Health & Lifestyle FAQs
Puas yog nws noj qab nyob zoo los ua vegan?
Kev noj zaub mov zoo vegan yog ua raws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, legumes (pulses), tag nrho cov nplej, txiv ntoo, thiab noob. Thaum ua tau zoo:
Nws yog ib txwm muaj cov roj saturated tsawg, thiab tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol, cov tsiaj proteins, thiab cov tshuaj hormones uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiab qee yam qog noj ntshav.
Nws tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov khoom noj tseem ceeb uas xav tau nyob rau txhua theem ntawm lub neej - txij thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis rau menyuam mos, menyuam yaus, hluas, hluas, laus, thiab txawm rau cov kis las.
Cov koom haum noj zaub mov loj thoob ntiaj teb lees paub tias kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo vegan muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo mus ntev.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov sib npaug thiab ntau yam - noj ntau hom zaub mov cog thiab nco ntsoov cov as-ham xws li vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, hlau, omega-3, zinc, thiab iodine.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2025)
Txoj hauj lwm ntawv: Neeg tsis noj nqaij cov qauv rau cov neeg laus - Wang, Y. et al. (2023)
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv kev noj zaub mov cog thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntev - Viroli, G. et al. (2023)
Tshawb nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Nroj Tsuag
Tsis yog vegan heev dhau lawm?
Tsis yog kiag li. Yog tias kev ua siab zoo thiab tsis ua phem raug suav hais tias yog "qhov kawg," lo lus twg tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev tua ntau lab tus tsiaj txaus ntshai, kev puas tsuaj ntawm ecosystems, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv?
Veganism tsis yog hais txog kev ntxub ntxaug - nws yog hais txog kev xaiv uas ua raws li kev khuv leej, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev ncaj ncees. Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog yog qhov ua tau zoo, txhua hnub los txo kev txom nyem thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Nyob deb ntawm kev ua radical, nws yog ib qho kev xav thiab tib neeg cov lus teb rau kev nyuaj siab thoob ntiaj teb.
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo vegan rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv?
Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, tag nrho cov zaub mov vegan tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias kev noj zaub mov zoo li no tuaj yeem pab koj ua neej nyob ntev, noj qab haus huv lub neej thaum txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov mob hnyav xws li mob plawv, mob stroke, qee yam mob qog noj ntshav, rog rog, thiab ntshav qab zib hom 2.
Kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo vegan yog ib txwm nplua nuj nyob hauv fiber ntau, antioxidants, vitamins, thiab minerals, thaum tsis muaj roj cholesterol thiab cholesterol. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau muaj kev txhim kho cov hlab plawv, tswj kev hnyav dua, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev mob thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab.
Niaj hnub no, ntau tus kws paub txog zaub mov thiab cov kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv tau lees paub cov pov thawj tias kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom siv tsiaj yog cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv loj, thaum cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov as-ham tseem ceeb hauv txhua theem ntawm lub neej.
👉 Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tshawb fawb tom qab vegan noj thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv? Nyem qhov no mus nyeem ntxiv
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2025)
Position Paper: Vegetarian Dietary Patterns for Adults
https://www.jandonline.org/article/S2212-2672(25)00042-5/fulltext - Wang, Y., et al. (2023)
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv kev noj zaub mov cog thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntev
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2 - Melina, V., Craig, W., Levin, S. (2016)
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886704/
Qhov twg vegans tau txais lawv cov protein?
Ntau xyoo ntawm kev lag luam tau ntseeg peb tias peb pheej xav tau cov protein ntau ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv tsiaj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov opposite yog muaj tseeb.
Yog tias koj ua raws li kev noj zaub mov vegan thiab noj cov calories txaus, cov protein yuav tsis yog ib yam uas koj yuav tsum txhawj txog.
Qhov nruab nrab, cov txiv neej xav tau txog 55 grams protein txhua hnub thiab cov poj niam nyob ib ncig ntawm 45 grams. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li:
- Pulses: lentils, taum, chickpeas, peas, thiab soya
- Txiv ntseej thiab noob
- Whole grains: wholemeal bread, wholewheat pasta, brown rice
Txhawm rau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev xav, tsuas yog ib qho loj ntawm cov taum paj siav tuaj yeem muab txog li ib nrab ntawm koj cov kev xav tau protein ntau txhua hnub!
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb (USDA) - Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv 2020-2025
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov - Melina, V., Craig, W., Levin, S. (2016)
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886704/
Kuv puas yuav mob ntshav qab zib yog tias kuv tsis noj nqaij?
Tsis yog - muab nqaij tsis tau txhais hais tias koj yuav cia li ua anaemic. Kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo vegan tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov hlau koj lub cev xav tau.
Hlau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxhia uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nqa oxygen ncig lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab thiab myoglobin hauv cov leeg, thiab nws kuj yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov enzymes tseem ceeb thiab cov proteins uas ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm zoo.
Koj xav tau hlau npaum li cas?
Txiv neej (18+ xyoo): txog 8 mg ib hnub twg
Cov poj niam (19-50 xyoo): txog 14 mg ib hnub twg
Cov poj niam (50+ xyoo): txog 8.7 mg ib hnub twg
Cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam xav tau hlau ntau dua vim cov ntshav poob thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov uas muaj lub sij hawm hnyav yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus thiab qee zaum xav tau cov tshuaj ntxiv - tab sis qhov no siv rau txhua tus poj niam , tsis yog vegans xwb.
Koj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau txhua hnub los ntawm kev suav nrog ntau yam khoom noj uas muaj hlau nplua nuj, xws li:
Tag nrho cov nplej: quinoa, wholemeal pasta, wholemeal qhob cij
Cov khoom noj muaj zog: noj tshais cereals uas muaj hlau
Pulses: lentils, chickpeas, taum raum, taum ci, tempeh (fermented soybeans), tofu, peas
Noob: noob taub dag, sesame noob, tahini (sesame paste)
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav: apricots, figs, raisins
Seaweed: nori thiab lwm yam zaub mov noj hiav txwv
Tsaus nplooj ntsuab: kale, spinach, broccoli
Cov hlau hauv cov nroj tsuag (non-haem hlau) yog nqus tau zoo dua thaum noj nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj vitamin C. Piv txwv li:
Lentils nrog lws suav sauce
Tofu do-fry nrog broccoli thiab peppers
Oatmeal nrog strawberries los yog kiwi
Kev noj zaub mov zoo vegan tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov hlau uas koj lub cev xav tau thiab pab tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav qab zib. Qhov tseem ceeb yog suav nrog ntau yam khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag thiab sib xyaw nrog cov vitamin C los ua kom qhov nqus tau ntau tshaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Melina, V., Craig, W., Levin, S. (2016)
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886704/ - National Institutes of Health (NIH) — Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2024 hloov tshiab)
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-Consumer/ - Mariotti, F., Gardner, CD (2019)
Noj Protein thiab Amino Acids hauv Vegetarian Diets - Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31690027/
Noj nqaij ua rau mob qog noj ntshav?
Yog lawm, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev noj qee yam nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau faib cov nqaij ua tiav - xws li hnyuv ntxwm, nqaij npuas kib, nqaij npua, thiab salami - uas yog carcinogenic rau tib neeg (Pab 1), txhais tau tias muaj pov thawj muaj zog uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov nqaij liab xws li nqaij nyug, nqaij npuas, thiab yaj raug cais raws li tej zaum yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav (Pab 2A), txhais tau tias muaj qee cov pov thawj txuas nrog kev noj ntau rau kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog xav tias yuav nce ntxiv nrog cov nyiaj thiab zaus ntawm cov nqaij noj.
Cov laj thawj muaj peev xwm muaj xws li:
- Cov tshuaj tsim tawm thaum ua noj, xws li heterocyclic amines (HCAs) thiab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), uas tuaj yeem ua rau DNA puas.
- Nitrates thiab nitrites hauv cov nqaij ua tiav uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem hauv lub cev.
- Cov roj saturated muaj roj ntau hauv qee cov nqaij, uas cuam tshuam rau kev mob thiab lwm yam kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Hauv qhov sib piv, cov khoom noj uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom noj nroj tsuag - txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, nplej, legumes, txiv ntseej, thiab noob - muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li fiber ntau, antioxidants, thiab phytochemicals uas pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav.
👉 Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev sib txuas ntawm kev noj haus thiab mob qog noj ntshav? Nyem qhov no mus nyeem ntxiv
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2015)
Carcinogenicity of noj cov nqaij liab thiab ua tiav
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat - Bouvard, V., Loomis, D., Guyton, KZ, et al. (2015)
Carcinogenicity ntawm kev noj cov nqaij liab thiab ua tiav
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(15)00444-1/fulltext - World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR, 2018)
Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Khoom Noj, Lub Cev Ua Haujlwm, thiab Cancer: Kev Pom Zoo Thoob Ntiaj Teb
https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Summary-of-Third-Expert-Report-2018
Kev noj qab haus huv vegan puas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lossis rov qab cov kab mob ntev?
Yog lawm. Cov neeg uas ua raws li kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo-nplua nuj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, tag nrho cov nplej, legumes, txiv ntseej, thiab noob-feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv ntau yam mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm:
- Kev rog
- Mob plawv thiab mob stroke
- Mob ntshav qab zib hom 2
- Ntshav siab (hypertension)
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Qee hom mob qog noj ntshav
Qhov tseeb, cov pov thawj qhia tias kev noj zaub mov noj vegan tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog tiv thaiv tab sis kuj pab rov qab qee yam kab mob, txhim kho tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv, qib zog, thiab lub neej ntev.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- American Heart Association (AHA, 2023)
Plant-Based Diets Associated With a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, thiab All-Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle-Aged Adults
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1012161/ - American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2022)
Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/45/Supplement_1/S125/138915/Nutrition-Therapy-for-Adults-With-Diabetes-or - World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR, 2018)
Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Khoom Noj, Lub Cev Ua Haujlwm, thiab Cancer: Kev Pom Zoo Thoob Ntiaj Teb
https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Summary-of-Third-Expert-Report-2018 - Ornish, D., et al. (2018)
Kev hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej hnyav rau kev thim rov qab ntawm Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9863851/
Kuv puas yuav tau txais cov amino acids txaus ntawm kev noj zaub mov vegan?
Yog lawm. Kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo vegan tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov amino acids koj lub cev xav tau. Amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm cov protein, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob, kho, thiab saib xyuas tag nrho lub cev hlwb. Lawv muab faib ua ob hom: cov amino acids tseem ceeb, uas lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim thiab yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab cov amino acids tsis tseem ceeb, uas lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej. Cov neeg laus xav tau cuaj qhov tseem ceeb amino acids los ntawm lawv cov zaub mov, nrog rau kaum ob qhov tsis tseem ceeb uas tsim tawm.
Protein muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov zaub mov cog, thiab qee qhov zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- Legumes: lentils, taum, peas, chickpeas, soy khoom xws li tofu thiab tempeh
- Txiv ntseej thiab noob: almonds, walnuts, taub dag noob, chia noob
- Tag nrho cov nplej: quinoa, nplej xim av, oats, wholemeal qhob cij
Noj ntau hom zaub mov noj txhua hnub ua kom koj lub cev tau txais tag nrho cov amino acids tseem ceeb. Tsis tas yuav muab cov nroj tsuag sib txawv ntawm txhua pluas noj, vim tias lub cev tswj hwm cov amino acid 'pool' uas khaws cia thiab sib npaug ntawm ntau hom koj noj.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov protein ntau tshwm sim hauv ntau pluas noj - piv txwv li, taum ntawm toast. Taum yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lysine tab sis tsawg hauv methionine, thaum lub khob cij yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv methionine tab sis tsawg hauv lysine. Noj lawv ua ke muab tag nrho cov amino acid profile-txawm tias koj noj lawv nyias thaum nruab hnub, koj lub cev tseem tuaj yeem tau txais txhua yam nws xav tau.
- Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Healthline (2020)
Vegan Complete Proteins: 13 Plant-Based Options
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/complete-protein-for-vegans - Cleveland Clinic (2021)
Amino Acid: Cov txiaj ntsig & Khoom noj khoom haus
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22243-amino-acids - Verywell Health (2022)
Cov Protein Tsis tiav: Cov Khoom Noj Tseem Ceeb lossis Tsis Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab?
https://www.verywellhealth.com/incomplete-protein-8612939 - Verywell Health (2022)
Cov Protein Tsis tiav: Cov Khoom Noj Tseem Ceeb lossis Tsis Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab?
https://www.verywellhealth.com/incomplete-protein-8612939
Cov vegans puas yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog kev tau txais cov vitamin B12 txaus?
Vitamin B12 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv:
- Tswj cov paj hlwb kom noj qab nyob zoo
- Txhawb kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab (ua ke nrog folic acid)
- Boosting tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm
- Txhawb kev xav thiab kev paub txog kev noj qab haus huv
Cov vegans yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua ntawm B12, vim tias cov zaub mov cog tsis muaj qhov txaus. Cov kws tshaj lij cov lus pom zoo kawg no qhia 50 micrograms txhua hnub lossis 2,000 micrograms txhua lub lim tiam.
Vitamin B12 yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv av thiab dej. Keeb kwm, tib neeg thiab cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb tau txais nws los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob sib kis. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom noj niaj hnub no tau ua kom huv heev, txhais tau tias cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv lawm.
Cov tsiaj txhu muaj B12 nkaus xwb vim tias cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb tau ntxiv, yog li kev cia siab rau nqaij los yog mis nyuj tsis tsim nyog. Vegans tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau B12 los ntawm:
- Noj B12 ntxiv tsis tu ncua
- Noj cov zaub mov B12-fortified xws li cog cov mis nyuj, noj tshais cereals, thiab zaub mov poov xab
Nrog rau kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, B12 tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau yooj yim thiab tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- National Institutes of Health - Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. (2025). Vitamin B₁₂ Fact Sheet rau cov kws kho mob. US Department of Health & Human Services.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/ - Niklewicz, Agnieszka, Pawlak, Rachel, Płudowski, Paweł, et al. (2022). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm vitamin B₁₂ rau cov tib neeg xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog. Nutrients, 14(7), 1389.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10030528/ - Niklewicz, Agnieszka, Pawlak, Rachel, Płudowski, Paweł, et al. (2022). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm vitamin B₁₂ rau cov tib neeg xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog. Nutrients, 14(7), 1389.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10030528/ - Hannibal, Luciana, Warren, Martin J., Owen, P. Julian, et al. (2023). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamin B₁₂ rau cov tib neeg xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog. European Journal of Nutrition.
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/files/114592881/s00394_022_03025_4.pdf - Lub koom haum Vegan. (2025). Cov vitamin B tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tau txais los ntawm Vegan Society.
https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/nutrients/vitamin-b12
Cov mis nyuj puas tsim nyog kom tau txais calcium txaus ntawm kev noj zaub mov?
Tsis yog, mis nyuj tsis tas yuav ua kom tau raws li koj qhov kev xav tau calcium. Kev noj zaub mov ntau yam, tuaj yeem yooj yim muab tag nrho cov calcium uas koj lub cev xav tau. Qhov tseeb, ntau dua 70% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem yog lactose intolerant, txhais tau tias lawv zom tsis tau cov suab thaj hauv nyuj cov mis nyuj - qhia meej tias tib neeg tsis xav tau cov khoom noj mis nyuj rau cov pob txha noj qab haus huv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev zom cov nyuj cov kua mis tsim cov kua qaub hauv lub cev. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kua qaub no, lub cev siv cov calcium phosphate tsis, uas feem ntau rub cov calcium los ntawm cov pob txha. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txo qis bioavailability ntawm calcium nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev ntseeg.
Calcium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau tshaj li cov pob txha - 99% ntawm lub cev calcium khaws cia hauv cov pob txha, tab sis nws kuj tseem ceeb rau:
Cov leeg ua haujlwm
Cov hlab ntsha kis tau tus mob
Cellular signaling
Kev tsim tshuaj hormones
Calcium ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum koj lub cev tseem muaj vitamin D txaus, vim vitamin D tsis txaus tuaj yeem txwv kev nqus calcium, txawm tias koj noj calcium ntau npaum li cas.
Cov neeg laus feem ntau xav tau 700 mg ntawm calcium ib hnub twg. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li:
Tofu (ua nrog calcium sulphate)
Sesame noob thiab tahini
Almonds
Kale thiab lwm cov nplooj ntsuab tsaus
Fortified cog-raws li mis nyuj thiab noj tshais cereals
Qhuav figs
Tempeh (fermented soybeans)
Wholemeal qhob cij
Ci taum
Butternut squash thiab txiv kab ntxwv
Nrog rau kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo vegan, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov pob txha muaj zog thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho yam tsis muaj mis nyuj.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Bickelmann, Franziska V.; Leitzmann, Michael F.; Keller, Markus; Baurecht, Hansjörg; Jochem, Carmen. (2022). Kev noj cov calcium nyob rau hauv vegan thiab neeg tsis noj nqaij noj: Ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas thiab Meta-analysis. Kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb hauv Food Science thiab Nutrition.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38054787 - Muas, M.; ua al. (2024). Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv calcium uas bioaccessible hauv 25 cov khoom siv cog. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Tag Nrho Ib puag ncig.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996923013431 - Torfadóttir, Jóhanna E.; ua al. (2023). Calcium - ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas rau Nordic Nutrition. Kev Tshawb Fawb Khoom Noj & Khoom Noj.
https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/10303 - VeganHealth.org (Jack Norris, Registered Dietitian). Calcium pom zoo rau vegans.
https://veganhealth.org/calcium-part-2/ - Wikipedia – Vegan noj zaub mov (Calcium section). (2025). Khoom noj khoom haus Vegan - Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegan_nutrition
Yuav ua li cas cov neeg ua raws li kev noj zaub mov uas muaj iodine txaus?
Iodine yog ib qho tseem ceeb minerals uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Nws yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov thyroid hormones, uas tswj koj lub cev siv lub zog, txhawb cov metabolism, thiab tswj ntau lub cev ua haujlwm. Iodine kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab kev txawj ntse hauv cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus. Cov neeg laus feem ntau xav tau txog 140 micrograms ntawm iodine ib hnub. Nrog rau kev npaj kom zoo, ntau yam kev noj zaub mov zoo, cov neeg feem coob tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau iodine ib txwm muaj.
Cov nroj tsuag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm iodine muaj xws li:
- Seaweed: arame, wakame, thiab nori yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv rau cov kua zaub, stews, zaub nyoos, lossis do-fries. Seaweed muab ib qho chaw ntawm iodine, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv moderation. Tsis txhob kelp, vim nws yuav muaj cov iodine siab heev, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov thyroid ua haujlwm.
- Iodised ntsev, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha thiab yooj yim los xyuas kom txaus iodine kom txaus txhua hnub.
Lwm cov khoom noj cog kuj tuaj yeem muab iodine, tab sis tus nqi sib txawv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus iodine ntawm cov av uas lawv loj hlob. Cov no suav nrog:
- Tag nrho cov nplej xws li quinoa, oats, thiab cov khoom lag luam nplej tag nrho
- Zaub xws li taum ntsuab, courgettes, kale, caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntsuab, watercress
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li strawberries
- Organic qos yaj ywm nrog lawv cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo
Rau cov neeg feem coob ua raws li kev noj zaub mov noj, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm iodine ntsev, ntau yam zaub, thiab qee zaum seaweed txaus los tswj cov qib iodine noj qab haus huv. Ua kom muaj kev txaus iodine txaus txhawb cov thyroid ua haujlwm, qib zog, thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum npaj cov zaub mov noj.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Nicol, Katie et al. (2024). Iodine thiab Plant-Based Noj Zaub Mov: Kev piav qhia thiab suav cov ntsiab lus iodine. British Journal of Nutrition, 131(2), 265–275.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622183/ - Vegan Society (2025). Iodine.
https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/nutrients/iodine - NIH - Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2024). Iodine Fact Sheet rau cov neeg siv khoom.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/ - Frontiers hauv Endocrinology (2025). Kev Sib Tw Niaj Hnub Nyoog ntawm Iodine Nutrition: Vegan thiab… los ntawm L. Croce li al.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1537208/full
Kuv puas yuav tsum tau noj cov ntses oily kom tau txais cov roj omega-3 txaus ntawm cov zaub mov noj?
Tsis yog. Koj tsis tas yuav noj ntses kom tau cov roj omega-3 uas koj lub cev xav tau. Kev npaj kom zoo, kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov rog zoo uas tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv zoo. Omega-3 fatty acids yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub hlwb kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm, tswj lub paj hlwb noj qab haus huv, txhawb cov cell membranes, tswj cov ntshav siab, thiab pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub cev cov lus teb.
Lub ntsiab omega-3 rog hauv cov zaub mov cog yog alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Lub cev tuaj yeem hloov ALA rau hauv cov saw ntev omega-3s, EPA thiab DHA, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntses. Txawm hais tias qhov hloov pauv tus nqi qis dua, kev noj ntau yam khoom noj ALA-nplua nuj ua kom koj lub cev tau txais cov roj tseem ceeb txaus.
Cov chaw cog qoob loo zoo heev ntawm ALA suav nrog:
- Av flaxseed thiab flaxseed roj
- Chia noob
- Hemp noob
- Soybean roj
- Rapeseed (canola) roj
- Walnuts
Nws yog ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas ntses yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais omega-3s. Hauv kev muaj tiag, ntses tsis tsim omega-3s lawv tus kheej; lawv tau txais lawv los ntawm kev noj algae hauv lawv cov zaub mov. Rau cov neeg uas xav kom lawv tau txais EPA txaus thiab DHA ncaj qha, cov tshuaj algae cog muaj. Tsis tsuas yog cov tshuaj ntxiv, tab sis kuj tseem tag nrho cov khoom noj algae xws li spirulina, chlorella, thiab klamath tuaj yeem noj rau DHA. Cov peev txheej no muab cov khoom ncaj nraim ntawm cov saw ntev omega-3s haum rau txhua tus neeg ua raws li kev ua neej nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom noj sib txawv nrog cov peev txheej no, cov tib neeg ntawm kev noj zaub mov muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau omega-3 yam tsis tau noj cov ntses.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- British Dietetic Association (BDA) (2024). Omega-3s thiab Health.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/omega-3.html - Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health (2024). Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Ib qho tseem ceeb pab.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3-fats/ - Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health (2024). Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Ib qho tseem ceeb pab.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/omega-3-fats/ - National Institutes of Health - Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2024). Omega-3 Fatty Acids Fact Sheet rau cov neeg siv khoom.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer/
Puas yog cov neeg noj zaub mov uas muaj cov nroj tsuag xav tau kev pab ntxiv?
Yog lawm, qee cov tshuaj ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg ua raws li kev noj zaub mov noj, tab sis feem ntau cov as-ham tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov txawv.
Vitamin B12 yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntxiv rau cov tib neeg ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo. Txhua leej txhua tus xav tau qhov chaw ntseeg tau ntawm B12, thiab kev cia siab rau cov khoom noj muaj zog yuav tsis txaus. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo 50 micrograms txhua hnub lossis 2,000 micrograms txhua lub lim tiam.
Vitamin D yog lwm cov khoom noj uas yuav xav tau kev pab ntxiv, txawm tias nyob hauv tshav ntuj lub teb chaws xws li Uganda. Vitamin D yog tsim los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thaum raug tshav ntuj, tab sis ntau tus neeg - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus - tsis tau txaus. Cov koob tshuaj pom zoo yog 10 micrograms (400 IU) txhua hnub.
Rau tag nrho lwm cov as-ham, kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo yuav tsum txaus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj xws li cov khoom noj uas ib txwm muab omega-3 rog (xws li walnuts, flaxseed, thiab chia noob), iodine (los ntawm seaweed los yog iodised ntsev), thiab zinc (los ntawm cov noob taub dag, legumes, thiab tag nrho cov nplej). Cov as-ham no tseem ceeb rau txhua tus, tsis hais txog kev noj zaub mov, tab sis kev saib xyuas rau lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua raws li kev ua neej raws li cov nroj tsuag.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- British Dietetic Association (BDA) (2024). Plant-based noj zaub mov.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html - National Institutes of Health - Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2024). Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet rau cov neeg siv khoom.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/ - NHS UK (2024). Vitamin D.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d/
Puas yog kev noj zaub mov uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub?
