Enkathini lapho isifiso somhlaba wonke senyama singabonisi zimpawu zokuncipha, izinga elimangalisayo lokufa kwezilwane ukuze zidliwe ukukhiqizwa kuyiqiniso elimangalisayo. Unyaka ngamunye, abantu badla amathani ayizigidi ezingama-360 enyama, okuyisibalo esihumusha inani elicishe lingaqondakali lezimpilo zezilwane ezilahlekile. Nganoma isiphi isikhathi, izilwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 zivalelwe emapulazini emboni, kanti ezinye ezingenakubalwa ziyafuywa noma zibanjwe endle. Inani eliphelele lezilwane ezibulawa nsuku zonke ukuze zidliwe liyamangaza, futhi ukuhlupheka ezikubekezelela kule nqubo kuhlukumeza ngokufanayo.
Ukulima kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi emapulazini efekthri, kuyindaba ebuhlungu yokusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo esibekela inhlalakahle yezilwane. Cishe amaphesenti angama-99 emfuyo akhuliswa ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, lapho imithetho eyivikelayo ekuhlukunyezweni mincane futhi ayivamile ukusetshenziswa. Umphumela uba inani elibalulekile lobuhlungu kanye nosizi lwalezi zilwane, okuyiqiniso okufanele kuvunywe njengoba sihlola izinombolo ezibangele ukufa kwazo.
Ukulinganisa inani lokufa kwansuku zonke inani lezilwane ezidliwayo lembula izibalo ezimangalisayo. Nakuba ukubala izilwane zasemhlabeni njengezinkukhu, izingulube, nezinkomo kuqondile, ukulinganisa inani lezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini kugcwele izinselele. I-United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ikala ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ngesisindo, hhayi ngenani lezilwane, futhi izibalo zazo zihlanganisa izinhlanzi ezifuywayo kuphela, ngaphandle lezo ezibanjwe endle. Abacwaningi bazamile ukuvala leli gebe ngokuguqula isisindo sezinhlanzi ezibanjwe zibe izinombolo ezilinganisiwe, kodwa lokhu kuseyisayensi enembile.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha yango-2022 ye-FAO kanye nezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zocwaningo, izinombolo zosuku lokuhlatshwa zimi kanje: izigidi ezingu-206 zezinkukhu, phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-211 nezigidi ezingu-339 izinhlanzi ezifuywayo, phakathi kwezigidigidi ezi-3 nezingu-6 zezinhlanzi zasendle, nezigidi zezinye izilwane. okuhlanganisa amadada, izingulube, amahansi, izimvu nonogwaja. Sekukonke, lokhu kulingana phakathi kwezilwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3.4 nezingu-6.5 ezibulawa nsuku zonke, noma isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sezilwane ezingu-1.2 quadrillion. Le nombolo idlula abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-117 abake baba khona.
Idatha iveza amathrendi athile ahlabayo. Ngaphandle kwezinhlanzi, izinkukhu zilandisa ngenani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane ezihlatshwayo, okuwumfanekiso wokukhuphuka kwezinga eliphezulu kokudliwa kwezinkukhu eminyakeni engama-60 edlule. Khonamanjalo, amanani afayo ezilwane ezinjengamahhashi kanye nogwaja, okungavamisile ukudliwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, agqamisa ukwehluka komhlaba jikelele ekusetshenzisweni kwenyama.
Okwenezela kule nhlekelele, ingxenye enkulu yalezi zilwane ayilokothi idliwe. Ucwaningo lwango-2023 luthole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-24 ezilwane ezifuywayo afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esikhathini esithile ku-supply chain, okuholela ekutheni izilwane ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18 zife ngeze unyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle, okuhambisana nokubulawa kwamatshwele angamaduna ngenhloso kanye nokwenzeka kokubanjwa okungaqondile embonini yezilwane zasolwandle, kugcizelela udoti omkhulu nokuhlupheka okukhona ezinhlelweni zamanje zokukhiqiza ukudla.
Njengoba sihlola amanani okufa afihliwe ahlobene nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okubangelwa imboni yenyama, kuba sobala ukuthi umthelela ukudla kwethu okukhethwa kukho udlulela ngalé kwamapuleti ethu.
Unyaka ngamunye, abantu emhlabeni wonke badla amathani ayizigidi ezingama-360 enyama . Izilwane eziningi lezo - noma ngaphezulu, inqwaba yezilwane ezifile. Kunoma isiphi isikhathi, kunezilwane eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 emapulazini efektri , nezinye ezingenakubalwa ezifuywayo noma ezibanjwa olwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lezilwane ezibulawelwa ukudla nsuku zonke licishe libe likhulu kunani elingenakuqondwa.
