Intangiriro
Mu gice cyagutse cy’ubuhinzi bw’amafi bugezweho, aho inyanja zihurira n’inganda, ukuri guhungabanya kwihishe munsi y’ubutaka: kubaho kwagutse kandi kugarukira ku binyabuzima byo mu nyanja bihingwa. Mu gihe inyokomuntu igenda yishingikiriza ku bworozi bw'amafi kugira ngo ishobore gukenera ibikomoka ku nyanja, ingaruka z’imyitwarire n'ibidukikije muri uru ruganda byibanze cyane.
Muri iyi nyandiko, twibanze ku mbogamizi zinyuranye zihura n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja byahinzwe, dushakisha umubare w’umubiri n’imitekerereze yo kubaho kwabo. Turasuzuma ingaruka ku buzima bwabo no kumererwa neza kwabo, ibitekerezo byimyitwarire bituruka kubifata nkibicuruzwa, ningaruka nini z’ibidukikije bigenda byangiza ibidukikije. Binyuze muri ubu bushakashatsi, duhura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa mu nganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amafi, dushyigikira ibikorwa byibanze ku mibereho y’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bihingwa ndetse no gukomeza gutanga ibikomoka ku nyanja.
Dore impamvu ubworozi bwamafi bumeze nkubuhinzi bwuruganda
Kugereranya hagati y’ubworozi bw’amafi n’imirima y’uruganda biratangaje, bigaragaza byinshi bifitanye isano n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, n’ibibazo by’ubutabera. Dore impamvu ubworozi bw'amafi busa na bagenzi babo bashingiye kubutaka:
- Ku Murima w'Amafi, Amatungo arababara cyane
- Amafi Yuzuye Abantu Ibihumbi mirongo kumurima
- Imirima minini y’amafi Yororoka Ahantu ho gutera indwara
- Ubworozi bw'amafi bwanduza kandi bwangiza ibidukikije
- Ubworozi bw'amafi bukoresha abaturage bahejejwe inyuma
Ukurikije ibyo bisa, biragaragara ko ubworozi bw’amafi busangiye byinshi mu bijyanye n’imyitwarire, ibidukikije, n’imibereho myiza ijyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda.
Ahantu hagufi
Mu bigo by’amafi, ibiremwa byo mu nyanja nkamafi, urusenda, na mollusque bikunze kuzamurwa ahantu huzuye ibintu byinshi, bisa n’uturere twinshi two mu mijyi. Iyi myanya ifunzwe igabanya ingendo zabo nimyitwarire karemano, ibabuza umudendezo wo gutembera no gucukumbura ibibakikije. Urugero, amafi akunze kubikwa mu kato cyangwa mu bigega aho bafite umwanya muto wo koga mu bwisanzure, biganisha ku guhangayika, kutagira imitsi, no kwandura indwara.
Ingaruka ku buzima bw'umubiri
Ibihe bigoye mu bigo by’amafi bigira uruhare mu bibazo bitandukanye by’ubuzima hagati y’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bihingwa. Umwanya muto wongera amarushanwa kubutunzi nkibiryo na ogisijeni, biganisha ku mikurire idahwitse nimirire mibi. Byongeye kandi, kwegeranya ibicuruzwa biva mu bigega byuzuyemo abantu birashobora guteza ibidukikije bifite ubumara, bikabangamira ubudahangarwa bw’inyamaswa kandi bikongera umubare w’impfu. Byongeye kandi, ubwinshi bw’ibigega byorohereza ikwirakwizwa rya parasite na virusi, bikenera gukoresha antibiyotike n’indi miti, bikabangamira ubuzima bw’inyamaswa n’ubuzima bwa muntu.
Guhangayikishwa na psychologiya
Kurenga imbogamizi z'umubiri, kwifungisha byatewe n'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bihingwa nabyo bitera akababaro ka psychologiya. Amoko menshi y’amafi na crustaceans arasabana cyane kandi afite ubushobozi bwubwenge bwo kumenya , nyamara bahatirwa kubaho mu bwigunge cyangwa mumatsinda manini adasanzwe adafite urwego rwimibereho. Uku kubura imikoranire yabantu no gutunganya ibidukikije biganisha ku kurambirwa, guhangayika, nimyitwarire idasanzwe nka stereotypies, aho inyamaswa zisubiramo inshuro nyinshi ibikorwa bidafite intego nkuburyo bwo guhangana.