Yog lawm, kev xav txog kev npaj noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev xeeb tub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj lub cev cov zaub mov xav tau nce ntxiv los txhawb koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab koj tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muab yuav luag txhua yam uas xav tau thaum xaiv ua tib zoo.
Cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau kev tsom mus rau suav nrog cov vitamin B12 thiab vitamin D, uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab tau los ntawm cov zaub mov cog ib leeg thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Protein, hlau, thiab calcium kuj tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm leej niam, thaum iodine, zinc, thiab omega-3 fats txhawb lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb.
Folate yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cev xeeb tub. Nws pab tsim cov hlab ntsha neural, uas txhim kho rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum, thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes. Txhua tus poj niam npaj cev xeeb tub raug qhia kom noj 400 micrograms ntawm folic acid txhua hnub ua ntej xeeb tub thiab thaum thawj 12 lub lis piam.
Ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv qee cov khoom tsiaj, xws li cov hlau hnyav, cov tshuaj hormones, thiab qee cov kab mob. Los ntawm kev noj ntau yam legumes, txiv ntseej, noob, tag nrho cov nplej, zaub, thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj zog, thiab noj cov tshuaj uas pom zoo, cov zaub mov uas muaj cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau niam thiab menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- British Dietetic Association (BDA) (2024). Kev xeeb tub thiab kev noj haus.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/pregnancy-diet.html - National Health Service (NHS UK) (2024). Neeg tsis noj nqaij los yog vegan thiab cev xeeb tub.
https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/vegetarian-or-vegan-and-pregnant/ - American College of Obstetricians thiab Gynecologists (ACOG) (2023). Khoom noj khoom haus Thaum cev xeeb tub.
https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy - Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2023). Vegan thiab Neeg tsis noj nqaij noj.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37450568/ - World Health Organization (WHO) (2023). Micronutrients Thaum cev xeeb tub.
https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/micronutrients-pregnancy
Cov menyuam puas tuaj yeem loj hlob noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag?
Yog lawm, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev npaj ua tib zoo npaj zaub mov noj. Me nyuam yaus yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab kev loj hlob, yog li kev noj haus yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov as-ham tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov rog noj qab haus huv, cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau, cov carbohydrates nyuaj, cov vitamins, thiab cov zaub mov.
Qhov tseeb, cov menyuam yaus tom qab noj zaub mov zoo feem ntau haus cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab cov nplej tag nrho ntau dua li lawv cov phooj ywg, uas pab ua kom muaj fiber ntau, vitamins, thiab minerals tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev.
Qee cov as-ham yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb: vitamin B12 yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov vitamin D ntxiv yog pom zoo rau txhua tus menyuam yaus, tsis hais txog kev noj zaub mov. Lwm cov as-ham, xws li hlau, calcium, iodine, zinc, thiab omega-3 fats, tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ntau yam khoom noj cog, cov khoom muaj zog, thiab kev npaj pluas noj.
Nrog cov kev taw qhia kom raug thiab kev noj zaub mov txawv, cov menyuam yaus ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo, loj hlob ib txwm muaj, thiab txaus siab rau txhua yam txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo, tsom rau kev ua neej nyob.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- British Dietetic Association (BDA) (2024). Cov Me Nyuam Noj Zaub Mov: Neeg tsis noj nqaij thiab Vegan.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html - Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2021, rov lees paub 2023). Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Vegetarian Diets.
https://www.eatrightpro.org/news-center/research-briefs/new-position-paper-on-vegetarian-and-vegan-diets - Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2023). Plant-based Diets rau menyuam yaus.
hsph.harvard.edu/topic/food-nutrition-diet/ - American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (2023). Plant-Based Diets nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Plant-Based-Diets.aspx
Puas yog kev noj zaub mov zoo rau cov neeg ncaws pob?
kiag li. Cov neeg ncaws pob tsis tas yuav haus cov khoom tsiaj los tsim cov leeg nqaij lossis ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv yog nyob ntawm kev cob qhia, cov protein txaus, thiab kev noj zaub mov tag nrho - tsis noj nqaij. Kev noj zaub mov zoo cog qoob loo muab tag nrho cov as-ham uas xav tau rau lub zog, kev ua siab ntev, thiab rov qab los.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov carbohydrates yooj yim rau kev noj qab haus huv, muaj ntau yam zaub mov muaj protein ntau, cov vitamins thiab minerals tseem ceeb, antioxidants, thiab fiber ntau. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua muaj roj saturated thiab tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol, ob qho tib si txuas rau kab mob plawv, rog rog, ntshav qab zib, thiab qee yam mob qog noj ntshav.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ncaws pob ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo yog kev rov qab sai dua. Cov zaub mov cog muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv antioxidants, uas pab neutralize dawb radicals - tsis ruaj tsis khov molecules uas yuav ua rau cov nqaij ntshiv, tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab qeeb rov qab. Los ntawm kev txo cov kev ntxhov siab oxidative, cov neeg ncaws pob tuaj yeem cob qhia ntau dua thiab rov zoo dua.
Cov kws ncaws pob kws tshaj lij thoob plaws kev ua kis las tau nce xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog. Txawm tias bodybuilders tuaj yeem vam khom rau cov nroj tsuag ib leeg los ntawm kev suav nrog ntau hom protein ntau xws li legumes, taum paj, tempeh, seitan, txiv ntseej, noob, thiab tag nrho cov nplej. Txij li thaum xyoo 2019 Netflix documentary The Game Changers, kev paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus cog qoob loo hauv kev ua si tau loj hlob, qhia tias cov neeg ncaws pob vegan tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv lossis lub zog.
👉 Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo rau cov neeg ncaws pob? Nyem qhov no mus nyeem ntxiv
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2021, rov lees paub 2023). Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Vegetarian Diets.
https://www.eatrightpro.org/news-center/research-briefs/new-position-paper-on-vegetarian-and-vegan-diets - International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) (2017). Txoj Haujlwm Sawv Cev: Neeg tsis noj nqaij noj hauv kev ua si thiab qoj ib ce.
https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 - American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (2022). Khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev ua kis las.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26891166/ - Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (2023). Plant-based noj zaub mov thiab kev ua si kis las.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11635497/ - British Dietetic Association (BDA) (2024). Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Ua Si thiab Vegan Diets.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html
Cov txiv neej puas muaj kev nyab xeeb noj soya?
Yog lawm, cov txiv neej tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb suav nrog cov kua mis hauv lawv cov zaub mov.
Soy muaj cov nroj tsuag ntuj hu ua phytoestrogens, tshwj xeeb yog isoflavones zoo li genistein thiab daidzein. Cov tshuaj no yog cov qauv zoo ib yam li tib neeg cov tshuaj estrogen tab sis tsis muaj zog hauv lawv cov teebmeem. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam dav dav tau pom tias tsis yog cov khoom noj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis cov tshuaj isoflavone cuam tshuam rau cov qib testosterone, qib estrogen, lossis cuam tshuam rau txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones.
Qhov kev xav tsis zoo txog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo cuam tshuam rau txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones tau debunked ntau xyoo dhau los. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom noj siv mis muaj ntau txhiab zaus ntau dua estrogen dua li cov kua mis, uas muaj phytoestrogen uas tsis "tshaj" nrog tsiaj. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv Fertility thiab Sterility pom tau hais tias soybean isoflavone raug tsis muaj feminizing cuam tshuam rau txiv neej.
Soy tseem yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muab cov protein ua tiav nrog txhua yam tseem ceeb amino acids, cov rog noj qab haus huv, cov zaub mov zoo li calcium thiab hlau, vitamins B, thiab antioxidants. Kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem pab txhawb lub plawv noj qab haus huv, txo cov roj cholesterol, thiab pab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Hamilton-Reeves JM, et al. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam pom tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua protein lossis isoflavones ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov txiv neej: cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam meta. Fertil Steril. 2010; 94(3): 997-1007. https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(09)00966-2/fulltext
- Healthline. Yog Soy Zoo los yog phem rau koj? https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/soy-protein-good-or-bad
Puas yog txhua tus tuaj yeem ua cov nroj tsuag, txawm tias lawv muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv?
Yog lawm, cov neeg feem coob tuaj yeem txais kev noj zaub mov zoo, txawm tias lawv muaj qee yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau xav txog kev npaj thiab, qee zaum, kev taw qhia los ntawm kws kho mob.
Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov khoom noj tseem ceeb - protein, fiber, rog, vitamins, thiab minerals - xav tau kev noj qab haus huv. Rau cov tib neeg uas muaj mob xws li ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab, lossis kab mob plawv, hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv, xws li kev tswj ntshav qab zib kom zoo, txhim kho lub plawv, thiab tswj qhov hnyav.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj cov khoom noj tsis txaus, plab zom mov, lossis mob ntev yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob sau npe kom paub tseeb tias lawv tau txais cov vitamin B12, vitamin D, hlau, calcium, iodine, thiab omega-3 fats txaus. Nrog kev npaj ua tib zoo, kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb, noj qab haus huv, thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho rau yuav luag txhua tus.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. Neeg tsis noj nqaij noj.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/becoming-a-vegetarian - Barnard ND, Levin SM, Trapp CB. Kev noj zaub mov cog rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj ntshav qab zib.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5466941/ - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29496410/
Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev noj zaub mov raws li cog?
Tej zaum ib lo lus nug tseem ceeb dua yog: Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj nqaij? Kev noj zaub mov zoo hauv cov khoom tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntev xws li mob plawv, mob stroke, mob qog noj ntshav, rog rog, thiab ntshav qab zib.
Txawm hais tias koj ua raws li hom kev noj haus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais tag nrho cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb tias ntau tus neeg siv cov tshuaj ntxiv qhia txog qhov nyuaj npaum li cas nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li txhua yam kev xav tau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov ib leeg.
Kev noj zaub mov tag nrho cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau, feem ntau cov vitamins thiab minerals, micronutrients, thiab phytonutrients - feem ntau ntau dua li lwm cov khoom noj. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov as-ham xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv, suav nrog vitamin B12 thiab omega-3 fatty acids, thiab tsawg dua, hlau thiab calcium. Kev noj cov protein tsis tshua muaj kev txhawj xeeb yog tias koj noj calories txaus.
Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj cog qoob loo, vitamin B12 tsuas yog cov khoom noj uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv, los ntawm cov khoom noj muaj zog lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- National Institutes of Health
Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29496410/ - Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. Neeg tsis noj nqaij noj.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/becoming-a-vegetarian
Cov khoom noj vegan zoo li kim dua li cov kev xaiv tsis yog vegan. Kuv tuaj yeem them taus mus vegan?
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qee cov khoom tshwj xeeb vegan, xws li cog cov burgers lossis lwm cov khoom noj siv mis, tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua li lawv cov khoom sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tsis yog koj cov kev xaiv nkaus xwb. Kev noj zaub mov vegan tuaj yeem pheej yig heev thaum ua raws li cov khoom noj xws li mov, taum, lentils, pasta, qos yaj ywm, thiab taum paj, uas feem ntau pheej yig dua nqaij thiab mis nyuj. Ua noj hauv tsev es tsis txhob cia siab rau cov zaub mov npaj ntxiv txo cov nqi, thiab kev yuav khoom ntau tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txiav tawm cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis tso tawm nyiaj uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab lwm yam khoom noj qab haus huv. Xav tias nws yog kev nqis peev hauv koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv: kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam mob ntev, uas tuaj yeem txuag koj ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab nyiaj hauv kev kho mob lub sijhawm.
Kuv yuav ua li cas nrog cov lus teb tsis zoo los ntawm tsev neeg noj nqaij thiab phooj ywg?
Kev siv txoj kev ua neej raws li cog qoob loo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam nrog tsev neeg lossis cov phooj ywg uas tsis koom nrog kev xav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim feem ntau los ntawm kev xav tsis zoo, kev tiv thaiv, lossis kev tsis paub yooj yim - tsis yog los ntawm kev ua phem. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev los taw qhia cov xwm txheej no tsim kho:
Ua piv txwv.
