Ukulimala Kwezemvelo - Humane Foundation

Kulesi sigaba, thola ukuthi ukulima kwezilwane ezimbonini kukhuthaza kanjani ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngezinga elikhulu. Kusukela emigwaqweni engcolile yamanzi kuya kuzinhlelo zemvelo eziwayo, lesi sigaba siveza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi ukulima kwasefekthri kubeka kanjani engozini iplanethi esabelana ngayo sonke. Hlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yokulahlwa kwezinsiza, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nomthelela wokudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni enkingeni yesimo sezulu.
Ngemuva kwawo wonke amapulazi asetshenziswa kakhulu kunoxhaxha lwezingozi ezizungezile: amahlathi agawulwa ukuze kudliwe izilwane, izindawo zokuhlala ezicekelwa phansi ukuze kube amadlelo, kanye nenani elikhulu lamanzi nokusanhlamvu okuphambukiselwa imfuyo esikhundleni sabantu. Ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuvela ezintweni ezelusayo, ukugeleza komquba ofakwe amakhemikhali, kanye nezidingo zamandla zesiqandisi nezokuthutha konke kuyahlangana ukuze kwenze ukulima kwezilwane kube enye yezimboni ezilimaza kakhulu imvelo eMhlabeni. Ixhaphaza umhlaba, ikhipha amanzi, futhi ifaka ushevu ezimisweni zemvelo—ngenkathi icasha ngenkohliso yokusebenza kahle.
Ngokuhlola la maqiniso, siphoqeleka ukuthi singabuzi nje ukuthi izilwane ziphathwa kanjani, kodwa ukuthi ukukhetha kwethu ukudla kulilolonga kanjani ikusasa leplanethi. Ukulimala kwemvelo akuwona umthelela oseceleni okude—kuwumphumela oqondile wesistimu eyakhelwe phezu kokuxhashazwa kwabantu abaningi. Ukuqonda izinga lokucekeleka phansi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala soguquko, futhi lesi sigaba sinikeza ukukhanya ngesidingo esiphuthumayo sokudlulela kwezinye izindlela ezisimeme, nezinozwelo.

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka landa, nesidingo sokudla siyakhula. Omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamaprotheni ekudleni kwethu inyama, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kunemiphumela ephawulekayo yemvelo. Ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwesidingo senyama kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, okuwusongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala. Sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ezibangela ukwanda kwesidingo senyama, umthelela wokukhiqizwa kwenyama ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokudambisa lezi zinkinga. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, singasebenzela ukudala ikusasa elisimeme leplanethi yethu kanye nathi ngokwethu. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kunomthelela emazingeni okugawulwa kwamahlathi I…

Ukufuywa kwemfuyo bekuyingxenye esemqoka yempucuko yabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kuhlinzeka ngomthombo obalulekile wokudla nokuziphilisa emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula nokuqina kwale mboni emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kube nomthelela omkhulu empilweni nasekuhlukeni kwezinhlelo zemvelo zeplanethi yethu. Isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane, esiqhutshwa ukwanda kwabantu kanye nokushintsha okuthandwayo kokudla, kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kokufuywa kwemfuyo, okuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezibhekene nokushabalala kanye nemvelo eshintshwa ngendlela engenakulungiseka. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuthembela ekufuyweni ukuze siphile futhi sikhule komnotho, kubalulekile ukuhlola kanye nokubhekana nemiphumela yale mboni ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezahlukene ukulima kwemfuyo kube nomthelela ngayo ekulahlekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona ...

Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezezimboni, sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Le ndlela ifaka ukukhulisa inani elikhulu lemfuyo ezikhaleni ezivalekile, ngenhloso eyinhloko yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nenzuzo. Ngenkathi kungabonakala njengendlela ephumelelayo yokondla inani labantu abakhulayo, imithelela emibi yokulima efektri kwimvelo yendawo yendawo kanye nemvelo yonke ingenakunakwa. Ukusuka ekungcoleni kwemithombo yamanzi kuya ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zemvelo, imiphumela yale ndlela yezolimo ethuthukile ifinyelela kude futhi ilimaze. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehla sijule emiphumeleni emibi yokulima efektri kwimvelo yendawo, futhi sihlole izindlela esingaziqwashisa ngazo ngalolu daba lokucindezela. Ngokuqonda ubukhulu benkinga futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuyilungisa, singasebenzela ukudala uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunobungane bemvelo ...

Sawubona lapho, abathandi bezilwane nabangane abanolwazi! Namuhla, sizongena esihlokweni esingahle singabi mnandi kakhulu ukudingida, kepha munye obaluleke kakhulu: amapulazi efekthri. Le misebenzi enkulu ayisho nje ukukhiqiza ukudla ngezinga elikhulu - nabo badlala indima enkulu ekusakazeni izifo kanye nokulimala kwemvelo emvelweni. Ake sihlole uhlangothi olumnyama lokulima efektri nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ukudluliselwa kwezifo emapulazini efektri kungenye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu namapulazi efektri yindlela abangaba ngayo izizathu zokuzalela izifo. Bheka lokhu: Izilwane zigcwele ngokuqinile ezikhaleni ezivalekile, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ngezifo ukusakazeka njengomlilo wasendle. Ukusondela kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo zenza buthaka amasosha abo omzimba, kubenza bathambekele kakhulu ekufeni. Lokhu, nakho, kwandisa ubungozi bokudluliselwa kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane epulazini. Yini ngisho ...

