Isingeniso
Iningi lezinkomo ezikhuliselwe imboni yobisi zibhekene neqiniso elihluke kakhulu. Zivalelwe ezindaweni ezixineneyo, ziphucwa ikhono lokufeza izidingo zazo eziyisisekelo, njengokunakekela amathole azo, ngisho nangesikhathi esifushane. Esikhundleni sokuphathwa ngesithunzi, zibhekwa nje njengemishini ekhiqiza ubisi. Njengoba zilawulwa yizakhi zofuzo, lezi zinkomo zingase zinikezwe ama-antibiotic nama-hormone ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Lokhu kuphishekela inzuzo okungapheli kuza ngengozi yenhlalakahle yezinkomo, okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi zomzimba nezingokomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobisi oluvela kulezi zilwane ezihluphekayo kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezingozi ezengeziwe zesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, nezinye izifo ezahlukahlukene kubantu. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi izinkomo zibhekene nokuhlupheka okukhulu kula mapulazi, abantu abadla ubisi lwabo babeka impilo yabo engozini ngokungaqondile.
Kule ndatshana, sizohlola amaqiniso amnyama okulima ubisi, sigxile ekuxhashazweni kwezinkomo zobisi ukuze sizuze ngokwezentengiselwano.
Imboni Yobisi
Izinkomo ngokwemvelo zikhiqiza ubisi ukuze zondle amaphuphu azo, okubonisa isimo sengqondo sikamama esibonakala kubantu. Kodwa-ke, embonini yobisi, lokhu kuxhumana okungokwemvelo phakathi kukamama nethole kuyaphazamiseka. Amathole ahlukaniswa nonina zingakapheli izinsuku zokuzalwa, okuwaphuca isikhathi esibalulekile sokubopha nokukhulisa nonina. Esikhundleni sokuthola ubisi lonina, anikwa izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sobisi, ezivame ukufaka izithako ezifana negazi lezinkomo, njengoba ubisi lonina luphambukiselwa ekusetshenzisweni ngabantu.
Izinkomo zesifazane emapulazini obisi zidlula emjikelezweni ongapheli wokufakelwa isidoda ngokwenziwa ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwazo kokuqala. Ngemva kokubeletha, zinikezwa ukuncelisa okuqhubekayo cishe izinyanga eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuba ziphinde zifake isidoda, okuqhuba umjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kobisi. Izimo lapho lezi zinkomo zigcinwa khona ziyahlukahluka, kodwa eziningi zibekezelela ukuphila kokuvalelwa nokuswela. Ezinye zivalelwe phansi kokhonkolo, kanti ezinye zivalelwe ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu, zihlala phakathi kwemfucuza yazo. Izambulo ezishaqisayo ezivela kubaphenyi kanye nophenyo ngamapulazi obisi ziveze izimo ezimbi. Isibonelo, ipulazi lobisi eNorth Carolina ladalulwa ngokuphoqa izinkomo ukuba zidle, zihambe, futhi zilale emfucumfucwini ofika emadolweni, okwaholela ekuvalweni kwalo. Ngokufanayo, ipulazi lasePennsylvania elihlinzeka ngobisi lokukhiqiza ushizi eMaryland latholakala linezinkomo ezizigingqa emqubeni wazo ezibayeni ezingcolile ezingenazo izimpahla zokulala ezanele. Izinkomo ezingaphezu kwengxenye ezibikiwe zazinezimbotshana zemilenze ezivuvukele, ezinezilonda noma zazingenazo izinwele—ubufakazi obubi bokuhlupheka lezi zilwane ezikubekezelelayo.
Lezi zindaba ezidabukisayo zikhanyisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezinkomo zobisi ngendlela ehlelekile embonini.
