Okwezilwane
Ndawonke, sakha umhlaba lapho izinkukhu, izinkomo, izingulube, nazo zonke izilwane zibonwa njengezidalwa ezinomzwelo—ezikwazi ukuzwa, ezifanele inkululeko. Futhi ngeke simise size kube khona lowo mhlaba.
Ukubandezeleka Okuthule
Ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe yamasimu efekthri, izigidigidi zezilwane zihlala ebumnyameni nasobuhlungwini. Bazwa, ubumnandi, futhi bafise ukuphila, kodwa ukukhala kwabo akulwiwa.
Amaqiniso Okubalulekile:
- Amacenge, amacenge ahlanzekile angenayo inkululeko yokunyakaza noma ukuveza isimilo semvelo.
- Omama bahlukaniswa nezingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa ngaphakathi kwamahora, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu.
- Izinzingo ezinjenge-debeaking, ukudotshwa komsila, nokuzalanisa okuphoqelelwe.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni wokukhula kanye nokondliwa okungokwemvelo ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa.
- Ukuhlaba ngaphambi kokufinyelela ubudala bemvelo.
- Ukuhlupheka kwengqondo ngenxa yokuvalelwa kanye nokwahlukaniswa.
- Abaningi bafa ngenxa yokulimala okungalapheki noma izifo ngenxa yokunganakwa.
Zizwa. Zihlupheka. Zifanele Ukuphathwa Kangcono.
Ukuqeda Ukubulawa Kwezilwane Emhayweni kanye Nokuhlupheka Kwezilwane
Emhlabeni wonke, izigidigidi zezilwane zihlupheka emasimini efekthri. Zivalelwe, zilimazwe, futhi zinganakwa ngenxa yenzuzo kanye nesiko. Inombolo ngayinye imele impilo yangempela: ingulube efuna ukudlala, inkukhu ezwa ukwesaba, inkomo eyakha ubuhlobo obuseduze. Lezi zilwane azizona imishini noma imikhiqizo. Zizilwane ezinomzwelo futhi zifanela isithunzi nokuhlanzeka.
Leli khasi likhombisa lokho lezi zilwane ezibhekana nakho. Kuveza ubulungwe ekulimeni kwezasendle nakwezinye izimboni zokudla ezixhaphaza izilwane ngobuningi. Lawa masistimu awalimazi nje kuphela izilwane kodwa futhi alimaza imvelo futhi asongela impilo yomphakathi. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, lokhu kuyindlela yokwenza. Uma sesiyazi iqiniso, kunzima ukukuziba. Lapho siqonda ubuhlungu bazo, singasiza ngokwenza izinqumo ezisimeme futhi sikhethe ukudla okususelwe ezitshalweni. Ndawonye, singanciphisa ukubandezeleka kwezilwane futhi sakhe umhlaba onenhliziyo enhle, onemsindo.
Ngaphakathi Kwefekthri Yezolimo
Ongakufuni Ukubona
Isingeniso Ekulinyeni Kwefekthri
Iyini ifekthri yezolimo?
Njalo ngonyaka, izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyinhlanu emhlabeni jikelele zibulawa inyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Lokhu kufinyelela kumakhulu ezigidi nsuku zonke. Iningi lalezi zilwane zikhuliswa ezindaweni ezincane, ezingcolile, nezicindezelayo. Lezi zikhungo zibizwa ngokuthi amafekthri.
Ukulima kwezasendle kuyindlela yezimboni yokukhuliswa kwezilwane egxile ekusebenzeni kahle nenzuzo hhayi enzephilelo zazo. E-UK, manje sekukhona ngaphezu kuka-1,800 kwalokhu kusebenza, futhi le nombolo iya ngokuya ikhula. Izilwane kulezi zindawo zihlaliswa ezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu ezinokuthile okuncane noma kungabi bikho ukuthuthukiswa, futhi ngokuvamile zintula izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zenhlalakahle.
Akukho ufakazo olutholwa kuyo yonke indawo yefama yezilwane zasendlini. E-UK, umsebenzi wokufuya izilwane uthathwa njengowe 'ngokweqile' uma ugcina izinkukhu ezingaphezu kuka 40,000, izingulube ezingama 2,000, noma izingulube zesifazane ezizalayo eziyi 750. Amafemu ezinkomo azikhathazi kakhulu kulolu hlelo. E-US, le migaqo emikhulu ibizwa ngokuthi yi Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). Isakhiwo esisodwa singakwazi ukubamba izinkukhu eziyizidleke eziyi 125,000, izinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda eziyi 82,000, izingulube eziyi 2,500, noma izinkomo zenyama eziyi 1,000.