Ezolimo Zezilwane, ngezinombolo
Ngaphambi kokungena esibalweni sokufa, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izilwane zihlupheka kakhulu emapulazini efektri , nasendleleni eya ezilaheni , nasezilaheni. Cishe amaphesenti angama-99 emfuyo akhuliswa emapulazini emboni, futhi amapulazi emboni abeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane. Imbalwa imithetho evikela imfuyo ekuhlukunyezweni nasekuphathweni kabi emapulazini, futhi abaphula leyo mithetho abavamile ukushushiswa .
Umphumela uba inani elibalulekile lobuhlungu nosizi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, futhi lokho kuhlupheka kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele siyikhumbule njengoba singena emananini abangela ukufa kwalezi zilwane.
Zingaki Izilwane Ezibulawelwa Ukudla Nsuku Zonke?
Ukulinganisa ukuhlatshwa kwezilwane kuqondile - ngaphandle uma kuziwa ezinhlanzini nezinye izilwane zasemanzini. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu.
Okokuqala, i-United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), elandelela izibalo zemfuyo yomhlaba wonke, ikala ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ngesisindo, hhayi inani lezilwane. Okwesibili, izinombolo ze-FAO zihlanganisa izinhlanzi ezifuywayo kuphela, hhayi lezo ezibanjwe endle.
Ukuze banqobe inselele yokuqala, abacwaningi bazama ukuguqula ingqikithi yamakhilogremu ezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe zibe ingqikithi yenani lezinhlanzi ngokwabo. Ngokusobala, lena isayensi enembayo edinga ukuqagela okuncane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izilinganiso zokuhlatshwa kwezinhlanzi zivamise ukuhluka kakhulu, futhi zivame ukuvezwa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ngokuqondene nenselelo yesibili, abacwaningi u-Alison Mood no-Phil Brooke baye bazama ukulinganisa inani lezinhlanzi zasendle ezibanjwa minyaka yonke , okokuqala ngokukhipha idatha emithonjeni eminingi bese ngokuguqula isisindo esiphelele sezinhlanzi zasendle zibe inani elilinganiselwe lezilwane.
Izinombolo ezilandelayo zisekelwe kudatha ye-2022 evela ku-FAO , ngaphandle kwezibalo zezinhlanzi: kuzinhlanzi ezifuywayo, ukuphela okuphansi kobubanzi kudonsela ocwaningweni olwenziwa yi-Sentience Institute , kuyilapho ukuphela okuphezulu kusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kuka-Mood no-Brooke . Ezinhlanzini ezibanjwe zasendle, ukuphela okuphansi neziphetho eziphezulu zesilinganiso zombili zisekelwe ebangeni elinikezwe i-Mood no-Brooke .
Njengoba sekushiwo lokho, nazi izilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuthi zingaki izilwane ezibulawa nsuku zonke ngokohlobo ngalunye.
- Izinkukhu: 206 million/ngosuku
- Izinhlanzi Ezilinyiwe: Phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-211 nezingama-339
- Izinhlanzi Zasendle: Phakathi kwezigidigidi ezi-3 nezingu-6
- Amadada: 9 million
- Izingulube: 4 million
- Amahansi: 2 million
- Izimvu: 1.7 million
- Onogwaja: 1.5 million
- AmaTurkey: 1.4 million
- Izimbuzi: 1.4 million
- Izinkomo: 846,000
- Amajuba nezinye izinyoni: 134,000
- Inyathi: 77,000
- Amahhashi: 13,000
- Ezinye izilwane: 13,000
Sekukonke lokhu kusho ukuthi njalo emahoreni angama-24, izilwane eziphakathi kuka-3.4 no-6.5 trillion zibulawa ukuze zidliwe. Lokho kufika esilinganisweni esiphansi se-1.2 quadrillion (i-quadrillion iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1,000 isigidintathu) izilwane ezibulawa minyaka yonke. Leyo inombolo emangalisayo. Ngokuphambene, izazi ze-anthropologists zilinganisela ukuthi ingqikithi yenani labantu abake baba khona yizigidigidi eziyi-117 kuphela.
Izinto ezimbalwa zigqama ngale datha.
Okokuqala, uma singazibandakanyi izinhlanzi, iningi lezilwane ezihlatshelwe ukudla izinkukhu. Lokhu akumangazi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukudliwa kwezinkukhu kuye kwenyuka kakhulu kule minyaka engu-60 edlule: phakathi kuka-1961 no-2022, umuntu ovamile usuka ekudleni u-2.86 kg wenkukhu minyaka yonke waya ku-16.96 kg - ukwanda ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-600.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinyama akuzange kukhuphuke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Kube nokukhuphuka okuncane kokusetshenziswa kwengulube ye-capita, kusukela ku-7.97 kg kuya ku-13.89 kg; kuyo yonke enye inyama, ukudliwa kuye kwahlala kumile kule minyaka engu-60 edlule.
