Ukuqonda Umthetho Wezilwane: Ukuhlola Ukuvikelwa Kwezomthetho Namalungelo Ezilwane

Umthetho wezilwane wumkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi futhi othuthukayo ohlangana nezici ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yezomthetho ukubhekana namalungelo nokuvikelwa kwezilwane okungezona abantu. Le kholamu yanyanga zonke, elethwa kuwe yi-Animal Outlook, inhlangano ezinikele elwela izilwane ezinze e-Washington, DC, ihlose ukudalula ubunkimbinkimbi bomthetho wezilwane kubo bobabili abameli abangomakadebona kanye nabathandi bezilwane abanelukuluku. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wake wazibuza mayelana nokuba semthethweni kokuhlupheka kwezilwane, wangabaza ukuthi izilwane zinamalungelo yini, noma wacabangisisa ngokuthi umthetho ungawuqhubekisela phambili kanjani umnyakazo wokuvikela izilwane , le kholomu iklanyelwe ukunikeza ukucaca nesiqondiso.

Inyanga ngayinye, ithimba lezomthetho le-Animal Outlook lizocubungula imibuzo yakho, lihlole ukuthi imithetho yamanje izivikela kanjani izilwane, lihlonze izinguquko ezidingekayo zomthetho, futhi liphakamise izindlela ongabamba ngazo iqhaza kulesi sizathu esibalulekile. Uhambo lwethu luqala ngombuzo obalulekile: Uyini umthetho wezilwane? Le nkambu ebanzi ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezimisweni zezwe ezimelene nonya nezinqumo eziyingqophamlando zeNkantolo Ephakeme kuya ezenzweni zenhlangano efana ne-Animal Welfare Act kanye nokuvinjelwa kwendawo emikhubeni enobulwane njengokuthengisa i-foie gras. Nokho, umthetho wezilwane awugcini nje emithethweni ehloselwe ukuvikela izilwane; kuphinde kubandakanye amasu asha ezomthetho okuphoqelela imithetho ekhona, ukuphinda kwenziwe imithetho engahlobene ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane, futhi kuphushele uhlelo lwezobulungiswa ekuphathweni okuhle kwezilwane.

Ukuqonda umthetho wezilwane futhi kudinga ukubamba okuyisisekelo kwesistimu yezomthetho yase-US, ehlukaniswe ngamagatsha omthetho, aphezulu, namagatsha wokwahlulela, ngalinye lidala izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithetho. Le kholomu izonikeza inkomba yokuthi imithetho yesifunda neyezwe isebenzisana kanjani kanye nobunzima obuhilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.

Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sizulazula endaweni esemthethweni yokuvikelwa kwezilwane, sembula izinselele, futhi sithola izindlela zokuqhubekisela phambili le nhlangano ebalulekile yomphakathi.
**Isingeniso esithi “Understanding Animal Law”**

*Le kholomu yashicilelwa okokuqala yi-[VegNews](https://vegnews.com/vegan-news/animal-outlook-what-is-animal-law).*

Siyakwamukela esitolimendeni sokuqala sekholomu yezomthetho yanyanga zonke evela ku-Animal Outlook, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo izilwane ezinze e-Washington, DC. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uke wahlangabezana nezimo zokuhlupheka futhi wangabaza ukuba semthethweni kwazo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wacabanga ngemibuzo ebanzi efana nalena: Ingabe izilwane zinamalungelo? Ayini? Ingabe ⁢Inja yami ingathatha izinyathelo zomthetho uma ngikhohlwa isidlo sayo sakusihlwa? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, umthetho⁤ ungawuqhubekisela phambili kanjani umnyakazo wokuvikela izilwane ?

Le kholomu ihlose ukucacisa le mibuzo ngokunikeza imininingwane evela ethimbeni lezomthetho le-Animal Outlook. Inyanga ngayinye, sizophendula imibuzo yakho, sikukhanyisele ngokuthi umthetho uvikela kanjani izilwane, izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezi zivikelo, nokuthi unganikela kanjani kulesi sizathu.

Kule kholamu yokuqala, siqala ekuqaleni: Uyini umthetho wezilwane? Umthetho wezilwane uhlanganisa zonke iziphambano phakathi kwemithetho nezilwane okungezona abantu. Isukela kumithetho yezwe emelene nonya⁤ kuya ezinqumweni eziyingqophamlando zeNkantolo Ephakeme, kusukela kuzenzo zikahulumeni ezifana ne-Animal Welfare Act kuye ekuvinjweni kwendawo emikhubeni efana nokuthengisa i-foie gras. Nokho, umthetho wezilwane ⁢awukhawulelwe ezimisweni eziklanyelwe ngokusobala ukuvikela izilwane. Kuhlanganisa⁣ ukuxazulula izinkinga ngobuchule ukuze ⁢ukuphoqelele imithetho ekhona, ukuphinda kwenziwe imithetho engahloselwe ukuvikela izilwane, kanye nokuphushela uhlelo lwezobulungiswa ekuphathweni kwezilwane ngendlela elungile.