Emhlabeni jikelele, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izilwane ezilinywa ezintathu kwezine zikhuliswa emasimini efekthri, okubalelwa ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 ngesikhathi esinso.
Nakuba izimo ziyahluka ngokwesilwane kanye nezwe, ukulima izilwane ngokuvamile kususa izilwane endleleni yazo yemvelo kanye nendawo yazo. Esikhathini esidlule sasuselwa emhayweni omncane, osemndenini, ezolimo zesimanje sezilwane ziye zaphenduka imodeli ejwayele ukwenza inzuzo efana nokukhiqiza imishini. Kulezi zinhlelo, izilwane zingase zingakaze zibone ukukhanya kwemini, zihambe otshanini, noma zenze ngokwemvelo.
Ukwandisa umphumela, izilwane zivame ukukhethwa ngokukhethekile ukuba zikhule zibe zinkulu noma zikhiqize ubisi oluningi noma amaqanda amaningi kunokuba imizimba yazo ingakwazi ukuphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi bahlangabezana nobuhlungu obungapheli, ukukhubazeka, noma ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba. Ukungabi nasikhala kanye nenhlanzeko kuvame ukuholela ekuqubukeni kwezifo, okubangela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze nje kugcinwe izilwane zisaphila zize zihlengwe.
Ukulima kwefektri kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu—hhayi nje enzezenweni zezilwane, kodwa nasemhlabeni wethu nasempilweni yethu. Kunomthelela ekulimaleni kwemvelo, kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, futhi kubeka engcupheni yokuthi kube khona ubhubhane olungaba khona. Ukulima kwefektri kuyinkinga ethinta izilwane, abantu, nemvelo ngokufanayo.
Kwenzekani Emhayweni Wezilwane?
Ukwelapha okungelona elomuntu
Ukulima kwamafekthri kuvame ukubandakanya izinzingo eziningi ezibhekwa njengezingenakwenziwa. Nakuba abaholi bezimboni bangase baphikise ubuciko, izinzingo ezivamile—njengokuhlukanisa amathole koomama, izincedo ezibuhlungu njengokuchithwa ngaphandle kokudambisa ubuhlungu, nokwenqaba izilwane noma yikuphi ukuzizwisa kwangaphandle—kudweba isithombe esibi. Kwabameli abaningi, ukuhlupheka okujwayelekile kulezi zinhlelo kukhombisa ukuthi ukulima kwamafekthri kanye nokuphathwa kahle akuhambisani.
Izilwane zivalelwe
Ukuthintitha okukhulu kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulima efekthri. Kubangela ukukhatheka, ukucasuka, nokucindezeleka okukhulu ezilwaneni. Izinkomo zobisi ezisezitendeni zokubopha ziboshwe endaweni imini nobusuku, zinezindlela ezimbalwa zokunyakaza. Ngenkathi zisezindlwini ezikhululekile, izimpilo zabo zisetshenziswa ngokuphelele endlini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izilwane ezithinjiwe zihlupheka kakhulu kunalezo ezikhuliswe endle. Izidleke ezibekela amaqanda zifakwe emagesini ebhetri, ngalinye linikezwa isikhala esiningi njengephepha. Izingulube ezizalayo zifakwa emathinini okukhulelwa okuncane kangangokuthi zingakwazi nokuziphendulela, zibhekana nalo mkhawulo ngesikhathi esiningi sezimpilo zabo.
Ukunciphisa Amazinyo Ezidleke
Izinkukhu zithembele emincwabadini yazo ukuze ziphenye indawo ezihlala kuyo, njengoba nje futhi sisebenzisa izandla zethu. Emafakameni ezinkukhu eziminyene, nokho, ukugqobhoza kwazo kungaba nolaka, kubangele ukulimala nokudla izilwane. Esikhundleni sokunikeza isikhala esiningi, abakhiqizi bavame ukusika ingxenye yomncwabada ngethulu elishisayo, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-debeaking. Lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu ngokushesha nangokungapheli. Izinkukhu ezihlala ezindaweni zemvelo azidingi le nqubo, okubonisa ukuthi ukulima izinkukhu ngendlela yefamu kwenza izinkinga ezizama ukuziqeda.
