Inkwavu zikunze kugaragazwa nkikimenyetso cyinzirakarengane nubupfura, gushushanya amakarita yo kubasuhuza hamwe nibitabo byabana. Nyamara, inyuma yuru ruhande rwiza hari ukuri gukabije kuri miliyoni zinkwavu zahinzwe kwisi yose. Izi nyamaswa zibabazwa cyane mwizina ryinyungu, ibibazo byabo akenshi birengagizwa hagati yinsanganyamatsiko yagutse ku mibereho yinyamaswa. Iyi nyandiko igamije kumurika ububabare bwibagiwe ninkwavu zahinzwe, gusuzuma imiterere bihanganira ningaruka zimyitwarire yabyo.
Ubuzima busanzwe bw'inkwavu
Inkwavu, nk'inyamaswa zihiga, zahinduye imyitwarire yihariye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere kugira ngo ibeho aho ituye. Nibimera cyane cyane ibyatsi, birisha ibimera bitandukanye, kandi birakora cyane mugitondo na nimugoroba kugirango birinde inyamaswa zangiza. Iyo hejuru yubutaka, inkwavu zigaragaza imyitwarire yo kuba maso, nko kwicara ku maguru yinyuma kugirango isuzume akaga no kwishingikiriza kumyumvire yabo ikaze yumunuko no kureba neza.
Ibiranga umubiri, harimo amaguru yinyuma akomeye n'umuvuduko udasanzwe no kwihuta, bituma inkwavu zihunga inyamaswa zifite imbaraga zidasanzwe. Barashobora kwiruka ku muvuduko wa kilometero 35 mu isaha bagasimbuka inzitizi zirenga metero imwe.
Usibye ubuhanga bwabo bwumubiri, inkwavu ninyamaswa zisabana cyane, ziba mumiryango izwi nka warrens. Aya matsinda mubisanzwe agizwe nabagore benshi, abagabo, nuruvyaro rwabo, bagabana urusobe rwimyobo kugirango bakingire. Muri warren, inkwavu zishora mu gutunganya no kurengera akarere kabo kurwanya inyamaswa n’inkwavu zihanganye.
Muri rusange, imyitwarire yinkwavu nimbonezamubano byahujwe neza kugirango bibeho mu gasozi, byerekana uburyo budasanzwe bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere nk'ubwoko.
Ubworozi bw'urukwavu muri iki gihe
Buri mwaka, inkwavu zigera kuri miriyari zibagirwa ku isi hose kubera inyama, aho hejuru ya 50% by'iyi mibare itangaje yaturutse mu Bushinwa, nk'uko imibare ya FAOSTAT 2017 ibigaragaza. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, inkwavu zigera kuri miliyoni 180 zihura n’iherezo ryazo ryo kurya inyama buri mwaka, zigizwe na miliyoni 120 ziva mu mirima y’ubucuruzi na miliyoni 60 ziva mu gikari. Espagne, Ubufaransa, n'Ubutaliyani bigaragara nkabagize uruhare runini muri uyu mubare muri EU. Ikigaragara ni uko inkwavu zororerwa mu bucuruzi zigera kuri 94% mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi zihanganira gufungirwa mu kato gato, katarimo ingumba, nk'uko byatangajwe na komisiyo y’Uburayi mu 2016.
Ukuri kuri izi nkwavu ni ukubuza cyane imyitwarire yabo isanzwe kubera kwifungira muri utwo dusimba. Ubwo buryo bukomeye bwo guhinga buganisha ku mibereho myiza, inkwavu zikagira ibibazo byinshi no kubura.
Inganda
Inganda zubuhinzi bwurukwavu zikorera mururubuga rugoye rwinyungu zubukungu, akenshi rutwikiriye impungenge zubuzima bwinyamaswa. Ubworozi bw'inkwavu, nubwo butagaragara cyane kandi buganirwaho ugereranije n'inganda nk'inkoko cyangwa inka, bukora intego zitandukanye, cyane cyane zishingiye ku nyama, ubwoya, n'ubushakashatsi.
Umusaruro w'inyama: Inyama z'urukwavu, zizwi ku izina rya "urukwavu" cyangwa "coniglio," zifatwa nk'ibyokurya mu mico myinshi. Ubworozi bw'inkwavu butanga umusaruro w'inyama mubusanzwe burimo ubworozi bukomeye hamwe nuburyo bwo kwifungisha bugamije kongera umusaruro ninyungu. Ibi bikorwa bikunze gushyira imbere ubwinshi kuruta ubwiza, biganisha ku bihe byuzuye kandi n’imibereho mibi y’inyamaswa.