Ibitekerezo by'Ubworozi
Ingaruka zimyitwarire yo gufunga ibiremwa byo mu nyanja muri sisitemu y’amafi ni ndende. Izi nyamaswa, nubwo zifite ubushobozi bwo kubabara no kubabara, akenshi zifatwa nkibicuruzwa gusa, bihabwa agaciro gusa kubukungu. Kwirengagiza imibereho yabo bitera kwibaza ku nshingano zacu zishingiye ku myifatire yacu ku biremwa bifite imyumvire kandi bikanga igitekerezo cyo gutanga umusaruro urambye. Mugihe abaguzi bagenda barushaho kumenya ibyo bibazo, hagenda hagaragara igitutu ku nganda z’amafi kugira ngo bakore ibikorwa bya kimuntu kandi bashyire imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Ingaruka z’ibidukikije za sisitemu y’amafi magufi irenze imipaka y’ibikorwa ubwabyo. Guhunga amoko y’ubuhinzi mu gasozi birashobora guhungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no guhungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kavukire binyuze mu guhatana, guhiga, no kwanduza indwara. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha cyane antibiyotike n’imiti mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’amafi bigira uruhare mu kwanduza amazi no kuvuka kwa virusi itera imiti, bikangiza ubuzima bw’ibidukikije.
Amafi Yumva Ububabare
Mubyukuri, ibimenyetso bishyigikira igitekerezo cyuko amafi yumva ububabare bukomeye kandi butandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bwerekanye urumuri rugoye rw’imyumvire n’imyakura y’amafi, rugaragaza isano iri hagati y’inyamabere n’abantu. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi:
- Isano rya Neurologiya : Amafi afite imitsi yihariye yitwa nociceptors, igaragaza ibintu bishobora kwangiza nkubushyuhe, umuvuduko, hamwe nimiti. Izi nociceptors zifitanye isano numugongo nubwonko, bituma amafi abona kandi agasubiza ububabare. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubwonko bw’amafi burimo imiterere isa n’abagize uruhare mu gutunganya ububabare bw’inyamabere, byerekana ko bafite ubushobozi bwo kubabara mu buryo busa n’intangangabo zo hejuru.
- Ibisubizo byimyitwarire : Kwitegereza imyitwarire y amafi mugusubiza ibitera ubumara bitanga ibimenyetso bifatika byubushobozi bwabo bwo kumva ububabare. Iyo bikorewe ibintu bibabaza, nko guhura n’imiti ya acide cyangwa yangiza, amafi agaragaza imyitwarire yerekana akababaro, harimo koga bidakwiye, guhumeka neza, no kugerageza gutoroka. Byongeye kandi, amafi yagiye agaragara kugirango yirinde ahantu bahuye nububabare cyangwa kutamererwa neza, bagaragaza imyitwarire yo kwanga nkibiboneka mu yandi matungo.
- Ibisubizo bya Physiologique : Impinduka zumubiri zijyana no guhura nibitera ububabare bikomeza gushyigikira igitekerezo kivuga ko amafi agira ububabare. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwiyongera kwa hormone zo guhangayika nka cortisol mu mafi ziterwa no gukanguka kwangiza, byerekana ko guhangayikishwa na physiologique bihuye nuburambe bwububabare nububabare.
- Ibisubizo bya Analgesic : Nkuko bimeze ku nyamaswa z’inyamabere, amafi yerekana ibisubizo ku miti idakira igabanya ububabare. Ubuyobozi bwibintu bigabanya ububabare, nka morphine cyangwa lidocaine, byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibisubizo bya nociceptive no kugabanya imyitwarire ijyanye nububabare mu mafi, bitanga ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubabara.
- Ubwihindurize : Dufatiye ku bwihindurize, ubushobozi bwo kubona ububabare butanga ibyiza byo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bukaba nk'uburyo bwo kuburira kwirinda ingaruka mbi no guteza imbere kubaho. Urebye ibisekuruza by’amafi hamwe nizindi nyababyeyi, birakwiriye kwemeza ko byahinduye uburyo busa bwo kumva ububabare no kubisubiza.
Ukurikije ibyo bimenyetso, igitekerezo kivuga ko amafi ashoboye kugira ububabare yemerwa cyane mu bahanga n’inzobere mu mibereho y’inyamaswa. Kwemera ubushobozi bwamafi yo guhura nibibazo bitera gutekereza kubijyanye nubuvuzi bwabo mubice bitandukanye, harimo ubworozi bwamafi, uburobyi bwidagadura, nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Nkuko imyumvire yacu yo kumenya amafi n'imibereho ikomeje kugenda itera imbere, niko natwe imyifatire yacu nimikorere yacu kuri ibi biremwa bifite imyumvire.
Umwanzuro
Ikibazo cy’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja byahinzwe mu bihe bigoye kandi bigarukira bishimangira ko hakenewe ivugururwa ryihuse mu nganda z’amafi. Imbaraga zo kunoza imibereho y’inyamaswa , kugabanya ubwinshi bw’imigabane, no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi karemano ni ngombwa kugira ngo imibabaro yatewe n’ibi biremwa. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo no kumenyekanisha abaguzi birashobora gutuma hakenerwa ibiribwa byo mu nyanja bikomoka ku moko kandi bigashishikarizwa guhindura inganda mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi bw’amafi arambye kandi y’impuhwe. Gusa dushyize imbere imibereho myiza yibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bihingwa dushobora rwose kugera ku nganda zo mu nyanja zangiza ibidukikije kandi zita ku bidukikije.