Izinkomo nezingulube zinqunywa imisila
Izilwane emasimini efekthri, njengezinkomo, izingulube, nezimbuzi, ngokuvamile ziba nemizimba yazo isuswe—inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukusikwa kwemizimba. Le nqubo ebuhlungu ngokuvamile yenziwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, okubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu. Ezinye izifunda zabuvimbela ngokuphelele lokhu ngenxa yezinto ezikhathazayo mayelana nokuhlupheka isikhathi eside. Ezingulubeni, ukusikwa komzila kuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukulunywa komzila—ukuziphatha okubangelwa ukucindezeleka nokukhatheleka kwezimo zokuhlala ngokweqile. Ukususa isiqu somzila noma ukubangela ubuhlungu kukholakala ukuthi kwenza izingulube zingabi lula ukuluma nomandla. Ezinkomweni, umsebenzi wenziwa kakhulu ukwenza ukukhanda kube lula kubasebenzi. Ngenkathi abanye embonini yobisi bephawula ukuthi kuthuthukisa inhlanzeko, izifundo eziningi ziye zabuza lezi zinzuzo futhi zabonisa ukuthi inqubo ingase ibe yingozi kakhulu kunokuba ilunge.
Ukuguqulwa kofuzo
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo emasimini efekthri kuvame ukubandakanya ukuzalanisa izilwane ngokukhetha ukuthuthukisa izici ezizuzisa ukukhiqizwa. Isibonelo, izinkukhu ze-broiler zifuywa ukuba zikhule amabele amakhulu ngokungavamile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sabathengi. Kodwa lokhu kukhula okungokwemvelo kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu obuhlangene, ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba, kanye nokuncipha kokunyakaza. Kwezinye izimo, izinkomo zifuywa ngaphandle kwezandla ukuze zilingane nezilwane eziningi ezindaweni eziminyene. Nakuba lokhu kungase kwandise ukusebenza kahle, kunyanya ukunganaki ibhayoloji yemvelo yesilwane futhi kunciphisa izinga lempilo yabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinqubo ezinjalo zokuzalanisa zinciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo, okwenza izilwane zibe sengozini enkulu yezifo. Kubantu abaningi bezilwane ezicishe zifane, amagciwane angasakazeka ngokushesha futhi aguquke kalula - abeke engcupheni hhayi izilwane kuphela kodwa nempilo yabantu.
Yiziphi Izilwane Ezifuyelwa Ifekthri?
Amathanga yizilwane ezilinywa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esinso, kunamathanga abukhoma angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu inani labantu. Ngo-2023, amathanga angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-76 abulewe emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi lalezi zilwane zihlala impilo yazo emfushane emazijini ahlukeneyo, lapho kungenakwenziwa khona izinto zemvelo, lapho kungekho khona indawo eyanele kanye nenhlalakahle eyisisekelo.
Nezingulube zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yezolimo zezimboni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani ingxenye yezingulube zomhlaba zikhuliswa emasimini efekthri. Eziningi zizalwa ngaphakathi kwamabokisi ensimbi aqinsile futhi zichithe impilo yazo yonke ezindaweni ezingenalutho ezinakho ukuvuleka okuncane noma okungenakho konke ukunyakaza ngaphambi kokuthi zithunyelwe ekubulaweni. Lezi zilwane ezihlakaniphile kakhulu zivame ukuphucwa ukuthuthukiswa futhi zihlupheka kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Izinkomo, ezikhuliselwe ubisi nenyama, nazo zithintwa. Izinkomo eziningi ezinhlelweni zezimboni zihlala endlini ezindaweni ezingcolile, eziminyene. Abanakho ukufinyelela endaweni yokudla futhi hhayi kudla. Banangconywa ukuxhumana nabantu futhi bathathe ithuba lokunakekela inzalo yabo. Izimpilo zabo zigxile ekwenzeni imigomo yokukhiqiza esikhundleni sokuphila kwabo.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezaziwayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinye izilwane nazo zisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwezasendle. Onogwaja, onamazinyo, amahobe, nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, kanye nezinhlanzi namaqamu, azalaniswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni ezifanayo.