Qhia tias kev noj cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muaj kev lom zem, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab ua tiav. Sib koom cov pluas noj qab los yog caw cov neeg hlub los sim cov zaub mov tshiab feem ntau yog kev ntxias ntau dua li kev sib cav.Nyob twj ywm thiab hwm.
Kev sib cav tsis tshua hloov siab. Teb nrog kev ua siab ntev thiab ua siab zoo pab kom muaj kev sib tham qhib thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab.Xaiv koj cov kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Tsis yog txhua cov lus xav tau teb. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov lus hais mus thiab tsom mus rau kev sib cuam tshuam zoo dua li tsis tig txhua pluas mov mus rau hauv kev sib cav.Qhia tawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum tsim nyog.
Yog tias ib tug neeg xav paub tiag tiag, muab cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, ib puag ncig, lossis kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua neej nyob. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam lawv nrog qhov tseeb tshwj tsis yog lawv nug.lees paub lawv qhov kev xav.
Kev hwm tias lwm tus yuav muaj kev coj noj coj ua, tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej, lossis kev xav sib txuas nrog zaub mov. To taub qhov lawv tuaj ntawm qhov twg tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib tham muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua.Nrhiav cov zej zog txhawb nqa.
Txuas nrog cov neeg muaj siab nyiam-online lossis offline-uas qhia koj cov txiaj ntsig. Muaj kev txhawb nqa ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev ntseeg siab hauv koj cov kev xaiv.Nco ntsoov koj "vim li cas."
Txawm hais tias koj qhov kev txhawb siab yog kev noj qab haus huv, ib puag ncig, lossis tsiaj, ua rau koj tus kheej hauv koj qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj zog los daws kev thuam zoo.
Thaum kawg, kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis zoo yog tsawg dua rau kev ntxias lwm tus thiab ntau ntxiv txog kev tswj hwm koj tus kheej kev thaj yeeb, kev ncaj ncees, thiab kev khuv leej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau tus neeg tau txais kev lees paub ntau dua thaum lawv pom qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau koj txoj kev ua neej rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo siab.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem noj zaub mov hauv khw?
Yog - koj tuaj yeem noj tau tawm thaum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov noj. Kev noj mov tawm tau yooj yim dua li cov khw noj mov muaj ntau yam kev xaiv vegan, tab sis txawm nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj npe xaiv, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nrhiav lossis thov qee yam tsim nyog. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia:
Saib rau qhov chaw vegan-phooj ywg.
Ntau lub tsev noj mov tam sim no qhia txog cov tais diav vegan ntawm lawv cov zaub mov, thiab tag nrho cov saw thiab cov chaw hauv zos tau ntxiv cov kev xaiv cog qoob loo.Tshawb xyuas cov ntawv qhia zaub mov hauv online ua ntej.
Cov khw noj mov feem ntau tshaj tawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov hauv online, yog li koj tuaj yeem npaj ua ntej thiab pom dab tsi muaj lossis xav txog kev hloov pauv yooj yim.Nug kom zoo rau kev hloov kho.
Cov kws ua zaub mov feem ntau txaus siab los pauv cov nqaij, cheese, los yog butter rau lwm cov nroj tsuag los yog tsuas yog tawm ntawm lawv.Tshawb nrhiav thoob ntiaj teb cuisines.
Ntau lub ntiaj teb cuisines ib txwm muaj xws li cov zaub mov raws li cog-zoo li Mediterranean falafel thiab hummus, Indian curries thiab dals, Mexican taum-based tais diav, Middle Eastern lentil stews, Thai zaub curries, thiab ntau dua.Tsis txhob ntshai hu ua ntej.
Kev hu xov tooj ceev tuaj yeem pab koj paub meej tias cov kev xaiv vegan-phooj ywg thiab ua rau koj qhov kev noj mov smoother.Qhia koj li kev paub.
Yog tias koj pom qhov kev xaiv vegan zoo, qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm paub tias koj txaus siab rau nws - cov tsev noj mov yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum cov neeg siv khoom thov thiab txaus siab rau cov zaub mov noj.
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis yog hais txog kev txwv - nws yog lub sijhawm los sim cov khoom noj tshiab, nrhiav cov zaub mov muaj tswv yim, thiab qhia cov khw noj mov tias muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev hlub tshua, noj qab nyob zoo.
Kuv yuav ua li cas thaum cov phooj ywg lom zem ntawm kuv txoj kev ua neej vegan?
Nws tuaj yeem hnov mob thaum tib neeg tso dag txog koj cov kev xaiv, tab sis nco ntsoov tias kev thuam ntau zaus los ntawm kev tsis xis nyob lossis tsis nkag siab - tsis yog los ntawm qhov tsis zoo rau koj. Koj txoj kev ua neej yog ua raws li kev khuv leej, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev ruaj ntseg, thiab qhov ntawd yog ib yam uas yuav tsum txaus siab rau.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob twj ywm thiab tsis txhob hnov qab tiv thaiv. Qee zaum, cov lus teb tsis zoo los yog hloov cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov xwm txheej. Lwm lub sij hawm, nws yuav pab tau piav qhia—tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm—vim li cas kev ua vegan tseem ceeb rau koj. Yog tias ib tug neeg xav paub tiag tiag, qhia cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias lawv tsuas yog sim ua kom koj npau taws, nws zoo kawg nkaus kom tshem tawm.
Nyob ib puag ncig koj tus kheej nrog cov neeg txhawb nqa uas hwm koj cov kev xaiv, txawm tias lawv qhia lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj txoj kev ua siab zoo thiab kev ua siab zoo yuav hais ntau dua li cov lus, thiab ntau tus neeg uas ib zaug tso dag tuaj yeem qhib rau kev kawm los ntawm koj.
Planet and People FAQs
Dab tsi yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev noj cov mis nyuj?
Ntau tus neeg tsis paub tias kev lag luam khoom noj siv mis thiab kev lag luam nqaij muaj kev sib cuam tshuam - qhov tseem ceeb, lawv yog ob sab ntawm tib lub npib. nyuj tsis tsim mis nyuj mus ib txhis; thaum lawv cov mis nyuj ntau lawm, lawv feem ntau yog slaughtered rau nqaij nyuj. Ib yam li ntawd, txiv neej cov nyuj yug los rau hauv kev lag luam mis nyuj feem ntau suav hais tias yog "cov khoom pov tseg" vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov mis nyuj, thiab ntau tus raug tua rau nqaij nyuj lossis nqaij nyuj. Yog li, los ntawm kev yuav khoom noj siv mis, cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem txhawb nqa kev lag luam nqaij.
Los ntawm ib puag ncig kev xav, kev tsim khoom noj mis nyuj yog cov khoom siv ntau heev. Nws yuav tsum muaj ntau thaj av rau kev cog qoob loo thiab cog tsiaj pub, nrog rau cov dej ntau heev - ntau tshaj qhov xav tau los tsim cov khoom siv cog qoob loo. Methane emissions los ntawm nyuj nyuj kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua, ua rau cov khoom noj mis nyuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tso pa tawm hauv tsev cog khoom.
Tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ncaj ncees. Cov nyuj tau rov ua dua tshiab kom cov kua mis tawm mus, thiab cov menyuam nyuj raug cais tawm ntawm lawv niam sai sai tom qab yug me nyuam, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab rau ob leeg. Ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis paub txog lub voj voog ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv mis nyuj no.
Muab qhov yooj yim: kev txhawb nqa mis nyuj txhais tau tias txhawb kev lag luam nqaij, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tsiaj - tag nrho thaum muaj kev noj qab haus huv, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam kev cog qoob loo uas yooj yim muaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2006). Tsiaj's Ntev Duab Ntxoo: Ib puag ncig teeb meem thiab kev xaiv. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/4/a0701e/a0701e00.htm - United Nations Environment Programme. (2019). Khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev hloov pauv huab cua: Noj qab nyob zoo rau lub ntiaj teb noj qab haus huv. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food - Academy ntawm Nutrition thiab Dietetics. (2016). Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. Phau ntawv Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(12), 1970–1980.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27886704/
Puas yog cov kua mis cog tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig?
Tau qhov twg los
: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46654042
Tsis yog. Txawm hais tias qhov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig txawv ntawm hom cog cov mis nyuj, lawv txhua tus muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua li cov mis nyuj. Piv txwv li, cov mis nyuj almond tau raug thuam rau nws cov dej siv, tab sis nws tseem xav tau dej tsawg, av, thiab tsim tawm tsawg dua li nyuj cov mis nyuj. Cov kev xaiv xws li oat, soy, thiab hemp mis nyuj yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws hauv eco-friendly, ua rau cov mis nyuj cog qoob loo yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua rau lub ntiaj teb tag nrho.
Puas yog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo rau lub ntiaj teb thiab?
Nws yog ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas cov vegan los yog cov khoom noj uas cog qoob loo ua rau lub ntiaj teb vim cov qoob loo zoo li soya. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob ib ncig ntawm 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no soya ntau lawm yog siv los pub tsiaj nyeg, tsis yog tib neeg. Tsuas yog ib feem me me tau ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom noj xws li taum paj, kua mis, lossis lwm yam khoom siv cog.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias los ntawm kev noj tsiaj, tib neeg tsis ncaj qha tsav ntau lub ntiaj teb xav tau soya. Qhov tseeb, ntau yam khoom noj uas tsis yog vegan txhua hnub - los ntawm cov khoom noj txom ncauj zoo li biscuits rau cov khoom noj nqaij tinned - kuj muaj soya.
Yog tias peb txav deb ntawm cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb, cov av thiab cov qoob loo xav tau yuav txo qis heev. Qhov ntawd yuav txo cov hav zoov pov tseg, khaws cov chaw nyob hauv ntuj ntau dua, thiab txo qis hauv tsev cog khoom emissions. Muab tso yooj yim: xaiv cov khoom noj vegan pab txo qis qhov kev thov rau tsiaj pub qoob loo thiab tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb ecosystems.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2018). Lub Xeev Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Hav Zoov 2018: Txoj Kev Hav Zoov rau Kev Txhim Kho Zoo. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/state-of-forests/en/ - Lub koom haum World Resources. (2019). Tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau yav tom ntej: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv rau Ze li 10 Billion Neeg los ntawm 2050. Washington, DC: Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Pabcuam.
https://www.wri.org/research/creating-sustainable-food-future - Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Txo cov zaub mov ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Science, 360(6392), 987–992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216 - United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Khoom noj khoom haus cuam tshuam rau Biodiversity poob: Peb Levers rau Food System Transformation nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm xwm. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/food-system-impacts-biodiversity-loss - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Kev koom tes ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm III rau Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Thib 6 ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/
Yuav ua li cas rau lub teb chaws yog tias peb tso tseg cov tsiaj qus rau nws?
Yog tias txhua tus tau txais txoj kev ua neej vegan, peb yuav xav tau thaj av tsawg dua rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Qhov ntawd yuav tso cai rau ntau lub teb chaws rov qab los rau nws lub xeev ntuj, tsim kom muaj chaw rau hav zoov, nyom, thiab lwm yam tsiaj qus kom muaj kev vam meej ib zaug ntxiv.
Tsis yog kev poob rau lub teb chaws, xaus kev ua liaj ua teb yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo:
- Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tsiaj kev txom nyem yuav xaus.
- Cov tsiaj qus tuaj yeem rov qab los thiab biodiversity yuav nce ntxiv.
- Cov hav zoov thiab cov nyom tuaj yeem nthuav dav, khaws cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab pab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv huab cua.
- Cov av tam sim no siv rau tsiaj pub tuaj yeem mob siab rau sanctuaries, rewilding, thiab xwm reserves.
Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, kev tshawb fawb qhia tias yog txhua tus neeg mus vegan, 76% tsawg dua av yuav xav tau rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Qhov no yuav qhib qhov rooj rau qhov kev txhawb siab loj ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes thiab ecosystems, nrog ntau chav rau cov tsiaj qus kom muaj kev vam meej.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2020). Lub xeev ntawm lub ntiaj teb av thiab dej Resources rau zaub mov thiab kev ua liaj ua teb – Systems ntawm Breaking Point. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/land-water/solaw2021/en/ - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Kev koom tes ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm III rau Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Thib 6 ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ - Lub koom haum World Resources. (2019). Tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau yav tom ntej: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv rau Ze li 10 Billion Neeg los ntawm 2050. Washington, DC: Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Pabcuam.
https://www.wri.org/research/creating-sustainable-food-future
Kuv tsis tuaj yeem noj cov khoom lag luam organic hauv zos los pab ib puag ncig?