Guhinga ubwoya bw'ubwoya: ubwoya bw'urukwavu, bufite agaciro kubera ubworoherane bwarwo ndetse no kuburizamo ibintu, bukoreshwa mu gukora imyenda, ibikoresho, ndetse no gutema. Inkwavu za Angora, zororerwa cyane kubera ubwoya bwazo buhebuje, butegeka igiciro kinini mu nganda zerekana imideli. Nyamara, inzira yo kubona ubwoya bwa angora akenshi ikubiyemo ibikorwa byubugome, nko gukuramo ubuzima no gufungirwa mu kato, biganisha ku nyamaswa nyinshi.
Ubushakashatsi no Kwipimisha: Inkwavu nazo zikoreshwa cyane mubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima no gupima, cyane cyane mubice nko guteza imbere imiti, uburozi, no gupima ibikoresho byubuvuzi. Izi nyamaswa zikorerwa inzira nubushakashatsi butandukanye, akenshi zirimo ububabare, umubabaro, amaherezo, euthanasiya. Nubwo ubwo bushakashatsi bushobora gutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubumenyi, butera kwibaza kubijyanye nugukoresha inyamaswa kubwinyungu zabantu no gukenera ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu.
Inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’urukwavu zikora mu buryo butagengwa kandi butagaragara, ku buryo bigoye gusuzuma urugero nyarwo rw’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa. Kutagira umurongo ngenderwaho wimibereho myiza hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura bituma ibikorwa byogushyira imbere inyungu zunguka kuruta imibereho yinyamaswa.
Byongeye kandi, isi yose ikenera ibicuruzwa by'urukwavu bikomeza uruzinduko rwo kubabazwa no kubabazwa, bigatuma inganda ziyongera kandi ibibazo by’imibereho byiyongera. Mugihe ubukangurambaga bwabaguzi bugenda bwiyongera hamwe nibitekerezo byimyitwarire bigenda byiyongera, harahamagarwa gukorera mu mucyo no gukorera mu mucyo murwego rwubuhinzi bwurukwavu.
Mu gusoza, inganda z’ubuhinzi bwurukwavu zikubiyemo imirenge itandukanye, buriwese ufite ibitekerezo byihariye bijyanye n'imibereho myiza. Mu gihe sosiyete ihanganye n’ingaruka zijyanye n’imyitwarire y’inyamaswa, hakenewe cyane ko hashyirwaho amategeko, gukorera mu mucyo, n’ubundi buryo bw’imyitwarire mu nganda. Gusa binyuze mu mbaraga zishyizwe hamwe kugirango dushyire imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa n’imyitwarire myiza dushobora kugabanya imibabaro yatewe ninkwavu zahinzwe kandi tugaharanira ejo hazaza h’impuhwe kandi zirambye.
Ibisabwa
Imiterere aho inkwavu zororerwa zibikwa akenshi usanga ziteye ubwoba kandi zuzuye abantu. Byinshi bigarukira kumugozi winsinga, bitanga umwanya muto wo kugenda cyangwa imyitwarire isanzwe. Utuzu dusanzwe dushyirwa hejuru yundi mumasuka manini, bikavamo cacophony y amajwi atesha umutwe hamwe nibidukikije bidahwema guhangayikisha inyamaswa. Inkwavu nyinshi zibabazwa no gukomeretsa insinga, biganisha ku mibabaro nk'ibisebe.
Byongeye kandi, ubworozi bukoreshwa mu bworozi bw'urukwavu bushyira imbere ubwinshi kuruta ubwiza, biganisha ku bibazo byinshi by'ubuzima mu nyamaswa. Ubworozi bwatoranijwe kugirango bukure vuba kandi nigipimo kinini cyimyororokere akenshi bivamo ubumuga bwa skeletale, ibibazo byumutima nimiyoboro, hamwe nubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Byongeye kandi, kubura ubuvuzi bwamatungo ningamba zo gukumira byongera ububabare bwibi biremwa bimaze kwibasirwa.
Gutemwa
Kwica inkwavu zahinzwe ni inzira mbi irangwa nuburyo butandukanye, buriwese afite urugero rwimibabaro ningaruka zimyitwarire.
Bumwe mu buryo bukunze kugaragara ni ukuvunika intoki, aho abakozi bafata urukwavu amaguru yinyuma bakamufata ijosi ku gahato, bigaragara ko bagamije urupfu rwihuse kandi rutababara. Nyamara, ubu buryo bukunze kwibasirwa namakosa yabantu, kandi niba bidakozwe neza, birashobora kuvamo imibabaro myinshi nububabare bwinyamaswa.
Ubundi buryo bukubiyemo kwimura inkondo y'umura, aho ijosi ry'urukwavu rirambuye ku gahato cyangwa rikazunguruka kugira ngo ribe uruti rw'umugongo, biganisha ku bwenge no gupfa vuba.
Mu bigo bimwe na bimwe, inkwavu zirashobora gutungurwa mbere yo kubaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'amashanyarazi cyangwa ubukanishi kugirango utume ubwenge. Nubwo igitangaza kigabanya imibabaro muguhindura inyamaswa kutumva ububabare, ntabwo buri gihe iba nziza, kandi ibihe byo gutangaza ibintu bidakunze kubaho ntibisanzwe, bigatuma inyamaswa zifite ubwenge zikorerwa nyuma yubwicanyi.