Ukuxhashazwa Kwezinkomo Zobisi
Enye yezindlela ezimbi kakhulu zokuxhashazwa embonini yobisi umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ophoqelelwa ezinkomeni zobisi. Ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kobisi, izinkomo zifakwa isidoda ngokwenziwa ngemuva nje kokubeletha, okuqhuba umjikelezo wokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ohlala isikhathi eside empilweni yazo. Lokhu kucindezeleka okuqhubekayo emizimbeni yazo kuholela ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, kanye nokwanda kokuthambekela ezifweni ezifana ne-mastitis kanye nokukhubazeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kwamathole nonina kuyinto evamile embonini yobisi, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nobuhlungu kokubili ezinkomeni kanye nasezinganeni zazo. Amathole avame ukuthathwa konina ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa, okuwaphuca ukunakekelwa komama kanye nokondleka akudingayo ukuze akhule kahle. Amathole esifazane avame ukukhuliswa ukuze abe izinkomo zobisi ngokwawo, kuyilapho amathole esilisa ethengiswa ukuze afuywe ngenyama yenkomo noma ahlatshwe ukuze afuywe ngenyama yenkomo, okugqamisa unya olungokwemvelo kanye nokuxhashazwa okukhona embonini yobisi.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
Ngaphezu kokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha okuphathelene nokuxhashazwa kwezinkomo zobisi, imboni yobisi nayo inemiphumela ebalulekile kwezemvelo . Imisebenzi emikhulu yokulima ubisi inegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa okushisa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa okunamandla kwezitshalo zokudla ezifana nesoya nommbila wezinkomo zobisi nakho kubeka ingcindezi emhlabeni kanye nemithombo yamanzi, okucindezela kakhulu imvelo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Imizimba Yabantu Ilwa Nobisi Lwenkomo
Ukudla ubisi lwenkomo ngaphambi kobuntwana kuyinto eyingqayizivele kubantu nasezilwaneni ezihambisana nabantu ezikhuliswa ngabantu. Emhlabeni wemvelo, alukho uhlobo oluqhubeka luphuza ubisi luze lube selukhulile, ingasaphathwa eyobisi lolunye uhlobo. Ubisi lwenkomo, olufanelekela kahle izidingo zokudla okunempilo zamathole, luyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhula kwawo okusheshayo nokukhula kwawo. Amathole, ahlonyiswe ngezisu ezine, angazuza amakhulu amakhilogremu zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngokuvamile adlule amakhilogremu ayi-1,000 ngaphambi kokufinyelela eminyakeni emibili.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, ubisi lwenkomo luhilelekile ezinkingeni ezahlukene zezempilo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Luphakathi kwezimbangela eziphambili zokungezwani nokudla kuleli qembu labantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi baqala ukukhiqiza inani eliphansi le-lactase, i-enzyme edingekayo ekugayweni kobisi, besebancane ngeminyaka emibili. Lokhu kwehla kungaholela ekungabekezelelani i-lactose, kuthinte izigidi zabantu baseMelika. Okushaqisayo ukuthi ukungabekezelelani i-lactose kuthinta amaqembu athile ezinhlanga ngokungalingani, lapho cishe amaphesenti angama-95 abantu baseMelika base-Asia kanye namaphesenti angama-80 abantu bomdabu kanye nabase-Afrika baseMelika abathintekile. Izimpawu zokungabekezelelani i-lactose zingasukela ekungakhululeki njengokuqunjelwa, igesi, kanye nokuqaqamba kwamalunga kuya ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengokuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqubuka, kanye ne-asthma.
Izifundo zigcizelele izinzuzo zokususa ubisi ekudleni komuntu. Ucwaningo lwase-UK lubonise ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwezempilo phakathi kwabantu abahlushwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, i-asthma, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla lapho besusa ubisi ekudleni kwabo. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokusetshenziswa kobisi lwenkomo empilweni yabantu futhi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokucabangela ezinye izindlela ezihambisana nezidingo zokudla komuntu ngamunye kanye nezinto azithandayo.
Izinganekwane zeCalcium kanye namaProtheyini
Naphezu kokudla inani elikhulu le-calcium, abesifazane baseMelika babhekene namazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-osteoporosis uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ukusetshenziswa kobisi kungase kunganikeli izinzuzo zokuvikela lesi sifo njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili; kunalokho, kungase kwandise ingozi. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yi-Harvard Nurses' Study ehilela abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-77,000 abaneminyaka engu-34 kuya ku-59, eyembula ukuthi labo abaphuza izingilazi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zobisi nsuku zonke babenengozi ephezulu yokuphuka izinqe nezingalo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abaphuza ingilazi eyodwa noma ngaphansi ngosuku.
Lokhu okutholakele kuphikisa umbono wokuthi imikhiqizo yobisi iyimithombo ebalulekile yamaprotheni. Eqinisweni, abantu bangathola wonke amaprotheni abawadingayo emithonjeni eyahlukahlukene esuselwe ezitshalweni njengamantongomane, imbewu, imvubelo, okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, kanye nemifino. Eqinisweni, ukugcina ukudla okwanele kwamaprotheni akuvamile ukuba yinkinga kubantu abalandela ukudla okulinganiselayo, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana ne-United States lapho ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni, okwaziwa nangokuthi “kwashiorkor,” kungavamile kakhulu. Ukuntuleka okunjalo kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezithintekile ukuntuleka kokudla okukhulu kanye nendlala.
Lokhu kuqonda kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlola kabusha izinkolelo zokudla ezivamile nokuhlola eminye imithombo yokudla okunempilo engakhuthaza impilo yonke kanye nenhlalakahle ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kobisi. Ngokwamukela ukudla okuhlukahlukene nokugxile ezitshalweni, abantu bangahlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokudla okunempilo ngenkathi benciphisa izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Ongakwenza
Ukuze kube nomehluko obalulekile empilweni yezinkomo ezihluphekayo emapulazini efektri, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokugwema ukuthenga ubisi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi. Ukwamukela ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kunikeza ikhambi elinozwelo nelihlala isikhathi eside. Ubisi oluvela ezitshalweni, oluqiniswe ngezakhamzimba ezibalulekile njenge-calcium, amavithamini, insimbi, i-zinc, kanye namaprotheni, lusebenza njengezinto ezithatha indawo ezinhle kakhulu ngaphandle kwemiphumela elimazayo ye-cholesterol etholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi.