Ikakhulukazi, ukulima kwezinhlanzi nokunye ukuphila emanzini - ukufuya izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini - sekukhule ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Yize imvamisa kungabonakali ezinkulumweni mayelana nezolimo lwezilwane, ukulima kwezinhlanzi manje sekudlula ukubamba izinhlanzi zasendle ekukhiqizeni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2022, kwebhekililitha eziyizigidi eziyi-185 zezilwane zasemanzini ezakhiqizwa emhlabeni jikelele, ama-51% (amagremu ezintathu eziyizigidi ezingama-94) zavela emasimini ezinhlanzi, ngenkathi ama-49% (amagremu ezintathu eziyizigidi ezingama-91) bevela ekubambeni kwasendle. Lezi zinhlanzi ezifuywayo zivame ukukhuliswa emathangeni abantu abaningi noma olwandle, ngekhwalithi yamanzi ebuthakathaka, amazinga okuphazamiseka okuphezulu, kanye nekhanda elincane noma elingenalutho lokubhukuda ngokukhululeka.
Noma ngabe emhlabeni noma emanzini, ukwanda kwamafemu efekthri kuqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezithintekayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokuguqula indlela ukudla kukhiqizwa ngayo.
Izinkomba
- Umhlaba Ngedatha. 2025. Zingaki izilwane ezilinywa ngendlela ye-factory? Itholakala ku:
https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-animals-are-factory-farmed - I-World in Data. 2025. Inani lamathanga, kusukela ngo-1961 kuya ku-2022. Itholakala ku:
https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/animal-welfare - FAOSTAT. 2025. Izitshalo nemikhiqizo yezilwane. Itholakala ku:
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ - Umsizi Wezolimo Lomhlaba. 2025 Incolobane Yezingulube. 2015. Itholakala ku:
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/pigs/pig-welfare/ - Inhlangano Yokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe (FAO). 2018. Isimo Sokudoba Nokulinywa Kwezilwane Zasemanzini 2024. Itholakala ku:
https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-world-fisheries-and-aquaculture/en
Inani Lezilwane Ezibulawa
Zingaki izilwane ezibulawa emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke ngenxa yenyama, izinhlanzi, noma izilwane zasemanzini?
Njalo ngonyaka, cishe izilwane zasemhlabeni eziyizinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezingama-83 zibulawa ngenxa yenyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingabalwa zibulawe—izinombolo ezinkulu kangangokuthi zivame ukulinganiswa ngesisindo kunokuba ziphile njengabantu ngabanye.
Izilwane Zomhlaba
Izinkukhu
75,208,676,000
Amahobe
515,228,000
Izinyathi kanye namagemshe
637,269,688
Izingulube
1,491,997,360
Izinkomo
308,640,252
Onamazinyo
3,190,336,000
Igoose neGuinea Fowl
750,032,000
Izinyathi
504,135,884
Amahhashi
4,650,017
Onogwaja
533,489,000
Izilwane Zasemanzini
Izinhlanzi Zasendle
1.1 kuya ku-2.2 trillion
Ayifaki ukudoba okungemthetho, ukulahla kanye nokudoba okufihlakele
Izilwane Zasemanzini Zasolwandle
Ama-trillions amaningi
Izinhlanzi Ezifuyiwe
Izingiwili eziyizinkulungwane eziyi 124
Ama-crustaceans aphethwe
253 kuya ku-605 billion
Izinkomba
- IMood A kanye noBrooke P. 2024. Ukulinganisa izinombolo zomhlaba zezinhlanzi ezithunjwe zasendle minyaka yonke kusuka ngo 2000 kuya ku 2019. Inzondo Yezilwane. 33, e6.
- Inombolo yama-crustaceans akhuliswe.
https://fishcount.org.uk/fish-count-estimates-2/numbers-of-farmed-decapod-crustaceans.
Ukubulawa: Izilwane Zibulawa Kanjani?
Njalo ngosuku, cishe izilwane zasemhlabeni eziyizigidi ezingu-200—ezihlanganisa nezinkomo, izingulube, izimbuzi, izinkukhu, amaturkey, namadada—ziswa ezindaweni zokubulawa izilwane. Akekho noyedwa ohamba ngokuzikhethela, futhi akekho naloyedwa aphuma ephila.
