, nezigqoko. Abaklami kanye nemikhiqizo banikeza ngokwengeziwe ezinye izindlela ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside nezingenalo unya, okunikeza abathengi izinketho eziningi zesitayela. Lezi zesekeli zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-cork, imicu yephayinaphu (i-Piñatex), kanye nepulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa, konke okunikeza ukuqina kanye nokuthungwa okuhlukile ngaphandle kokuxhaphaza izilwane.
Ukukhetha izingubo ze-vegan akuyona nje indlela yokuma ulwa nonya lwezilwane kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibheke endleleni yokuphila eqhubekayo nenakekela imvelo. Ngokukhetha izinto ezingenazo izilwane, abathengi banciphisa ukunyathela kwabo kwekhabhoni, balondoloza amanzi, futhi basekela izimboni ezibeka impilo yeplanethi phambili kunenzuzo. Njengoba kutholakala ezinye izindlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezifashini, ukugqoka izingubo ze-vegan sekuyindlela efinyelelekayo nenesimilo kubantu abafuna ukwenza umthelela omuhle kokubili ezilwaneni kanye nasemvelweni.
Indlela Yokusiza Izilwane Ezisetshenziselwa Izingubo
Nasi uhlu lwezindlela ongasiza ngazo izilwane ezisetshenziselwa izingubo:
- Khetha Izingubo Zama-Vegan
Khetha izingubo ezenziwe ngezinto ezisekelwe ezitshalweni noma ezenziwe ngezinto ezingabandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane, njenge-hemp, ukotini, uqalo, kanye nezikhumba ezenziwe ngezinto (njenge-PU noma ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni).- Sekela Imikhiqizo Emihle
Sekela imikhiqizo nabaklami ababeka phambili imikhuba engenalo unya neqhubekayo ekukhiqizeni kwabo izingubo, futhi abazibophezela ekusebenziseni izinto ezingenazo izilwane.- Fundisa Abanye
Khulisa ulwazi ngezinkinga zokuziphatha eziphathelene nezindwangu ezithathwe ezilwaneni (njengesikhumba, uboya, noboya), futhi ukhuthaze abanye ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi nezinesihawu lapho bethenga izingubo.- Cwaninga Ngaphambi Kokuthenga
Funa izitifiketi ezifana namalebula athi “PETA-Approved Vegan” noma athi “Cruelty-Free” ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingubo noma izesekeli ozithengayo azinayo imikhiqizo yezilwane.- Buyisela futhi Usebenzise Izingubo
Kabusha noma ubuyisele izingubo ezindala esikhundleni sokuthenga ezintsha. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sezinto ezintsha futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wemboni yemfashini emvelweni.- Mela Imithetho Eqinile Yenhlalakahle Yezilwane
Sekela izinqubomgomo nemithetho evikela izilwane embonini yemfashini, njengokuvimbela imikhuba efana nokushushumbisa ngeminyuzi ekukhiqizweni koboya noma ukubulawa kwezilwane ngenxa yoboya.- Gwema Uboya, Isikhumba, Noboya
Gwema ukuthenga izingubo noma izesekeli ezenziwe ngoboya, isikhumba, noma uboya, njengoba lezi zimboni zivame ukuba nonya olukhulu kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.- Nikela Ezinhlanganweni Zamalungelo Ezilwane
Nikela ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzela ukuvikela izilwane ekuxhashazweni ngemfashini nakwezinye izimboni, njenge-Humane Society, i-PETA, noma i-The Animal Welfare Institute.- Thenga izingubo ezisetshenzisiwe noma zakudala
Khetha izingubo ezisetshenzisiwe noma zakudala ukuze unciphise isidingo semikhiqizo emisha, etholakala ezilwaneni. Lokhu kunciphisa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza futhi kusekela ukusetshenziswa okusimeme.- Sekela Izinto Ezintsha Ezindwangu Ezingenazo Izilwane
Khuthaza futhi usekele ucwaningo ngezindwangu ezintsha ezingenazo izilwane njengesikhumba samakhowe (i-Mylo), i-Piñatex (evela ku-pineapple fibers), noma izindwangu ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo, ezinikeza ezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya futhi ezinobungani nemvelo.- Yiba Umthengi Oqaphelayo
Yenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile mayelana nokukhetha kwakho imfashini, ugweme ukuthenga ngokuphamazela futhi ucabangele imiphumela yokuziphatha yokuthenga imikhiqizo esuselwe ezilwaneni. Khetha izingcezu ezingapheli ezenzelwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside.Ngokukhetha izinketho zemfashini ezingenazo izilwane nezisimeme, singanciphisa isidingo sezingubo ezixhaphaza izilwane, sizivikele ekuhluphekeni futhi sinciphise umthelela wemvelo ohlotshaniswa nezinto ezithathwe ezilwaneni.