Kev tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog:
Koj puas xav txo cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntawm koj cov zaub mov? Tsom ntsoov rau yam koj noj, tsis yog koj cov zaub mov hauv zos
Saib ntawm no rau cov peev txheej tag nrho: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local
Kev yuav hauv zos thiab cov organic yuav txo tau cov zaub mov mais thiab zam qee cov tshuaj tua kab, tab sis thaum nws los txog rau ib puag ncig, koj noj dab tsi tseem ceeb tshaj qhov uas nws tuaj.
Txawm tias qhov kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws, cov organic, cov khoom siv tsiaj hauv zos xav tau ntau thaj av, dej, thiab cov peev txheej piv rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ncaj qha rau tib neeg noj. Lub nra loj tshaj plaws ntawm ib puag ncig yog los ntawm kev yug tsiaj rau lawv tus kheej, tsis yog los ntawm kev thauj lawv cov khoom.
Kev hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov cog qoob loo ua rau txo qis hauv tsev cog khoom roj emissions, siv av, thiab siv dej. Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cov nroj tsuag - txawm tias hauv zos lossis tsis yog - muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig ntau dua li kev xaiv cov khoom tsiaj "sustainable".
Tsis yog soya rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb?
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov hav zoov tau raug puas tsuaj ntawm qhov txaus ntshai - txog peb qhov chaw ncaws pob txhua feeb - tshem tawm ntau txhiab tus tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm soya tau loj hlob tsis yog rau tib neeg noj. Tam sim no, nyob ib ncig ntawm 70% ntawm soya tsim nyob rau hauv South America yog siv los ua tsiaj txhu noj, thiab kwv yees li 90% ntawm Amazon deforestation yog txuas mus rau loj hlob tsiaj noj los yog tsim pasture rau nyuj.
Kev yug tsiaj rau zaub mov yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov qoob loo loj, dej, thiab av yuav tsum tau tsim cov nqaij thiab mis nyuj, ntau dua li tib neeg noj cov qoob loo ncaj qha. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm "qib nruab nrab" no thiab siv cov qoob loo xws li soya peb tus kheej, peb tuaj yeem pub ntau tus neeg, txo kev siv av, tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntuj, khaws biodiversity, thiab txiav cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj txhu.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2021). Lub Xeev Ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Hav Zoov 2020: Hav zoov, Biodiversity thiab Tib Neeg. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/state-of-forests/en/ - World Wide Fund for Nature. (2021). Daim Ntawv Qhia Soy: Txheeb xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Siv Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Cov Tuam Txhab Ntiaj Teb. Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshwm sim thawj zaug https://www.wwf.fr/sites/default/files/doc-2021-05/20210519_Rapport_Soy-trade-scorecard-How-commited-are-soy-traders-to-a-conversion-free-industry_WWF%26Global-Canopy_compressed - United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Khoom noj khoom haus cuam tshuam rau Biodiversity poob: Peb Levers rau Food System Transformation nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm xwm. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/food-system-impacts-biodiversity-loss - Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Txo cov zaub mov ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Science, 360(6392), 987–992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216
Tsis yog almonds ua rau drought?
Thaum nws muaj tseeb tias almonds xav tau dej kom loj hlob, lawv tsis yog tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis txaus dej hauv ntiaj teb. Cov neeg siv dej loj tshaj plaws hauv kev ua liaj ua teb yog kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj txhu, uas ib leeg suav txog li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev siv dej tshiab. Feem ntau ntawm cov dej no nkag mus rau hauv cov qoob loo cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb pub tsiaj es tsis yog tib neeg.
Thaum muab piv rau ib-calorie lossis ib-protein hauv paus, almonds yog cov neeg siv dej ntau dua li cov khoom siv mis nyuj, nqaij nyuj, lossis lwm yam khoom tsiaj. Hloov los ntawm cov zaub mov raws li tsiaj mus rau lwm cov nroj tsuag, suav nrog almonds, tuaj yeem txo qhov xav tau dej ntau heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua liaj ua teb cog qoob loo feem ntau muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig qis dua, suav nrog kev tso pa tawm hauv tsev cog khoom, kev siv av, thiab kev siv dej. Xaiv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li almond, oat, lossis soy yog li ntawd yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li kev noj cov khoom noj siv mis los yog tsiaj txhu, txawm tias almonds lawv tus kheej xav tau dej.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2020). Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb 2020: Overcoming Water Challenges in Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshwm sim thawj zaug https://www.fao.org/publications/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-and-agriculture/2020/en - Mekonnen, MM, & Hoekstra, AY (2012). Kev ntsuam xyuas thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov dej hneev taw ntawm cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb. Ecosystems, 15(3), 401–415.
https://www.waterfootprint.org/resources/Mekonnen-Hoekstra-2012-WaterFootprintFarmAnimalProducts_1.pdf - Lub koom haum World Resources. (2019). Tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau yav tom ntej: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv rau Ze li 10 Billion Neeg los ntawm 2050. Washington, DC: Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Pabcuam.
https://www.wri.org/research/creating-sustainable-food-future
Puas yog vegans rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev noj avocados?
Tsis yog. Cov lus thov tias vegans ua phem rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev noj avocados feem ntau yog hais txog kev siv cov muv pollination coj mus muag hauv qee thaj tsam, xws li California. Txawm hais tias nws muaj tseeb tias kev ua liaj ua teb loj avocado qee zaum tso siab rau cov muv thauj, qhov teeb meem no tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau avocados. Ntau cov qoob loo-xws li txiv apples, almonds, melons, txiv lws suav, thiab broccoli-nyob ntawm kev lag luam pollination ib yam nkaus, thiab cov tsis-vegans noj cov zaub mov no thiab.
Avocados tseem tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntiaj teb piv rau cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hav zoov, emissions tsev cog khoom loj heev, thiab xav tau dej thiab av ntau dua. Xaiv avocados tshaj tsiaj cov khoom lag luam txo cov kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Cov vegans, zoo li txhua tus neeg, tuaj yeem tsom mus yuav los ntawm cov liaj teb me lossis ntau dua thaum ua tau, tab sis noj cov nroj tsuag - suav nrog avocados - tseem nyob deb dua li kev txhawb nqa tsiaj txhu.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations. (2021). Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb 2021: Ua Agrifood Systems Ntau Resilient rau Shocks thiab Stresses. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/publications/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-and-agriculture/2021/en - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Kev koom tes ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm III rau Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Thib 6 ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ - Harvard TH Chan Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv. (2023). Khoom noj khoom haus Source - Environmental impacts of food production.
https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/sustainability/
Puas yog qhov tseeb rau txhua lub tebchaws, suav nrog cov neeg txom nyem, los txais yuav cov khoom noj vegan?
Nws yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis ua tau. Kev pub qoob loo rau tsiaj yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov calories uas tau muab rau tsiaj txhu ua zaub mov rau tib neeg. Yog tias txhua lub tebchaws tau txais kev noj zaub mov vegan, peb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj calorie ntau ntau txog 70%, txaus los pub ntau lab tus tib neeg. Qhov no tseem yuav tso cov av, tso cai rau cov hav zoov thiab cov chaw nyob hauv ntuj kom rov qab los, ua rau lub ntiaj teb muaj kev noj qab haus huv thaum ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov rau txhua tus.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Springmann, M., Godfray, HCJ, Rayner, M., & Scarborough, P. (2016). Kev txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb hloov pauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov hloov. Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Academy of Sciences, 113(15), 4146–4151.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1523119113 - Godfray, HCJ, Aveyard, P., Garnett, T., Hall, JW, Key, TJ, Lorimer, J., … & Jebb, SA (2018). Noj nqaij, noj qab haus huv, thiab ib puag ncig. Science, 361 (6399), eaam5324.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aam5324 - Foley, JA, Ramankutty, N., Brauman, KA, Cassidy, ES, Gerber, JS, Johnston, M., … & Zaks, DPM (2011). Kev daws rau lub ntiaj teb cultivated. Xwm, 478, 337–342.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10452
Yuav tsum tsis txhob yas thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj dua li kev noj haus?
Thaum cov pov tseg yas thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog biodegradable yog teeb meem loj, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj muaj ntau dua. Nws ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hav zoov, av thiab dej muaj kuab paug, thaj chaw tuag hauv hiav txwv, thiab cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom loj heev - deb tshaj li cov neeg siv khoom siv plastics nkaus xwb. Ntau cov khoom siv tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib lub ntim ntim, ntxiv rau cov teeb meem pov tseg. Kev ua raws li tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis kev noj zaub mov vegan daws ntau qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj dua.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias feem ntau ntawm cov plastics pom ntawm qhov hu ua "cov Islands yas" hauv dej hiav txwv tau muab pov tseg cov nets thiab lwm yam khoom siv nuv ntses, tsis yog cov neeg siv khoom ntim. Qhov no qhia txog yuav ua li cas kev lag luam kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam nuv ntses cuam tshuam nrog kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov pa phem hauv hiav txwv. Txo qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv tsiaj tuaj yeem pab daws ob qho tib si hauv tsev cog khoom emissions thiab cov pa phem yas hauv dej hiav txwv.
Puas yog ib puag ncig zoo noj ntses xwb?
Kev noj ntses nkaus xwb tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Kev nuv ntses ntau dhau yog ua rau cov ntses thoob ntiaj teb sai sai, nrog qee cov kev tshawb fawb kwv yees cov dej hiav txwv tsis muaj ntses los ntawm 2048 yog tias tam sim no txuas ntxiv mus. Kev xyaum nuv ntses kuj tseem muaj kev puas tsuaj loj: cov nets feem ntau ntes ntau hom tsiaj uas tsis xav tau (bycatch), ua phem rau marine ecosystems thiab biodiversity. Tsis tas li ntawd, poob los yog muab pov tseg nuv ntses nets yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas dej hiav txwv, suav txog yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov pa phem hauv hiav txwv. Txawm hais tias ntses yuav zoo li tsis tshua muaj peev txheej ntau dua li nqaij nyug lossis lwm yam tsiaj hauv av, kev cia siab rau cov ntses ib leeg tseem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, ecosystem vau, thiab muaj kuab paug. Kev noj zaub mov zoo li tsob nroj tseem nyob deb dua thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntiaj teb dej hiav txwv thiab biodiversity.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Kab, B., et al. (2006). Kev cuam tshuam ntawm biodiversity poob rau kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv ecosystem. Science, 314(5800), 787–790.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1132294 - FAO. (2022). Lub Xeev ntawm Ntiaj Teb Kev Nuv Ntses thiab Aquaculture 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture - OceanCare ntawm Fish Forum 2024 los qhia txog cov pa phem hauv hiav txwv los ntawm kev nuv ntses
https://www.oceancare.org/en/stories_and_news/fish-forum-marine-pollution/
Kev tsim cov nqaij ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua li cas?
Kev tsim cov nqaij muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev hloov pauv huab cua. Kev yuav cov nqaij thiab cov khoom noj siv mis ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hav zoov los tsim pastureland thiab loj hlob tsiaj noj. Qhov no rhuav tshem cov hav zoov uas khaws cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab tso CO₂ ntau heev. Cov tsiaj nyeg lawv tus kheej tsim cov methane, lub tsev cog khoom muaj zog, ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov sov ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj ua rau muaj kuab paug ntawm cov dej ntws thiab dej hiav txwv, tsim kom muaj thaj chaw tuag uas cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob. Kev txo cov nqaij noj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws uas tib neeg tuaj yeem txo lawv cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab pab txo qis kev hloov pauv huab cua.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Txo cov zaub mov ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Science, 360(6392), 987–992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216 - FAO. (2022). Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/publications/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-and-agriculture/2022/en - IPCC. (2019). Kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab av: Daim Ntawv Qhia Tshwj Xeeb IPCC.
https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/
Puas yog noj nqaij qaib zoo dua rau ib puag ncig dua li lwm cov nqaij?