Iyini indawo yokubulawa izilwane?
Indawo yokubulala izilwane iyindawo lapho izilwane ezifuyiwe zibulawa futhi imizimba yazo iphendulwe inyama neminye imikhiqizo. Le minyezi igxile ekusebenzeni kahle, ibeka isivinini kanye nokukhiqizwa ngaphambi kwenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilebula elikumkhiqizo wokugcina lithi—ngisho noma kungungu “free-range,” “organic,” noma “pasture-raised”—umphumela uyafana: ukufa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwesilwane esingazange sifune ukufa. Ayikho indlela yokubulala, noma ngabe iyini indlela esetshenziswayo, engasusa ubuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nokuhlupheka kwezilwane okubhekana nakho emizuzwini yazo yokugcina. Iningi lalezo ezibulawawe zizinyane, ezivame ukuba izingane noma intsha ngabantu, kanti ezinye zize zibe nezingane ngesikhathi sokubulawa.
Izilwane zibulawa kanjani ezindaweni zokubulalela izilwane?
Ukubulawa kwezilwane ezinkulu
Imithetho yezindlu zokubulawa kwezinyama idinga ukuthi izinkomo, izingulube, nezinyoni zibe "zingazi lutho" ngaphambi kokuthi iminqe yazo isikwe ukuze kubangele ukufa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi. Kodwa izindlela zokwenza izilwane zilahlekelwe ukwazi—ezaqalwa zenzelwe ukuba yingozi—kaningi ziyabulala, azithembekile, futhi zivame ukwehluleka. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane eziningi zihlala zazi kahle njengoba zopha zife.
Ukudubula Ngebolt Ebanjisiwe
I-Captive bolt iyindlela ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkomo zilahlekelwe ukwazi ngaphambi kokubulawa. Kubandakanya ukudubula induku yensimbi ekhanda lesilwane ukuze kubangele ukulimala kobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela kaningi iyaphutha, idinga imizamo eminingi futhi ishiye ezinye izilwane zazi kahle futhi zizwa ubuhlungu. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi akuthembekile futhi kungaholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu ngaphambi kokufa.
Ukuthunjwa Ngogesi
Kule ndlela, izingulube zifafazwa ngamanzi bese zishaywa ngogesi ekhanda ukuze zifakwe esimweni sokungaziwa. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele kuma-31% wezimo, okuholela ekutheni izingulube eziningi zihlale zazi ngesikhathi sokusikwa komphimbo. Le ndlela ibuye isetshenziswe ukuqeda amazinyane angafuneki, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ukudubula Ngegazi
Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukubeka izingulube emakamereni agcwele amazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide (CO₂), ehlose ukubenza bangazi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo iyahamba kancane, ingathembeki, futhi iyacasula kakhulu. Noma ngabe isebenza, ukuphefumula i-CO₂ ekhululekile kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukwesaba, nokuhlupheka kokuphefumula ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Ukuhlaba Izinkukhu
Ukuthunjwa Ngogesi
Izinkukhu nama-Turkeys ahlanganiswa phansi—ngokuvamile kubangele amathambo aphethwe—ngaphambi kokuthi adonswe ngokugeza ngamanzi kagesi okufanele kuwenze buthuntu. Indlela ayithembekile, futhi izinyoni eziningi zihlala ziqaphe lapho imiqala yazo isikwa noma lapho zifika ethangini lokubilisa, lapho ezinye zibiliswa ziphila.
Ukuhlaba ngegesi
Ezindlini zokubulawa kwezinyama zezinyoni, amabhokisi ezinyoni eziphilayo afakwa emakamereni egesi esebenzisa i-carbon dioxide noma amagesi angasebenzi njenge-argon. Yize i-CO₂ ibuhlungu kakhulu futhi ingasebenzi kahle ekwenzeni ukuthi izinyoni zilahlekelwe ukwazi uma kuqhathaniswa namagesi angasebenzi, ishibhile—ngakho-ke iseyikhetho elithandwayo lemboni yezokulima naphezu kokuhlupheka okungeziwe okubangelayo.
Kungani Ukufuywa Kwefekthri Kungabi Khona?
Ukufuywa kwefektri kubeka izinsongo ezinzima ezilwaneni, imvelo, nempilo yabantu. Kuthathwa kabanzi njengohlelo olungagciniwe olungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi eminyakeni ezayo.