Ulwandle luhlanganisa ngaphezulu kwama-70% omhlaba futhi luyikhaya lokuhlekisa ngempilo yasemanzini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sokudla kwasolwandle siholele ekukhuphukeni kwamapulazi olwandle namapulazi ezinhlanzi njengendlela yokudoba okuqhubekayo. Lawa mapulazi, abizwa nangokuthi ama-aquaculture, ajwayele ukubonwa njengesixazululo sokudoba ngokweqile nendlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso kukhona iqiniso elimnyama lomthelela lawa mapulazi anawo endalini yemvelo yasemanzini. Ngenkathi zingabonakala njengesixazululo ebusweni, iqiniso ukuthi amapulazi olwandle nama-fish angaba nemiphumela emibi emvelweni nasezilwaneni ezibiza ulwandle ekhaya. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehla ngokujulile emhlabeni wolwandle kanye nokulima izinhlanzi futhi siveze imiphumela efihliwe esisongela imvelo yethu engaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic nama-pesticides ku ...

Njengoba inani lomhlaba wonke liqhubeka nokwanda futhi isidingo sokudla sanda, imboni yezolimo ibhekene nengcindezi ekhuphuka ingcindezi yokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngenkathi igqugquzela umthelela wayo wezemvelo. Indawo eyodwa yokukhathazeka ukukhiqizwa kwenyama, okuxhunyaniswe neminikelo ebalulekile ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esithembisayo esithola ukugcwala emphakathini wezolimo sizolimo sezolimo. Lo mkhuba wokulima, osuselwa ezimisweni zokusimama kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo, ugxile ekwakheni inhlabathi enempilo nokubuyisela izinto eziphilayo. Ngokubeka phambili impilo yenhlabathi, ezolimo zokuvuselela amandla anamandla okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla ekhiqizwayo, kepha futhi anciphise imithelela emibi yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwenyama. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umqondo wezolimo kabusha kanye namandla ayo okubhekana nezinselelo zezemvelo ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama. Sizokwelulela isayensi ngemuva kwale ndlela yokulima, izinzuzo zayo, ...

I-nitrogen iyinto ebalulekile yokuphila emhlabeni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, lapho amanani aphezulu we-nitrogen engena imvelo, angaba nemiphumela elimazayo kwimvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Omunye wabanikeli abaphambili kulolu daba ngumkhakha wezolimo, ngokuqondile ezolimo zezilwane. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuphathwa kwemfuyo, okubandakanya izinkomo, izinkukhu nezingulube, zixhunyaniswe namazinga abalulekile ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Le nto yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umanyolo nomquba, ocebile eNitrogen, nasekukhuphukeni kwe-ammonia okukhiqizwa imfucuza yezilwane. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho-ke ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wezolimo zezilwane ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen, sihlolisise izimbangela, imiphumela, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona. Ngokuqonda lobu budlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi, ...

Ukulima efektri, indlela ethuthukile nenqwaba yokukhulisa izilwane ukukhiqizwa kokudla, sekuyinto ebalulekile yemvelo. Inqubo yezilwane ezikhiqiza ngobuningi zokudla ayikhuphuki kuphela imibuzo yokuziphatha ngenhlalonhle yezilwane kodwa futhi inomthelela omubi emhlabeni. Nawa amaqiniso ayi-11 abalulekile mayelana namapulazi efektri kanye nemiphumela yawo yezemvelo: Amapulazi awo angu-1- abamba amanzi aphuma efektri angomunye wabahlinzeki abaholayo ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa abamba ukushisa, ekhulula amanani amakhulu we-methane ne-nitrous oxide emkhathini. Lawa magesi anamandla amakhulu kune-carbon dioxide endimeni yawo ekushiseni komhlaba, nge-methane eneminyaka engaba ngu-28 ephumelela kakhudlwana ekushiseni ukushisa kweminyaka engu-100, futhi i-nitrous oxide cishe ama-298 amahlandla angama-298. Umthombo oyinhloko wokukhishwa kwe-methane epulazini efektri uvela ezilwaneni ezihlubukayo, njengezinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi, ezikhiqiza inqwaba ye-methane ngesikhathi sokugaya ...

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo oluthuthukile lokukhulisa imfuyo yokukhiqiza ukudla, kube yimikhosi yokushayela ngemuva kokudla komhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso bale mboni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enenzuzo kutholakala izindleko ezifihliwe nezibulalayo: Ukungcoliswa komoya. Ukukhishwa okuvela emapulazini asefekthri, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia, i-methane, udaba lokubandakanya, namanye amagesi amabi, kufaka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo emiphakathini yasendaweni kanye nabantu abaningi. Le ndlela yokuwohloka kwemvelo ivame ukunganakwa, kepha imiphumela yezempilo ifinyelela kude, okuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nezinye izimo zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Isilinganiso sokungcoliswa komoya ngamapulazi efektri efektri efektri anesibopho sengxenye enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya. Lezi zikhungo zihlala izinkulungwane zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile, lapho imfucuza inqamula ngamanani amakhulu. Njengoba izilwane zichitha imfucuza, amakhemikhali namagesi akhishwe emoyeni amunwa zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo. Ivolumu enkulu ...