Ukurikije igitangaza, inkwavu zirakabije, ni ukuvuga ko amaraso yabo ava mumibiri yabo. Iyi nzira igamije kwihutisha urupfu no koroshya kuvana amaraso kumurambo. Ariko, niba igitangaza kitagize icyo kigeraho cyangwa niba gukabya bidakozwe vuba, inkwavu zirashobora kugarura ubwenge mugihe cyo kuva amaraso, bikagira ububabare bukabije nububabare.
Byongeye kandi, ibintu bibera mu ibagiro akenshi byongera imihangayiko n'ubwoba byatewe n'inkwavu, kuko ziterwa n'urusaku rwinshi, ibidukikije bitamenyerewe, ndetse no kuba hari izindi nyamaswa zibabaye. Ibidukikije birashobora kongera amaganya yabo kandi bigatuma inzira yo kubaga irushaho guhahamuka.
Muri rusange, iyicwa ryinkwavu zahinzwe zirangwa nuburyo butandukanye, buriwese afite ingaruka zumuco hamwe nubushobozi bwo guteza imibabaro.
Imyitwarire myiza
Gukoresha inkwavu zahinzwe bitera impungenge zikomeye zidusaba kwitabwaho. Nkibiremwa bifite ubushobozi bushobora guhura nububabare, ubwoba, nububabare, inkwavu zikwiye guhabwa uburenganzira bwibanze nuburinzi. Ubugome buri gihe bakorewe mu gushaka inyungu ni ikintu cyibutsa byimazeyo aho umuryango wacu utabona kandi ko dukeneye impuhwe n’impuhwe nyinshi ku binyabuzima byose.
Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bwurukwavu ntizishobora kwirengagizwa. Gufunga cyane inkwavu ahantu huzuye abantu bigira uruhare mu guhumana, kwangiza aho gutura, no kugabanuka k'umutungo kamere. Byongeye kandi, kurya inyama z'urukwavu bikomeza uruziga rusabwa rutera gukoreshwa no kubabara.
Ibindi bisubizo
Gukemura ikibazo cy'inkwavu zahinzwe bisaba inzira zinyuranye zikubiyemo ivugurura ry'amategeko, imyumvire y'abaguzi, ndetse no gutekereza ku myitwarire. Guverinoma zigomba gushyiraho amategeko akomeye kugira ngo inyamaswa zita ku bantu mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi, harimo no kubuza ibikorwa byo kwifungisha bikabije no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame y’imibereho myiza.
Abaguzi, nabo bafite uruhare runini muguhindura impinduka muguhitamo neza no gushyigikira ubundi buryo bwiza kandi burambye kubicuruzwa bisanzwe byurukwavu. Guhitamo ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera cyangwa gushaka ibicuruzwa biva mu bumenyi bw’ikiremwamuntu birashobora kugabanya kugabanya inyama z’inkwavu zororerwa mu ruganda no guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’impuhwe.
Byongeye kandi, guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa n’imibereho binyuze mu burezi no guharanira inyungu birashobora gukangurira abantu kumenya imibabaro yibagiwe y’inkwavu zahinzwe kandi bigashishikarizwa guhuriza hamwe isi igororotse kandi yuzuye impuhwe ku biremwa byose.
Niki Nshobora Gufasha?
Inkwavu ni ibiremwa byimibereho kandi byunvikana, bishobora gushiraho ubumwe bwimbitse kandi bikagira amarangamutima atandukanye. Nyamara, zaba zororerwa inyama, ubwoya, imurikagurisha, cyangwa ubushakashatsi, inkwavu zagenewe gukoreshwa n'abantu zihanganira ubuzima bwuzuyemo ibibazo no kwamburwa. Ubuhinzi bwa Bunny, bukunze kuvugwa ko bushobora kuba ubukungu, mubyukuri butanga inyungu nkeya mugihe busaba akazi gakabije kandi bugakomeza gukoresha inzirakarengane zitabarika.
Igihe kirageze cyo kwihagararaho no gukora itandukaniro. Mu guharanira ko inkwavu ziva mu nganda z’ubuhinzi no ku masahani y’abantu, dushobora kwihatira kugana isi yuzuye impuhwe kuri aya matungo yoroheje. Binyuze mu burezi, guharanira, no gushyigikira ubundi buryo bwimyitwarire, dushobora guhangana uko ibintu bimeze kandi tugateza imbere kubaha ibinyabuzima byose. Twese hamwe, turashobora gushiraho ejo hazaza aho inkwavu zihabwa agaciro kubwagaciro kabo, aho kubonwa nkibicuruzwa bigomba gukoreshwa kubwinyungu zabantu.