Inkathalo yezilwane
Ukulima kwefektri kunyima izilwane ngisho nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo. Izingulube azikaze zizwe umhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo, izinkomo zikhatshulwa emmazinyweni, nezidakwa zivalelwe emanzini. Iningi labo bunikezelwa zisencane. Lelilokhu angeke lifihle ukuhlupheka—ngemuva kwalezo "izimpawu eziphakeme kakhulu" kuyinto yokuphila yokucindezeleka, ubuhlungu nokwesaba.
Umthelela kwezemvelo
Ukufuywa kwezinkukhu efektri kuyisiyonke esibi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyinto ebangela cishe ama-20% wokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni futhi idle amanzi amaningi—kokubili izilwane kanye nokudla kwazo. Lawa mafemu angcolisa imilando, abangele izindawo ezifile emlakweni, futhi abangele ukusika amahlathi amaningi, njengoba ingxenye yesithathu yazo yonke imbewu ikhula ukondla izilwane ezifuyiwe—kaningi emahlathini asikwa.
Impilo Yomphakathi
Ukufuywa kwezinkukhu efektri kuyisiyonke esiyingozi empilweni yomhlaba. Cishe ama-75% wemithi elwa namagciwane esetshenziswa ezilwaneni ezifuyiwe, okwandisa ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane okungadlala inani eliphakeme lokufa komhlaba ngo-2050. Amafemu ezilwane eziminyene, angcolile futhi adala izindawo ezifanelekile zokuzalela izifo ezizayo—okungase kube yingozi kakhulu kune-COVID-19. Ukuyeka ukufuywa kwezinkukhu efektri akusona nje isenzo sokuziphatha—kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekusindeni kwethu.
Izinkomba
- Xu X, Sharma P, Shu S et al. 2021. Ukukhishwa kwegesi yasezulwini ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke okuvela ekudleni okusekelwe ezilwaneni kungamaphesenti angama-50 kunalokho okuvela ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Nature Food. 2, 724-732. Itholakala ku:
http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0701e.pdf - Walsh, F. 2014. Amagciwane amabi abulala 'ngaphezu komdlavuza' ngo-2050. Itholakala ku:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30416844
Igalari yezithombe
Isexwayiso
Ingxenye elandelayo iqukethe okuqukethwe okuyisithombe okungase kuphazamise abanye ababukeli.
Amaqiniso
Frankenchickens
Zondliwe ngenkani, izinkukhu zenyama zikhula ngokushesha kangangokuthi imizimba yazo iyawa. Eziningi zihlupheka ngokwehluleka kwezitho—yikho leli gama elithi “Frankenchickens” noma “plofkips” (izinkukhu eziqhuma).
Ngemuva Kwemigqa
Bavalelwe emabokisini abakhulu kunemipilo yabo, izingulube ezikhulelwe zihlupheka ukukhulelwa konke zingakwazi ukunyakaza—ukuboshwa okubi kakhulu kwezidalwa ezihlakaniphile, ezinombono.
Ukubulawa Okuthule
Ezifuyweni zobisi, cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izinyane zibulawa ngoba zilobulili—zingezi kahle ukukhiqiza ubisi, zithathwa njengengabalulekile futhi zibulawe nge-veal emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa.
Ukuqeda amalunga
Imikhono, imisila, amazinyo, nezinzwane zinqunywa—ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia—kujwayele ukwenziwa lula ukuvalela izilwane ezindaweni eziminyene, ezicindezelayo. Ukuhlupheka akusona isiganeko—kodwa kuyakhiwa ohlelweni.
Izilwane Ekufuyweni Kwezilwane
Izinkinga Ezinganakiwe
Ukubulalwa Kwezilwane
Ukuhlolwa Kwezilwane
Izimpahla Zokugqoka
Izilwane Ezifuywayo
Ukuvalelwa
Ukuzijabulisa
Izinzingo Zokufuywa Kwezinkomo
Ukudla
Hlaba
Ezokuthutha
Izilwane Zasendle
Okwakamuva
Ukubandakanywa kwezilwane kuyinkinga ehlasela yonke imithelela eyenzeke emphakathini wethu amakhulu eminyaka. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ekudleni, ezingwenya, ezindabeni zokuzijabulisa,...