Ukuqonda umthetho wezilwane futhi kudinga ukubamba okuyisisekelo kwesistimu yezomthetho yase-US, ehlukaniswe ngamagatsha omthetho, aphezulu, kanye nezomthetho, ngalinye lidala izinhlobo ⁤zemithetho ehlukene. Le kholomu izophinde ihlinzeke ngesihloko kulolu hlelo, ichaza ukuthi imithetho yezwe kanye neyezwe isebenzisana kanjani kanye nobunzima obuhilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.

Hlanganyela nathi⁢ kulolu hambo njengoba sihlola ⁤indawo esemthethweni⁢yokuvikelwa kwezilwane, sembula ⁤izinselele, futhi sithola izindlela esingaqhubela ngazo le nhlangano ebalulekile yomphakathi phambili.

*Le kholomu yashicilelwa okokuqala yi- VegNews .

Siyakwamukela esitolimendeni sokuqala sekholomu yezomthetho yanyanga zonke evela ku-Animal Outlook, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo emelela izilwane ezinze e-Washington, DC. Uma ungummeli noma umthandi wezilwane wanoma yiluphi uhlobo, mhlawumbe uke wabheka ukuhlupheka kwezilwane futhi wazibuza: kusemthethweni kanjani lokhu? Noma, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazibuza ngokujwayelekile: ingabe izilwane zinamalungelo? Bayini? Uma nginikeza inja yami isidlo sayo sakusihlwa sekwephuzile, ingangimangalela? Futhi yini engenziwa umthetho ukuthuthukisa ukunyakaza kokuvikela izilwane?

Le kholomu ikunikeza ukufinyelela ethimbeni lezomthetho le-Animal Outlook. Uma unemibuzo ngomthetho wezilwane, sinezimpendulo. Futhi nyanga zonke, njengoba siphendula umbuzo wakho owodwa noma emibili ngaphezulu, sithemba ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi umthetho uvikela kanjani izilwane, ukuthi kufanele siwuguqule kanjani, nokuthi ungasiza kanjani.

Njengoba lena kuyikholomu yethu yokuqala, asiqale ekuqaleni.

Uyini umthetho wezilwane?

Umthetho wezilwane ulula futhi ubanzi ngendlela emangalisayo: yizo zonke iziphambano zemithetho nohlelo lwezomthetho olunezilwane ezingezona abantu. Kuwumthetho kaMaine wokulwa nonya. Kuyisinqumo salo nyaka seNkantolo Ephakeme esisekela ukuba semthethweni kwesinqumo sabavoti base-California sokwenqaba ukuba nengxenye esinyameni esithile semboni yonkana ngokunqabela ukuthengiswa kwengulube yezingulube onina ababevalelwe emabhokisini okumitha. Kungumthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane, umthetho wenhlangano enokuvikelwa okuthile kwezilwane ezisetshenziswa ekuzijabuliseni nasekucwaningeni. kweDolobha laseNew York ekuthengiseni i-foie gras (nayo njengamanje eboshelwe enkantolo). Isinqumo senkantolo yomndeni esinikeza ilungelo lokugcina isilwane esingumngane. Kuyimithetho enqatshelwe esizweni sonke yokuqamba amanga kubathengi ukuthi ibhokisi lamaqanda liphuma ezikhukwini ezijabule.

Futhi kungaphezu “kwemithetho yezilwane” yangempela, njengasemithethweni ehloselwe ukuvikela izilwane—ngoba ayanele kuleyo, futhi eminingi ayanele. Ngokwesibonelo, awukho umthetho wezwe ovikela izigidi zezigidi zezilwane imboni yezolimo ezizalayo kusukela ngosuku ezizalwa ngalo kuze kube usuku ezihlatshwa ngalo noma ezithunyelwa ngalo. Kunomthetho kazwelonke wokuvikela lezo zilwane uma zithutha, kodwa awukhahleli kuze kube yilapho sezihlale iloli amahora angu-28 ziqondile ngaphandle kokudla, amanzi, noma ukuphumula.

Ngisho nemithetho edala ukuvikelwa kwezilwane ivamise ukungabi namazinyo ngoba akwenele ukushayelwa umthetho—kufanele kube khona owuqinisayo. Ezingeni likahulumeni, iCongress yabeka uMnyango Wezolimo wase-US (i-USDA) ukuthi ulawule ukuphoqelela imithetho ye-federal efana ne-Animal Welfare Act, kodwa i-USDA idume ngokudebeselela izibopho zayo zokuphoqelela izilwane, futhi iCongress yenza ukuba kungenzeki komunye umuntu-njengaye. izinhlangano ezimela izilwane—ukuze siphoqelele imithetho ngokwethu.

Ngakho-ke, umthetho wezilwane usho ukuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela eqanjiwe: ukuthola izindlela zokusebenzisa imithetho esingavunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa, ukuthola imithetho eyayingahloselwe ukuvikela izilwane futhi izenze zivikele izilwane, futhi ekugcineni kuphoqe uhlelo lwethu lwezobulungiswa ukuthi lwenza okufanele.

