Ukulimala Kwezemvelo - Humane Foundation

Kulesi sigaba, thola ukuthi ukulima kwezilwane ezimbonini kukhuthaza kanjani ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngezinga elikhulu. Kusukela emigwaqweni engcolile yamanzi kuya kuzinhlelo zemvelo eziwayo, lesi sigaba siveza konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuthi ukulima kwasefekthri kubeka kanjani engozini iplanethi esabelana ngayo sonke. Hlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yokulahlwa kwezinsiza, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nomthelela wokudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni enkingeni yesimo sezulu.
Ngemuva kwawo wonke amapulazi asetshenziswa kakhulu kunoxhaxha lwezingozi ezizungezile: amahlathi agawulwa ukuze kudliwe izilwane, izindawo zokuhlala ezicekelwa phansi ukuze kube amadlelo, kanye nenani elikhulu lamanzi nokusanhlamvu okuphambukiselwa imfuyo esikhundleni sabantu. Ukukhishwa kwe-methane okuvela ezintweni ezelusayo, ukugeleza komquba ofakwe amakhemikhali, kanye nezidingo zamandla zesiqandisi nezokuthutha konke kuyahlangana ukuze kwenze ukulima kwezilwane kube enye yezimboni ezilimaza kakhulu imvelo eMhlabeni. Ixhaphaza umhlaba, ikhipha amanzi, futhi ifaka ushevu ezimisweni zemvelo—ngenkathi icasha ngenkohliso yokusebenza kahle.
Ngokuhlola la maqiniso, siphoqeleka ukuthi singabuzi nje ukuthi izilwane ziphathwa kanjani, kodwa ukuthi ukukhetha kwethu ukudla kulilolonga kanjani ikusasa leplanethi. Ukulimala kwemvelo akuwona umthelela oseceleni okude—kuwumphumela oqondile wesistimu eyakhelwe phezu kokuxhashazwa kwabantu abaningi. Ukuqonda izinga lokucekeleka phansi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala soguquko, futhi lesi sigaba sinikeza ukukhanya ngesidingo esiphuthumayo sokudlulela kwezinye izindlela ezisimeme, nezinozwelo.

Ukulima efektri, itshe legumbi lenyama yezimboni nemikhiqizo yobisi, kuya ngokuya ligxekwa ngenxa yethonya laso elibi ngazo zombili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Ngale kwezingqinamba zokuziphatha okuhle ezungeze ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, le misebenzi iyizinhlanzi zezifo ze-Zoonotic, ukumelana namagciwane, kanye nokugula okubangelwa ukudla - okufaka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, izindlela zokuhlanzeka ezingezinhle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic ngokweqile akulimazi izilwane kodwa futhi kwakha izindlela zamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella no-E. Coli ukungcolisa ukudla kwethu. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwesihluku sezilwane emapulazini asefekthri kanye nemiphumela yaso yezempilo yomphakathi ebanzi ngenkathi kugqamisa izixazululo ezingaba khona ukukhuthaza indlela ephephile, enozwela

Uhambo lwezinkukhu ze-broiler kusuka ku-hatchery ipuleti kusihlwa lwembula izwe elifihlekile lokuhlupheka elivame ukunganakwa ngabathengi. Ngemuva kokusebenziseka kalula kwenkukhu engabizi kulele uhlelo ukukhula okusheshayo, izimo ezigcwele kakhulu, kanye nemikhuba evuselela amandla ebeka phambili inzuzo ngenhlala-kahle yezilwane. Le ndatshana ifaka izinselelo zokuziphatha, nemiphumela yezemvelo, nezinselelo ezinhle kakhulu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwemboni yenkukhu e-broiler, ukunxusa abafundi ukuthi babhekane nezindleko zangempela zokukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu eziningi. Ngokuhlola lezi zinto ezingokoqobo kanye nokuxhasa ushintsho, singathatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokudala uhlelo lokudla onozwela nolushubile

Ukumelana ne-antibiotic nokungcola okuvela ekungcoleni kwezolimo zezilwane kuyizinselelo eziphuthumayo zomhlaba ngemiphumela emide efinyelela kude yezempilo yomphakathi, imvelo, nokuphepha kokudla. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekulimazelweni kwemfuyo ukukhulisa ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo kufake isandla ekuphakameni okwethusayo kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezibalulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, imfucuza ephethwe kabi evela ku-Frecentrate Animal feed Operations (cafos) yethula ukungcola okuyingozi - kufaka phakathi izinsalela ezilwa namagciwane, ama-hormone kanye nezakhi zomzimba - ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Lokhu kungcoliswa kusongela impilo yasemanzini, iyekethisa ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi isheshisa ukusakazeka kwamagciwane amelana nezemvelo. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga zifuna izindlela zokulima ezizinzile ezibeka phambili izindlela zokuziphatha ezibekelwe izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic kanye namasu wokulawulwa kwenkuthalo okuqinile ukuvikela impilo yabantu futhi alondoloze ukulinganisela kwemvelo

Isifiso sokukhuphuka somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane siye saqhutshwa ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezolimo efektri, uhlelo luncike kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuphakelayo kwezimboni. Ngaphansi kwe-veneer yayo yokusebenza kahle kulele ukukhishwa kwemali okuthe xaxa, ukulahlekelwa yi-biodiversity, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi, kanye nokungcola kwamanzi kungenye nje yemithelela ebhubhisayo eboshelwe ukulima izilimo ze-monoculture njenge-soy kanye nommbila wokudla kwezilwane. Le mikhuba iqeda izinsiza zemvelo, i-erode yezempilo yenhlabathi, iphazamise imvelo, kanye nemithwalo yendawo ngenkathi kuqinisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola izindleko zemvelo zokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo kwezilwane zasemafulemini zasefekthri futhi zigqamisa ukucindezela kudingeka ukwamukela izixazululo ezizinzile ezivikela iplanethi yethu futhi kuthuthukise izindlela zozolimo zokulima