Okunye okuphawulekayo yizibalo eziphakeme kakhulu zokufa kwezilwane abantu baseMelika abaningi abangazicabangi njengemithombo yenyama yabantu. Ukuhlaba amahhashi ukuze uthole inyama akukho emthethweni e-US, kodwa lokho akuvimbeli abantu bakwamanye amazwe ukuthi babulale angu-13,000 minyaka yonke. Inyama yogwaja ayisona isidlo esivamile eMelika, kodwa idume kakhulu eShayina nase-European Union .
Izilwane Ezihlatshiwe Ezingadliwa
Into eyodwa ekhungathekisa kakhulu ngakho konke lokhu, ngokombono wokusebenza kahle kanye nombono wenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezilwane ezibulawelwa ukudla azidliwa ngisho nokudliwa.
Ucwaningo lwango-2023 olwanyatheliswa encwadini ethi Sustainable Production and Consumption lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-24 ezilwane ezifuywayo afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esikhathini esithile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla: noma zifela epulazini ngaphambi kokuba zihlatshwe, zifele endleleni eya lapho kuhlatshwa khona, zifele lapho. isilaha kodwa azilungiselelwa ukudla, noma zilahlwe yizitolo, izindawo zokudlela kanye nabathengi.
Lokhu kudla okumoshiwe kwenezela ezilwaneni ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18 ngonyaka . Inyama yalezi zilwane ayifinyeleli ezindebeni zanoma yimuphi umuntu, okwenza ukufa kwabo - okufanele kugcizelelwe, ngokuvamile kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kunegazi - empeleni akunangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sibalo asifaki ngisho nokudla kwasolwandle; uma kwenzeka, inani lenyama elahlekile lingaba ama-oda amaningi obukhulu obuphakeme.
E-US, cishe ingxenye yesine yezilwane kulesi sigaba zifa epulazini ngenxa yezifo, ukulimala noma ezinye izimbangela. Amanye amaphesenti ayisikhombisa afa ngesikhathi ehamba, kanti amaphesenti angu-13 alahlwa abathenga ukudla ngemva kokwenziwa inyama.
Okunye kwalokhu "kufa okumoshiwe" kuyingxenye yemisebenzi yamapulazi efektri. Njalo ngonyaka, cishe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamatshwele abesilisa abulawa ngamabomu , noma “abulawa,” emapulazini emboni ngenxa yokuthi awakwazi ukuzalela amaqanda. Embonini yezilwane zasolwandle, izigidi zezigidi zezilwane zasemanzini zibanjwa ngengozi njalo ngonyaka - into ebizwa ngokuthi i-bycatch - futhi ziyabulawa noma zilimale ngenxa yalokho.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zinombolo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. Isilinganiso somhlaba wonke senyama emoshiwe sizungeze izilwane ezingu-2.4 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka, kodwa e-US, yizilwane ezingu-7.1 kumuntu ngamunye - cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum yi-India, lapho kuphela izilwane ezingu-0.4 umuntu ngamunye zimoshwa minyaka yonke.
Amanani Okufa Afihliwe Okucekelwa phansi Kwemvelo Kwemboni Yenyama
Izibalo zokufa ezingenhla zibala kuphela izilwane ezifuywayo noma ezibanjwe ngenhloso yokuthi zidliwe ngabantu. Kodwa imboni yenyama ithi ezinye izilwane eziningi ziphila ngezindlela ezingaqondile.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukufuywa kwezinkomo kuyimbangela yokuqala yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke , futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubulala inqwaba yezilwane ezazingakaze zihloselwe ukuba zibe ukudla kwasekuqaleni. E-Amazon kuphela, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-2 800 zisengozini yokushabalala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, njengoba ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kuqeda izindawo ezingokwemvelo ezihlala kuzo futhi kuziphuca izinsiza ezizidingayo ukuze ziphile.
Esinye isibonelo ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Umquba ophuma emapulazini emfuyo uvame ukuvuza emanzini aseduze, futhi lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi oholela ekufeni kwezilwane eziningi: Umquba uqukethe i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, kokubili okukhuthaza ukukhula kolwelwe; lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ekuqhumeni kwe-algal eyingozi , eqeda umoya-mpilo emanzini futhi ivale ama-gill ezinhlanzi, izibulale.
Konke lokhu kuyibanga elide lokusho ukuthi ukubulala isilwane esisodwa ukuze sidliwe ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi ezinye izilwane eziningi zife.
Umugqa Ophansi
Inani elimangalisayo lezilwane ezibulawelwa ukudla nsuku zonke, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile, liyisikhumbuzo esisangulukisayo sethonya isifiso sethu senyama esinawo emhlabeni osizungezile. Kusukela ezilwaneni ezihlatshwa emapulazini kuya ezilwaneni ezibulawa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okuqhutshwa ezolimo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamapulazi, inani lokufa elifunwa ukudla okusekelwe enyameni liphakeme kakhulu futhi lifinyelela kude kunalokho abantu abaningi abakuqaphelayo.
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ku-SeintMedia.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono yesisekelo Humane Foundation.