Njengakho konke ukumela izilwane, umthetho wezilwane usho ukungayeki. Kusho ukuthola izindlela zokudala zokugqashula umhlabathi omusha kanye nokuletha umonakalo omkhulu wesistimu ngaphansi kobulungiswa. Kusho ukusebenzisa ulimi namandla omthetho ukuqhubekisela phambili ukunyakaza komphakathi okubalulekile.

Uhlelo lwezomthetho lwase-US

Kwesinye isikhathi isixazululo senkinga yomthetho wezilwane sidinga ukubuyela ezintweni eziyisisekelo, ngakho-ke sizonikeza ukuvuselela okuyisisekelo/kwesethulo ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwase-US.

Uhulumeni wobumbano uhlukaniswe ngamagatsha amathathu, ngalinye lakha uhlobo oluhlukile lomthetho. Njengegatsha lesishayamthetho, iCongress iphasisa imithetho. Imithetho eminingi enamagama—uMthetho Wamalungelo Okuvota noma Umthetho WaseMelika Abakhubazekile—iyimithetho.

Igatsha eliphezulu, eliholwa umongameli, liqukethe izikhungo zokuphatha, amakhomishana, namabhodi amaningi kunalokho esingakusho. Ezinye zazo zibaluleke kakhulu ezilwaneni, kuhlanganise ne-USDA kanye ne-Environmental Protection Agency. Imithetho evela egatsheni lesigungu esiphezulu iyimithethonqubo, eminingi yayo eveza incazelo nezimfuneko zemithetho.

Igatsha lezokwahlulela liwumbuso omise okwephiramidi, elinezinkantolo zesifunda, lapho amacala afakwa khona futhi amacala aqulwa, phansi; Izinkantolo Zokudlulisa Amacala zezifunda ngaphezu kwazo; kanye neNkantolo Ephakeme phezulu. Kukhona okungenani inkantolo yesifunda eyodwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Izinkantolo zikhipha izinqumo noma imibono, kodwa kuphela ngokuphendula amacala athile abantu abawafakile.

Manje phindaphinda lolo hlelo lokwahlulela ngo-51. Isifunda ngasinye (neSifunda sase-Columbia) sinohlelo lwaso lwamagatsha amaningi, futhi zonke lezo zinhlelo zimemezela ezazo izimiso, izimiso, nezinqumo. Zonke izishayamthetho zombuso ziphasise umthetho omelene nonya owenza unya ezilwaneni kube ubugebengu, futhi zonke lezo zimiso zihlukile kwezinye.

Kwenzekani uma imithetho yezinhlelo ezahlukene ishayisana kuwumbuzo onzima, kodwa ngokwezinjongo zethu, kwanele ukusho ukuthi uhulumeni wobumbano uyawina. Lokhu kusebenzisana kunemithelela eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi sizokucacisa ezinyangeni ezizayo—kanye nezinye izindaba eziningi zomthetho ezizokusiza ucabange njengabameli futhi uthuthukise umnyakazo wokuqeda ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane ngokuphelele.

Ungalandela amacala e-Animal Outlook ekhasini layo Lokumela Okusemthethweni . Unemibuzo? Thumela imibuzo yakho mayelana nomthetho wezilwane ku-@AnimalOutlook ku -Twitter noma ku-Facebook nge-hashtag ethi #askAO.

U-Jareb Gleckel, Ummeli Wabasebenzi be-AO, unesizinda sokuqulwa kwamacala ezentengiselwano futhi ushicilele kabanzi ngoMthetho Wezilwane, Inkantolo Ephakeme, nezinye izihloko.

U-Piper Hoffman, uMqondisi Omkhulu Wokumela Umthetho we-AO, wayenguzakwethu wangaphambili enkampanini elwela amalungelo abantu, ufundise i-Animal Law e-NYU Law School nase-Brooklyn Law School, futhi ufakwe njengomhlaziyi wezomthetho ku-TV, ama-podcasts, nokuphrinta futhi ku-inthanethi. izincwadi.

U-Cheryl Leahy, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-AO kanye nowayeyiPhini Likamongameli Omkhulu kanye Nomeluleki Jikelele, ufundise uMthetho Wezilwane e-UCLA Law School futhi washicilela kabanzi ngalesi sihloko.

I-Animal Outlook (“AO”) iyinhlangano engenzi nzuzo kazwelonke enomlando weminyaka engu-28 wokubekela inselele ibhizinisi lezilwane ngokumela umthetho, uphenyo oluyimfihlo, ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zezinkampani nokudla, nokusabalalisa ulwazi mayelana nokulimala okuningi kwezolimo zezilwane, inika wonke umuntu amandla okuzikhethela. i-vegan.

ISAZISO: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekuqale kushicilelwe ku-Animoutoung.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono ye Humane Foundation.