Izilwandle zethu, ezicebile empilweni nasezilwaneni eziphilayo, zibhekene nosongo okhulayo: ukwanda okusheshayo kwezindawo ezifile olwandle. Lezi zindawo, lapho amazinga we-oxygen plummet kanye nempilo yasolwandle engenakukhuleka khona, kuya ngokuya kuhambisana nomthelela wezemvelo wezolimo zezilwane. Kusuka kumanyolo runa kudala ama-algal blooms aqhakaza ukungcola kusuka ekungcoleni imfucumfucu kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphakelayo, izindlela zokulima izimboni zilimaza kakhulu i-Marine Ecosystems. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi izindlela zezolimo ezingafinyeleleki zifaka kanjani izimo ezifile olwandle futhi ziveze izixazululo ezisebenzisekayo - njengokuthola ukudla okususelwa kwizitshalo futhi kukhuthaza ukulima okuzinzile - kungasiza ukuvikela izilwane zethu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezizayo ezizayo

Ezolimo Ezolimo Zobuningi Kodwa-ke zivame ukunganakwa zibe nomthelela ekungcoleni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi abamba ukushisa, kudlula ngisho nomkhakha wezokuhamba emthonjeni wawo wezemvelo. Kusuka ekuphumeni kwe-methane exhumeke ekugayweni kwemfuyo ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kokulima amadlelo nokuphakelayo, lo mkhakha udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusheshiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwehla kwemvelo. Njengoba imizamo yomhlaba wonke iyaqina ukulwa nalezi zinselelo, ukuqonda ukuzonda kwemvelo kwenyama nemikhuba yobisi kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Lo mbhalo uhlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yezolimo zezilwane, aqokomisa izixazululo ezizinzile njengezindlela zokudla okuvuselelayo nokudla okususelwa ekudleni, futhi agcizelela indlela izinketho zabathengi ezaziyo eceleni kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni eziqinile angashayela ushintsho olunamandla ngokwengeziwe

Ngemuva kwemikhiqizo yenyama ehlanganiswe kahle ezitolo kukhona iqiniso elihluphayo: Ukuphishekela okungapheli kwenzuzo embonini yenyama kuza ngezindleko ezilimazayo enhlalakahleni yezilwane, imvelo kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Izigidigidi zezilwane ezinomqondo zikhuthazelela izimpilo ze-nya futhi zihlupheke emapulazini asemboni nasezindlini ezihlatshwayo, ziphathwe njengezisetshenziswa zokuphehla uhlelo olungagcineki. Le ndatshana ivimba izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukulimala kwemvelo, kanye nezingozi zempilo eziboshelwe ekukhiqizweni kwenyama yezimboni ngenkathi zigqamisa indlela izinqumo zabathengi aziswa ngayo indlela yekusasa elinozwela ngokwengeziwe futhi esimeme

Ukulima efektri kuqhamuke njengamandla amakhulu ekukhiqizeni kokudla komhlaba wonke, kepha ukutolika kwayo kwemvelo akunakwenzeka ukungakunaki. Isidingo esingapheli senyama, ubisi, namaqanda anciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu nokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, okunamahlathi asulwe ukuhlalisa amadlelo emfuyo futhi akhule izitshalo eziphilayo ezinjengesosi. Le mikhuba ayigcini nje ngokugxeka iplanethi yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kodwa futhi iqinisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokukhulula amanani amakhulu e-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi ukulima okufuywa kanjani kudonsela kanjani ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo futhi kuqokomisa izixazululo ezisebenzisekayo ezingavula indlela yezinhlelo zokudla ezinzile ngenkathi zivikela iplanethi yethu ebalulekile yeplanethi

Ukulima ifektri, noma ezolimo zezimboni, kuqhamuke njengebutho elivelele ekukhiqizeni ukudla, kodwa ukuphoqelelwa kwalo kwezemvelo emanzini nenhlabathi kuyashisa. Lolu hlelo olunzulu luthembele ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali, ama-antibiotic, kanye nemikhuba ye-monoculture ephazamisayo i-ecosystems kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Ukusuka ekungcolisweni kwamanzi ngamanzi anomsoco onothile wokukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi ngokugcwala ngokweqile nokuguguleka, imiphumela ye-ripple yomabili isondele futhi ethukuthele. Kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile kanye nokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala okukuvuselela ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukulima efektri kubeka izinselelo ezinkulu ekusimuseni. Ukuhlola le miphumela kuqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semikhuba ye-eco-ukuqaphela ukuvikela izinsiza ezibalulekile zeplanethi yethu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ezizayo

I-Veganism imelela ukuguquguquka okukhulu endleleni esibheka ngayo futhi siphatha kanjani izilwane, inselelo yezinhlelo ezigxile kakhulu zokuxhashazwa ngenkathi zithuthukisa ububele, ukulingana kanye nokusimama. Okungaphezu kokuncamelayo kokudla, kungumnyakazo ogxilile onqatshelwe ekulweni kwezilwane njengezimpahla. Ngokwamukela indlela yokuphila ye-vegan, abantu bathatha uhlangothi lokulwa nonya nokulimala kwezemvelo ngenkathi bebhekana nokungabi nabulungisa emphakathini oboshelwe kulezi zindlela zokuxhaphaza. Le philosophy ifuna ukuqaphela inani eliphakathi kwazo zonke izidalwa ezinomqondo futhi ligcizelela ushintsho olunengqondo lubheke ezweni elinobulungisa futhi elivumelanayo labantu, izilwane, kanye neplanethi ngokufanayo