Thaum nqaij qaib muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua li nqaij nyug los yog yaj, nws tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Kev ua liaj ua teb qaib ua rau muaj methane thiab lwm cov pa hauv tsev cog khoom, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua. Manure runoff pollutes cov dej ntws thiab dej hiav txwv, tsim cov chaw tuag uas cov dej tsis muaj sia nyob. Yog li, txawm tias nws yuav "zoo dua" dua li qee cov nqaij, noj nqaij qaib tseem ua mob rau ib puag ncig piv rau kev noj zaub mov zoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Txo cov zaub mov ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Science, 360(6392), 987–992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216 - FAO. (2013). Tackling kev hloov pauv huab cua los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg: Kev ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb ntawm emissions thiab kev txo qis. Food and Agriculture Organization ntawm United Nations.
https://www.fao.org/4/i3437e/i3437e.pdf - Clark, M., Springmann, M., Hill, J., & Tilman, D. (2019). Ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj. PNAS, 116(46), 23357–23362.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1906908116
Yog tias txhua tus tau hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov zoo, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov zej zog puas nyob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu poob lawv txoj haujlwm?
Kev hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo yuav tsis ua kom puas tsuaj. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm tsiaj ua liaj ua teb mus rau cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, legumes, txiv ntseej, thiab lwm yam zaub mov cog, uas yog xav tau ntau ntxiv. Kev lag luam tshiab-xws li cov khoom noj cog qoob loo, lwm cov proteins, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb ruaj khov-yuav tsim cov haujlwm thiab kev lag luam. Tsoom fwv thiab cov zej zog kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txhawb qhov kev hloov pauv no nrog kev cob qhia thiab kev txhawb siab, ua kom cov tib neeg tsis raug tso tseg thaum peb txav mus rau qhov kev noj zaub mov zoo dua.
Muaj kev tshoov siab piv txwv ntawm cov liaj teb uas tau ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv no. Piv txwv li, qee lub chaw ua liaj ua teb tau hloov pauv lawv thaj av los cog qoob loo almonds, taum pauv, lossis lwm cov qoob loo raws li cog, thaum cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsiaj txhu hauv ntau thaj tsam tau hloov mus ua cov legumes, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub rau hauv zos thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam. Cov kev hloov pauv no tsis tsuas yog muab cov nyiaj tau los tshiab rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tab sis kuj tseem pab txhawb kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus ib puag ncig thiab ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov zaub mov cog qoob loo.
Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov kev hloov pauv no nrog kev kawm, kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag, thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv zej zog, peb tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev txav mus rau cov khoom noj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg thiab lub ntiaj teb.
Puas yog tawv zoo rau ib puag ncig zoo dua li hluavtaws?
Txawm hais tias kev lag luam thov, tawv yog deb ntawm eco-phooj ywg. Nws cov khoom siv ntau lub zog - piv rau txhuas, hlau, lossis cement kev lag luam - thiab cov txheej txheem tanning tiv thaiv tawv nqaij los ntawm biodegrading. Tanneries tseem tso tawm ntau yam tshuaj lom thiab cov pa phem, suav nrog sulfides, acids, ntsev, plaub hau, thiab cov protein, uas ua rau cov av thiab dej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov tawv tawv tawv tau raug cov tshuaj phom sij, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lawv noj qab haus huv, ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij, teeb meem ua pa, thiab qee zaum muaj mob mus ntev.
Hauv qhov sib piv, cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv tsawg dua cov peev txheej thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig tsawg. Kev xaiv cov tawv nqaij tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau lub ntiaj teb puas tsuaj tab sis kuj nyob deb ntawm kev xaiv kom ruaj khov.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Dej thiab hluav taws xob siv hauv cov tawv nqaij
qhuav hauv nroog tawv khoom. Environmental Impact of Leather Production
https://oldtownleathergoods.com/environmental-impact-of-leather-production - Tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm Tanneries
Sustain Fashion. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm tawv tawv ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua.
https://sustainfashion.info/the-environmental-impact-of-leather-production-on-climate-change/ - Khib nyiab tsim nyob rau hauv Tawv Kev Lag Luam
Faunalytics. Tawv Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
https://faunalytics.org/the-leather-industrys-impact-on-the-environment/ - Environmental Impacts ntawm Synthetic Leather
Vogue. Vegan Leather yog dab tsi?
https://www.vogue.com/article/what-is-vegan-leather
Tsiaj thiab Ethics FAQs
Kev ua neej raws li tsob nroj muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi rau tsiaj lub neej?
Xaiv txoj kev ua neej raws li cov nroj tsuag muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj. Txhua xyoo, ntau lab tus tsiaj raug bred, kaw, thiab tua rau zaub mov, khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov tsiaj no nyob hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis lees paub lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ntuj, thiab feem ntau txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev siv txoj kev ua neej raws li cov nroj tsuag, koj ncaj qha txo qhov kev thov rau cov kev lag luam no, txhais tau tias tsawg dua tsiaj raug coj los rau hauv lub neej tsuas yog raug kev txom nyem thiab tuag.
Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias ib tus neeg nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem khaws ntau pua tus tsiaj nyob hauv lawv lub neej. Tshaj li tus lej, nws sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev kho tsiaj raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab ua kom pom tau tias lawv yog cov neeg xav paub uas muaj nuj nqis rau lawv lub neej. Xaiv cov nroj tsuag raws li tsis yog hais txog "zoo meej," tab sis hais txog kev txo qis qhov twg peb tuaj yeem ua tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- PETA – Plant-Based Lifestyle Benefits
https://www.peta.org.uk/living/vegan-health-benefits/ - Faunalytics (2022)
https://faunalytics.org/how-many-animals-does-a-vegn-spare/
Lub neej ntawm tus tsiaj puas tseem ceeb npaum li tib neeg?
Peb tsis tas yuav daws qhov kev sib cav tswv yim nyuaj txog seb tus tsiaj lub neej puas sib npaug ntawm tus nqi rau tib neeg. Dab tsi tseem ceeb - thiab qhov kev ua neej nyob ntawm tsob ntoo yog tsim los ntawm - yog kev lees paub tias tsiaj txhu muaj kev xav: lawv tuaj yeem hnov mob, ntshai, kev xyiv fab, thiab kev nplij siab. Qhov tseeb yooj yim no ua rau lawv txoj kev txom nyem coj ncaj ncees.
Xaiv cov nroj tsuag tsis xav kom peb thov tias tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu zoo ib yam; Nws tsuas nug: yog tias peb muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob puv npo, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab txaus siab lub neej yam tsis ua rau tsiaj raug mob, vim li cas peb yuav tsis?
Hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawd, lo lus nug tsis yog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej, tab sis hais txog kev khuv leej thiab lub luag haujlwm. Los ntawm kev txo qis kev tsim txom tsis tsim nyog, peb lees paub tias thaum tib neeg yuav muaj hwj chim ntau dua, lub hwj chim ntawd yuav tsum tau siv kom zoo - los tiv thaiv, tsis txhob siv.
Vim li cas koj ho txhawj txog tsiaj thiab tsis yog neeg?
Kev saib xyuas tsiaj tsis txhais hais tias saib xyuas neeg tsawg. Qhov tseeb tiag, kev coj noj coj ua txoj kev ua neej raws li cog qoob loo pab tsiaj thiab tib neeg.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig rau txhua tus
Tsiaj kev ua liaj ua teb yog ib qho ntawm cov tsav tsheb ntawm deforestation, dej muaj kuab paug, thiab tso pa tawm hauv tsev cog khoom. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov nroj tsuag, peb txo cov kev ntxhov siab no thiab txav mus rau lub ntiaj teb huv, noj qab nyob zoo - ib yam uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tus neeg. - Khoom noj khoom haus kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees thoob ntiaj teb
Kev yug tsiaj rau zaub mov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov av, dej, thiab qoob loo ntau heev yog siv los pub tsiaj rau tib neeg. Hauv ntau thaj chaw tsim kho, thaj av fertile tau mob siab rau kev loj hlob tsiaj pub rau kev xa tawm es tsis yog txhawb nqa cov neeg hauv zos. Ib qho kev cog qoob loo yuav tso cov peev txheej los tawm tsam kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab txhawb kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov thoob ntiaj teb. - Kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm tsob ntoo muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo tsawg ntawm kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiab rog rog. Cov neeg noj qab haus huv txhais tau tias tsis tshua muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov kab ke kho mob, tsawg hnub ua haujlwm poob, thiab lub neej zoo dua rau tib neeg thiab tsev neeg. - Tib neeg txoj cai thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm
Tom qab txhua lub tsev tua tsiaj yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntsib cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai, nyiaj hli qis, kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv mus ntev. Kev txav mus deb ntawm kev siv tsiaj kuj txhais tau tias tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Yog li, kev saib xyuas tsiaj tsis yog qhov sib txawv nrog kev saib xyuas tib neeg - nws yog ib feem ntawm tib lub zeem muag rau lub ntiaj teb zoo dua, muaj siab hlub, thiab muaj kev vam meej.
Yuav ua li cas rau cov tsiaj nyeg yog tias lub ntiaj teb ua cov nroj tsuag?
Yog tias lub ntiaj teb hloov mus rau cov khoom noj uas cog qoob loo, cov tsiaj txhu hauv tsev yuav maj mam poob qis. Tam sim no, cov tsiaj raug yuam kom bred nyob rau hauv billions txhua xyoo kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm nqaij, mis nyuj, thiab qe. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov kev thov khoom siv no, kev lag luam yuav tsis tsim khoom ntau lawm.
Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias cov tsiaj uas twb muaj lawm yuav ploj mus - lawv tseem yuav ua neej nyob hauv lawv lub neej, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dawb huv lossis hauv kev saib xyuas kom raug. Dab tsi yuav hloov pauv yog tias ntau lab tus tsiaj tshiab yuav tsis yug los rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nyiaj dhau kev txom nyem thiab kev tuag ntxov.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov kev hloov pauv no yuav ua rau peb hloov pauv peb txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tsiaj. Hloov chaw ntawm kev kho lawv raws li cov khoom lag luam, lawv yuav muaj nyob hauv cov neeg me me, muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua - tsis yog siv rau tib neeg, tab sis tso cai rau ua neej nyob raws li cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj cai.
Yog li, lub ntiaj teb cog qoob loo yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau cov tsiaj nyob hauv tsev - nws yuav txhais tau tias qhov kawg ntawm kev txom nyem tsis tsim nyog thiab maj mam poob, tib neeg poob qis ntawm cov tsiaj txhu hauv kev poob cev qhev.
Yuav ua li cas txog cov nroj tsuag? Tsis yog lawv sentient thiab?
Txawm hais tias, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv deb heev, cov nroj tsuag tau txais kev xav, nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau ntau dua ntawm lawv kom txhawb nqa tsiaj ua liaj ua teb dua li yog tias peb noj cov nroj tsuag ncaj qha.
Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov pov thawj ua rau peb txiav txim siab tias lawv tsis yog, raws li tau piav qhia ntawm no. Lawv tsis muaj lub paj hlwb lossis lwm cov qauv uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo sib xws hauv lub cev ntawm cov neeg xav tau. Vim li no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muaj kev paub, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem hnov mob. Qhov no thim rov qab qhov peb tuaj yeem saib tau, vim tias cov nroj tsuag tsis yog tsiaj nrog tus cwj pwm zoo li lub siab xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov ua haujlwm uas qhov kev xav muaj. Kev xav tau tshwm sim thiab tau raug xaiv rau hauv keeb kwm ntuj tsim los ua ib qho cuab yeej los txhawb kev ua. Vim li no, nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov nroj tsuag kom muaj kev xav, vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm kev hem lossis ua rau lwm yam kev txav.
Qee tus neeg tham txog "kev txawj ntse cog qoob loo" thiab cov nroj tsuag "kev cuam tshuam rau stimuli", tab sis qhov no tsuas yog hais txog qee lub peev xwm lawv muaj uas tsis muaj kev xav, kev xav lossis kev xav txhua.
Txawm hais tias qee tus neeg hais tias, kev thov rau qhov tsis sib xws tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb hauv av. Nws yog qee zaum sib cav tias raws li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb pom cov nroj tsuag tau pom tias yuav tsum nco ntsoov, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog lus dab neeg xwb. Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb tau txhawb nqa qhov kev thov no.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- ResearchGate: Cov nroj tsuag puas mob?