Njengoba kunyuka ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela emibi yemikhuba yethu yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke endaweni ezungezile kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane, izindlela zokuziphatha...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, igama elithi “bunny hugger” lisetshenziswe ukuhlekisa nokwehlisa labo abalwela amalungelo ezilwane...
Ulwandle luhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-70% wendawo yoMhlaba futhi luyindawo yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini. Ku...
Ukudla kweVegan kungaphezu kokukhetha nje ukudla—kumele kubhekwe njengomzamo wokuziphatha nokuziphatha ukunciphisa ukulimala nokukhuthaza...
Ukufuywa kwezilwane kuye kwaba yindlela ejwayelekile, eshintsha indlela abantu abaphatha ngayo izilwane nokwakha ubudlelwano bethu nazo...
Ukuqonda Kwezilwane
Ukufuywa kwezilwane kuye kwaba yindlela ejwayelekile, eshintsha indlela abantu abaphatha ngayo izilwane nokwakha ubudlelwano bethu nazo...
Onogwaja ngokuvamile bahlphealth, abasebenzayo, kanye nezilwane zomphakathi, kodwa njenganoma iyiphi isilwane esifuywayo, bangagula. Njengoba izilwane ezizingelayo,...
Izindawo zokubulawa izilwane ziyizindawo lapho izilwane zicutshungulwa khona inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bengazi...
Izingulube ziye zahlotshaniswa nempilo yepulazi isikhathi eside, zivame ukubukwa njengabantu abangcolile, abangenangqondo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva luyaphonsa inselelo kulokhu...
Inkathalo Yezilwane Namalungelo
Ukubandakanywa kwezilwane kuyinkinga ehlasela yonke imithelela eyenzeke emphakathini wethu amakhulu eminyaka. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ekudleni, ezingwenya, ezindabeni zokuzijabulisa,...
Njengoba kunyuka ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela emibi yemikhuba yethu yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke endaweni ezungezile kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane, izindlela zokuziphatha...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, igama elithi “bunny hugger” lisetshenziswe ukuhlekisa nokwehlisa labo abalwela amalungelo ezilwane...
Ukudla kweVegan kungaphezu kokukhetha nje ukudla—kumele kubhekwe njengomzamo wokuziphatha nokuziphatha ukunciphisa ukulimala nokukhuthaza...
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungelo ezilwane namalungelo abantu sekuyisikhathi eside buyinto yempikiswano yefilosofi, yezengqondo, neyemithetho. Ngenkathi...
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo wokulima ngamaseli, owaziwa nangokuthi inyama ekhulile, uthole ukunakwa okukhulu njengoba kungaba...
Ukulima Kwemboni
Ulwandle luhlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-70% wendawo yoMhlaba futhi luyindawo yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini. Ku...
Izinkukhu ezisinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zamashifu zamashishe noma amaqanda zivame ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okwengeziwe njengoba...
Ukudalula Okwesabekayo: Izindlela Ezingu-6 Zokuhlukumeza Izingulube Ezibekezelela Emasimini Efekthri
Ukufuya izilwane embonini, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulima izilwane ngendlela yezimboni, sekuyinto ejwayelekile ekukhiqizeni ukudla emhlabeni wonke. Ngenkathi kungase...
Izinkinga
Ukubandakanywa kwezilwane kuyinkinga ehlasela yonke imithelela eyenzeke emphakathini wethu amakhulu eminyaka. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ekudleni, ezingwenya, ezindabeni zokuzijabulisa,...
Ukufuywa kwezilwane kuye kwaba yindlela ejwayelekile, eshintsha indlela abantu abaphatha ngayo izilwane nokwakha ubudlelwano bethu nazo...
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezingane kanye nemithelela yaso yesikhathi eside kuye kwacutshungulwa kakhulu futhi kwabhalwa. Kodwa-ke, isici esisodwa esivame ukunganakwa ukuthi...
Ukuhlupheka kwezilwane kuyinkinga ejwayelekile evele yahlupha imithombo yamakhulu yeminyaka, nezilwane ezingenakubalwa ezinakho konakale ngokobundlobongela,...
Ukufuywa kwezaso, indlela yokufuya kakhulu futhi enezinga eliphezulu yezilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla, sekuyinto ekhathazayo kakhulu kwezemvelo....