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343273411_Do_Plants_Feel_Pain - https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/03/28/berkeley-talks-transcript-neurobiologist-david-presti/
- Ntiaj teb tsiaj tiv thaiv peb
cov nroj tsuag puas mob? Unpacking the Science thiab Ethics
https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/do-plants-feel-pain-unpacking-the-science-and-ethics/
Peb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias tsiaj muaj peev xwm raug kev txom nyem thiab kev xyiv fab?
Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia peb tias cov tsiaj tsis yog lub tshuab tsis hnov tsw - lawv muaj cov hlab ntsha nyuaj, lub hlwb, thiab kev coj cwj pwm uas qhia meej meej txog kev txom nyem thiab kev xyiv fab.
Cov pov thawj ntawm paj hlwb: Ntau tus tsiaj muaj cov qauv paj hlwb zoo sib xws rau tib neeg (xws li amygdala thiab prefrontal cortex), uas txuas ncaj qha rau kev xav xws li kev ntshai, kev txaus siab, thiab kev ntxhov siab.
Cov pov thawj coj cwj pwm: Tsiaj txhu quaj thaum raug mob, zam kev mob, thiab nrhiav kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb. Hloov chaw, lawv ua si, qhia kev hlub, tsim kev sib raug zoo, thiab txawm tias xav paub - tag nrho cov cim ntawm kev xyiv fab thiab kev xav zoo.
Kev pom zoo rau kev tshawb fawb: Cov koom haum ua thawj coj, xws li Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (2012), lees paub tias tsiaj txhu, noog, thiab lwm hom tsiaj yog cov neeg paub qab hau uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev xav.
Tsiaj txhu raug kev txom nyem thaum lawv cov kev xav tau raug tsis quav ntsej, thiab lawv vam meej thaum lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev ywj pheej - ib yam li peb.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (2012)
https://www.animalcognition.org/2015/03/25/the-declaration-of-nonhuman-animal-conciousness/ - ResearchGate: Animal Emotions: Exploring Passionate Nature
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232682925_Animal_Emotions_Exploring_Passionate_Natures - National Geographic - Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsiaj Tsi Zoo
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/animals-science-medical-pain
Tsiaj txhu raug tua lawm, yog vim li cas kuv thiaj yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov?
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias ntau lab tus tsiaj raug tua txhua hnub. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev thov: txhua zaus peb yuav cov khoom siv tsiaj, peb qhia rau kev lag luam kom tsim tau ntau dua. Qhov no tsim lub voj voog uas ntau txhiab tus tsiaj yug los tsuas yog raug kev txom nyem thiab raug tua.
Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cov nroj tsuag tsis cuam tshuam yav dhau los, tab sis nws tiv thaiv kev txom nyem yav tom ntej. Txhua tus neeg uas tsis yuav nqaij, mis nyuj, lossis qe txo qhov kev thov, uas txhais tau hais tias tsawg dua cov tsiaj txhu raug bred, kaw, thiab tua. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, mus cog-raws li ib txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob ua phem rau yav tom ntej.
Yog tias peb txhua tus tau mus rau cov nroj tsuag, puas yog peb yuav tsis ua rau tsiaj?
Tsis yog kiag li. Cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tsiaj-lawv tsis rov tsim dua tshiab. Raws li qhov kev thov rau cov nqaij, khoom noj siv mis, thiab qe poob qis, cov tsiaj tsawg yuav raug bred, thiab lawv cov lej yuav txo qis thaum lub sijhawm.
Tsis yog "overrun," cov tsiaj txhu yuav ua neej nyob ntau dua. Npua tuaj yeem cog rau hauv hav zoov, yaj tuaj yeem cog rau ntawm hillsides, thiab cov pejxeem yuav nyob ruaj khov, ib yam li cov tsiaj qus. Lub ntiaj teb cog qoob loo tso cai rau tsiaj kom muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ib txwm muaj, tsis txhob raug kaw, siv, thiab tua rau tib neeg noj.
Yog tias peb txhua tus mus rau cov nroj tsuag, puas yuav tsis tag nrho cov tsiaj tuag?
Tsis yog kiag li. Txawm hais tias nws muaj tseeb tias cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb yuav txo qis thaum lub sijhawm tsawg dua, qhov no yog qhov hloov pauv zoo. Feem ntau cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no muaj kev tswj hwm, lub neej tsis zoo uas muaj kev ntshai, kaw, thiab mob. Lawv feem ntau khaws cia hauv tsev tsis muaj hnub ci, los yog tua ntawm ib feem ntawm lawv lub neej ntuj tsim-bred kom tuag rau tib neeg noj. Qee hom tsiaj, zoo li qaib broiler thiab qaib cov txwv, tau hloov pauv los ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv qus uas lawv muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, xws li mob ceg tawv. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cia lawv maj mam ploj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua.
Lub ntiaj teb cog qoob loo kuj tseem yuav tsim qhov chaw ntxiv rau qhov xwm txheej. Cov cheeb tsam loj uas tam sim no siv los cog cov tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem rov qab los ua hav zoov, thaj chaw tsiaj qus, lossis chaw nyob rau tsiaj qus. Hauv qee thaj chaw, peb tuaj yeem txhawb kom rov qab los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv qus ntawm cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb-xws li npua qus lossis cov noog hav zoov-pab khaws cia biodiversity uas kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb tau txwv.
Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb cog qoob loo, tsiaj txhu yuav tsis muaj nyob rau cov txiaj ntsig lossis kev siv nyiaj. Lawv tuaj yeem nyob ywj pheej, ib txwm muaj, thiab nyab xeeb hauv lawv cov ecosystems, tsis yog raug daig hauv kev txom nyem thiab kev tuag ntxov ntxov.
Puas yog noj tsiaj yog tias lawv ua lub neej zoo thiab raug tua tib neeg?
Yog tias peb siv qhov kev xav no, puas yuav raug muab tua thiab noj dev lossis miv uas tau ua lub neej zoo? Peb yog leej twg los txiav txim siab thaum twg lwm tus neeg lub neej yuav tsum xaus lossis seb lawv lub neej puas tau "zoo txaus"? Cov lus sib cav no tsuas yog kev zam txim rau kev tua tsiaj thiab ua kom yooj yim rau peb tus kheej qhov txhaum, vim qhov tob tob, peb paub tias nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev coj lub neej yam tsis tsim nyog.
Tab sis dab tsi txhais tau tias "lub neej zoo"? Peb kos kab ntawm kev txom nyem nyob qhov twg? Tsiaj txhu, txawm lawv yog nyuj, npua, qaib, los yog peb tus hlub khub tsiaj xws li dev thiab miv, txhua tus muaj lub siab xav kom muaj sia nyob thiab muaj lub siab xav ua neej nyob. Los ntawm kev tua lawv, peb tshem tawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lawv muaj - lawv lub neej.
Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog kiag li. Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab ua tiav cov nroj tsuag tso cai rau peb ua tau raws li peb cov kev xav tau khoom noj khoom haus yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau lwm yam tsiaj. Xaiv txoj kev ua neej raws li cov nroj tsuag tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev txom nyem loj heev rau cov tsiaj, tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, tsim kom muaj lub ntiaj teb muaj kev hlub tshua thiab muaj kev vam meej.
Ntses tsis hnov mob, yog vim li cas tsis txhob noj lawv?
Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb pom tseeb tias ntses tuaj yeem hnov mob thiab raug kev txom nyem. Kev lag luam nuv ntses ua rau muaj kev txom nyem loj heev: ntses tau tsoo hauv cov nets, lawv cov zais zis tuaj yeem tawg thaum coj mus rau saum npoo, los yog lawv tuag qeeb los ntawm asphyxiation ntawm lub lawj. Ntau hom, zoo li ntses salmon, kuj tseem ua liaj ua teb, uas lawv tiv taus ntau dhau, kab mob sib kis, thiab kab mob cab.
Ntses yog cov ntse thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev coj cwj pwm nyuaj. Piv txwv li, cov pab pawg thiab cov eels koom tes thaum yos hav zoov, siv tes taw thiab cov cim los sib txuas lus thiab sib koom ua ke - pov thawj ntawm kev paub thiab kev paub zoo.
Tshaj li kev txom nyem ntawm tus kheej tsiaj, nuv ntses muaj kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Kev nuv ntses ntau dhau tau ploj mus txog li 90% ntawm qee cov ntses qus, thaum hauv qab-trawling ua rau cov dej hiav txwv tsis muaj zog. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntses ntes tsis tau txawm tias tib neeg noj - nyob ib ncig ntawm 70% yog siv los pub ntses ua liaj ua teb lossis tsiaj txhu. Piv txwv li, ib tuj ntawm cov ntses ua liaj ua teb siv peb tonnes ntawm cov ntses qus-caught. Kom meej meej, kev cia siab rau tsiaj cov khoom, nrog rau cov ntses, tsis yog kev ncaj ncees los yog kev ruaj ntseg.
Kev siv cov zaub mov raws li cov nroj tsuag tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev txom nyem thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig, thaum muab tag nrho cov as-ham tsim nyog nyob rau hauv txoj kev muaj siab hlub thiab ruaj khov.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Bateson, P. (2015). Tsiaj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Ntsuas Kev Mob.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347205801277 - FAO - Lub Xeev ntawm Ntiaj Teb Kev Nkoj Nkoj thiab Aquaculture 2022
https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/11a4abd8-4e09-4bef-9c12-900fb4605a02 - National Geographic - Overfishing
www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/critical-issues-overfishing
Lwm cov tsiaj tua tsiaj, yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tsis txhob?
Tsis zoo li cov tsiaj txhu tsiaj qus, tib neeg tsis nyob ntawm kev tua lwm tus tsiaj kom ciaj sia. Lions, hma, thiab sharks yos hav zoov vim lawv tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, tab sis peb ua. Peb muaj peev xwm xaiv peb cov zaub mov kom paub meej thiab ncaj ncees.
Kev lag luam tsiaj ua liaj ua teb txawv heev los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu ua yeeb yam ntawm kev xav. Nws yog ib qho kev tsim khoom tsim los rau cov txiaj ntsig, yuam ntau lab tus tsiaj kom tiv taus kev txom nyem, raug kaw, kab mob, thiab kev tuag ntxov ntxov. Qhov no tsis tsim nyog vim tib neeg tuaj yeem vam khom rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag uas muab tag nrho cov as-ham uas peb xav tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog yuav txo tau ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj. Tsiaj txhu ua liaj ua teb yog ib qho ua rau deforestation, dej paug, tsev xog paj emissions, thiab poob ntawm biodiversity. Los ntawm kev zam cov khoom tsiaj, peb tuaj yeem ua neej nyob noj qab haus huv, ua tiav lub neej thaum tseem tiv thaiv kev txom nyem loj heev thiab tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb.
Hauv qhov luv, tsuas yog vim lwm yam tsiaj tua kom ciaj sia tsis ua rau tib neeg ua tib yam nkaus. Peb muaj kev xaiv—thiab nrog qhov kev xaiv ntawd los txog lub luag haujlwm kom txo qis kev puas tsuaj.
Tsis yog nyuj yuav tsum tau mis nyuj?
Tsis yog, nyuj tsis xav tau tib neeg los muab mis nyuj rau lawv. Nyuj tsuas tsim tau cov kua mis tom qab yug me nyuam, ib yam li txhua tus tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov qus, ib tug nyuj yuav tu nws calf, thiab lub voj voog ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab mis nyuj ntau lawm yuav ua raws li lawm.
Hauv kev lag luam mis nyuj, txawm li cas los xij, nyuj tau rov ua dua thiab lawv cov nyuj raug tshem tawm sai tom qab yug me nyuam kom tib neeg thiaj li tau txais cov mis nyuj hloov. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev txom nyem loj heev rau leej niam thiab tus menyuam mos. Cov txiv neej calves feem ntau raug tua rau cov nqaij nyug los yog tsa hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, thiab cov poj niam calves raug yuam mus rau tib lub voj voog ntawm kev siv.
Xaiv txoj kev ua neej raws li cog qoob loo tso cai rau peb kom tsis txhob muaj kev txhawb nqa lub cev no. Tib neeg tsis xav tau cov mis nyuj kom noj qab nyob zoo; tag nrho cov as-ham tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom noj cog qoob loo. Los ntawm kev mus rau cov nroj tsuag, peb tiv thaiv kev txom nyem tsis tsim nyog thiab pab nyuj ua neej nyob tsis muaj kev siv, tsis yog yuam lawv mus rau hauv lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cev xeeb tub, sib cais, thiab rho tawm cov mis nyuj.
Chickens nteg qe lawm, yog dab tsi?
Thaum nws muaj tseeb tias hens ib txwm nteg qe, cov qe tib neeg yuav hauv khw muag khoom yuav luag tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntuj. Hauv kev tsim cov qe, hens tau khaws cia rau hauv cov neeg coob coob, feem ntau tsis tso cai rau taug kev sab nraud, thiab lawv cov cwj pwm ntuj raug txwv hnyav heev. Txhawm rau kom lawv tso rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo, lawv raug yuam kom bred thiab tswj xyuas, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, mob, thiab kev txom nyem.
Txiv neej qaib, uas tsis tuaj yeem nteg qe, feem ntau raug tua sai tom qab hatching, feem ntau los ntawm txoj kev phem xws li kev sib tsoo los yog ua pa. Txawm tias cov hens uas muaj sia nyob ntawm lub qe kev lag luam raug tua thaum lawv cov khoom lag luam poob qis, feem ntau tom qab tsuas yog ib lossis ob xyoos, txawm tias lawv lub neej muaj sia nyob ntev dua.
Xaiv cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa qhov kev siv dag zog no. Tib neeg tsis xav tau qe rau kev noj qab haus huv - tag nrho cov khoom noj tseem ceeb hauv cov qe tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Los ntawm kev mus rau cov nroj tsuag, peb pab tiv thaiv kev txom nyem rau ntau lab tus qaib txhua xyoo thiab tso cai rau lawv nyob dawb los ntawm kev yuam kom rov tsim dua, kaw, thiab tuag ntxov.
Tsis yog yaj yuav tsum tau txiav?
Cov yaj ua ib txwm loj hlob ntaub plaub, tab sis lub tswv yim tias lawv xav tau tib neeg los txiav lawv yog qhov yuam kev. Cov yaj tau xaiv bred ntau pua xyoo los tsim cov ntaub plaub ntau dua li lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv qus. Yog tias sab laug mus ua neej nyob, lawv cov ntaub plaub yuav loj hlob ntawm tus nqi tswj tau, lossis lawv yuav poob nws. Kev lag luam yaj ua liaj ua teb tau tsim cov tsiaj uas tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg vim tias lawv cov ntaub plaub loj hlob ntau dhau thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv hnyav xws li kev kis kab mob, teeb meem kev txav mus los, thiab kub dhau.
Txawm tias nyob rau hauv "tib neeg" wool ua liaj ua teb, shearing yog stressful, feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv rushed los yog tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb tej yam kev mob, thiab tej zaum ua los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas lis cov yaj roughly. Txiv neej lambs tej zaum yuav raug castrated, tails docked, thiab ewes forcibly impregnated kom wool ntau lawm.
Xaiv txoj kev ua neej raws li cov nroj tsuag tsis txhob txhawb cov kev coj ua no. Wool tsis tsim nyog rau tib neeg txoj sia nyob - muaj ntau yam kev ruaj ntseg, tsis muaj kev lim hiam xws li paj rwb, hemp, xyoob, thiab cov fibers siv dua tshiab. Los ntawm kev mus rau cov nroj tsuag, peb txo qis kev txom nyem rau ntau lab tus yaj yug tsiaj kom tau nyiaj thiab tso cai rau lawv nyob ywj pheej, ib txwm muaj, thiab nyab xeeb.
Tab sis kuv tsuas yog noj cov nqaij thiab cov nqaij dawb, cov mis nyuj thiab qe xwb.
Nws yog ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas "organic" lossis "free-range" tsiaj cov khoom tsis muaj kev txom nyem. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws dawb-ntaub los yog organic ua liaj ua teb, tsiaj txhu tseem raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntuj. Piv txwv li, ntau txhiab tus hens yuav khaws cia rau hauv cov tsev uas tsuas yog siv sab nraum zoov xwb. Txiv neej qaib, suav hais tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub qe tsim, raug tua nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm ntawm hatching. Calves raug cais los ntawm lawv niam sai sai tom qab yug me nyuam, thiab txiv neej calves raug tua vim lawv tsim tsis tau mis nyuj los yog tsis haum rau nqaij. Npua, ducks, thiab lwm yam tsiaj ua liaj ua teb zoo ib yam li tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo, thiab txhua tus raug tua thaum nws tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua li ua kom lawv ciaj sia.
Txawm hais tias cov tsiaj "yuav" muaj kev nyob zoo me ntsis dua li hauv cov chaw ua liaj ua teb, lawv tseem raug kev txom nyem thiab tuag ntxov ntxov. Free-range lossis organic labels tsis hloov qhov tseeb: cov tsiaj no tsuas yog siv los tua thiab tua rau tib neeg noj.
Kuj tseem muaj qhov tseeb ntawm ib puag ncig: kev cia siab tsuas yog rau cov organic lossis cov nqaij dawb-ntau yam tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Nws xav tau ntau thaj av thiab cov peev txheej ntau dua li kev noj zaub mov noj, thiab kev siv dav dav tseem yuav ua rau rov qab mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb hnyav.
Tsuas yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo, kev ncaj ncees, thiab kev xaiv kom ruaj khov yog kom tsis txhob noj nqaij, mis nyuj, thiab qe nkaus. Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cov nroj tsuag tsis txhob muaj kev txom nyem tsiaj, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv - txhua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Koj yuav tsum ua kom koj tus miv lossis dev mus vegan?
Yog - nrog rau kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov dev thiab miv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo.
Cov dev yog omnivores thiab tau hloov zuj zus dhau 10,000 xyoo dhau los nrog tib neeg. Tsis zoo li hma, dev muaj cov noob rau cov enzymes xws li amylase thiab maltase, uas tso cai rau lawv zom cov carbohydrates thiab starches zoo. Lawv lub plab microbiome kuj muaj cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem cov zaub mov hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsim qee cov amino acids ib txwm tau los ntawm cov nqaij. Nrog rau kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, ntxiv cov nroj tsuag, cov dev tuaj yeem vam meej yam tsis muaj tsiaj txhu.
Miv, raws li obligate carnivores, xav tau cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv cov nqaij, xws li taurine, vitamin A, thiab qee cov amino acids. Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb tsim cov khoom noj miv cov zaub mov muaj xws li cov as-ham los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ntxhia, thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Qhov no tsis yog "tsis zoo" ntau dua li pub mis tuna lossis nqaij nyug los ntawm cov chaw ua liaj ua teb - uas feem ntau cuam tshuam txog kab mob thiab kev txom nyem tsiaj.
Kev npaj kom zoo, ntxiv cov khoom noj cog qoob loo tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev nyab xeeb rau dev thiab miv xwb tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem noj qab haus huv dua li cov zaub mov raws li cov lus pom zoo - thiab nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm kev txo qhov kev thov rau kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv:
- Knight, A., & Leitsberger, M. (2016). Vegan tiv thaiv cov khoom noj raws li cov nqaij tsiaj: Kev tshuaj xyuas. Tsiaj txhu (Basel).
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/6/9/57 - Brown, WY, et al. (2022). Kev noj zaub mov kom txaus ntawm cov zaub mov vegan rau cov tsiaj. Phau ntawv Journal of Animal Science.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9860667/ - Lub koom haum Vegan - Vegan Tsiaj
https://www.vegansociety.com/news/blog/vegan-animal-diets-facts-and-myths
Peb yuav ua li cas rau tag nrho cov qaib, nyuj, thiab npua yog tias txhua tus txais kev noj zaub mov?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias kev hloov pauv yuav tsis tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj. Raws li ntau tus neeg hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov noj, qhov kev thov rau nqaij, mis nyuj, thiab qe yuav maj mam txo. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav teb los ntawm kev yug tsiaj tsawg thiab hloov mus rau lwm hom kev ua liaj ua teb, xws li cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab nplej.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no txhais tau tias tsawg dua tsiaj yuav yug los rau hauv lub neej ntawm kev kaw thiab kev txom nyem. Cov uas nyob twj ywm yuav muaj lub cib fim nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntuj tso, tib neeg tej yam kev mob. Tsis yog ib qho teeb meem tam sim ntawd, lub ntiaj teb kev txav mus rau kev noj zaub mov zoo tso cai rau kev hloov pauv mus zuj zus, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tsiaj, ib puag ncig, thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Yuav ua li cas noj zib mu?
Ntau yam kev lag luam beekeeping kev ua phem rau bees. Poj huab tais tej zaum yuav muaj lawv cov tis txiav los yog muab cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm muv tuaj yeem raug tua lossis raug mob thaum tuav thiab thauj. Thaum tib neeg tau sau zib mu ntau txhiab xyoo, niaj hnub kev tsim khoom loj ua rau muv zoo li cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb.
Hmoov zoo, muaj ntau yam kev cog qoob loo uas cia koj txaus siab rau qhov qab zib yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau muv, suav nrog:
Rice syrup - Ib qho me me, nruab nrab qab zib ua los ntawm cov nplej siav.
Molasses - Ib tug tuab, nplua nuj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muab tau los ntawm qab zib los yog qab zib beet.
Sorghum - Ib qho qab zib syrup nrog me ntsis tangy tsw.
Sucanat - Unrefined cane qab zib khaws cia ntuj molasses rau tsw thiab as-ham.
Barley malt - Ib qho khoom qab zib ua los ntawm sprouted barley, feem ntau siv hauv ci thiab dej haus.
Maple syrup - Ib qho khoom qab zib classic los ntawm cov kua txiv ntawm maple ntoo, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tsw thiab minerals.
Organic cane qab zib - Ntshiab cane qab zib ua tiav yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo concentrates - Natural sweeteners ua los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muab cov vitamins thiab antioxidants.
Los ntawm kev xaiv cov kev xaiv no, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov khoom qab zib hauv koj cov zaub mov thaum tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij rau cov muv thiab txhawb kev muaj kev hlub tshua thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Ua cas liam kuv? Kuv tsis tua tsiaj.
Nws tsis yog hais txog kev cem koj tus kheej, tab sis koj cov kev xaiv ncaj qha txhawb kev tua. Txhua zaus koj yuav nqaij, mis nyuj, los yog qe, koj tau them ib tug neeg coj lub neej. Txoj cai yuav tsis yog koj li, tab sis koj cov nyiaj ua rau nws tshwm sim. Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cov nroj tsuag yog tib txoj hauv kev los txwv tsis pub nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem no.
Puas yog nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj kev ua liaj ua teb zoo thiab muaj kev ncaj ncees, zoo li cov nqaij organic lossis hauv zos, mis nyuj, lossis qe?
Txawm hais tias kev ua liaj ua teb organic lossis hauv zos yuav zoo li kev coj noj coj ua, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb tseem zoo ib yam. Kev yug tsiaj rau zaub mov yog qhov muaj peev xwm siv tau - nws xav tau ntau thaj av, dej, thiab lub zog ntau dua li cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ncaj qha rau tib neeg noj. Txawm tias "zoo tshaj" ua liaj ua teb tseem tsim cov pa hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv tsev cog khoom, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hav zoov, thiab tsim cov khib nyiab thiab ua paug.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav txog kev coj ncaj ncees, cov ntawv sau xws li "organic," "free-range," lossis "tib neeg" tsis hloov qhov tseeb tias cov tsiaj raug bred, tswj, thiab thaum kawg tua tau ntev ua ntej lawv lub neej. Lub neej zoo yuav txawv me ntsis, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam: kev siv thiab tua.
Kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab kev coj ncaj ncees tiag tiag yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Xaiv cov zaub mov raws li cog yuav txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, txuag cov peev txheej, thiab zam kev txom nyem tsiaj - cov txiaj ntsig uas tsiaj ua liaj ua teb, txawm li cas los xij "sustainable" nws yog kev lag luam, tsis muaj peev xwm muab tau.
