Umthelela wokudla

Izinketho zokudla esizenzayo nsuku zonke zinemiphumela ejulile emhlabeni. Ukudla okunenqwaba yemikhiqizo yezilwane—njengenyama, ubisi namaqanda—kuphakathi kwezinto ezihamba phambili ezibangela ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, okunomthelela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuntuleka kwamanzi nokungcola. Ukulima kwemfuyo yasezimbonini kudinga inani elikhulu lomhlaba, amanzi, namandla, okuyenza ibe enye yezinhlelo ezidinga kakhulu izinsiza eMhlabeni. Ngokuphambene, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngokuvamile kufuna izinsiza zemvelo ezimbalwa futhi kukhiqize indawo ephansi kakhulu yemvelo.
Umthelela wemvelo wokudla udlula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukulima kakhulu kwezilwane kusheshisa ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuguqula amahlathi, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi nezikhotha zibe yizitshalo zokuphakelayo zokulima okukodwa, kuyilapho kungcolisa inhlabathi nemigudu yamanzi ngomanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, nemfucuza yezilwane. Le mikhuba ebhubhisayo ayiphazamisi nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo ezithambile kodwa futhi isongela ukulondeka kokudla ngokunciphisa ukuqina kwemithombo yemvelo edingekayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ngokuhlola ukuhlobana phakathi kwalokho esikudlayo kanye nenani lakho lemvelo, lesi sigaba sigqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokucabanga kabusha ngezinhlelo zokudla zomhlaba wonke. Igcizelela ukuthi ukushintshela emaphethini okudla okuzinzile—ukuthanda ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, kwesifunda, kanye nokudla okugaywe kancane—kungawunciphisa kanjani umonakalo wemvelo kuyilapho kuthuthukisa impilo yabantu. Ekugcineni, ukushintsha ukudla akukona nje ukukhetha komuntu siqu kodwa futhi kuyisenzo esinamandla somthwalo wemfanelo wendawo.

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka landa, nesidingo sokudla siyakhula. Omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamaprotheni ekudleni kwethu inyama, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva. Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kunemiphumela ephawulekayo yemvelo. Ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwesidingo senyama kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, okuwusongo olukhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala. Sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ezibangela ukwanda kwesidingo senyama, umthelela wokukhiqizwa kwenyama ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokudambisa lezi zinkinga. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenyama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, singasebenzela ukudala ikusasa elisimeme leplanethi yethu kanye nathi ngokwethu. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kunomthelela emazingeni okugawulwa kwamahlathi I…

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni ukudla, kunenqwaba yezinketho ezitholakalayo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nokuthambekela okukhulayo mayelana nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Njengoba kwanda ukukhathazeka ngempilo, indawo ezungezile, nenhlalakahle yezilwane, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukudla okugxile ekudleni izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, nemifino kuyilapho benciphisa noma beqeda imikhiqizo yezilwane. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokukhetha okuqondile, isinqumo sokwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni siphinde siphakamise ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okubalulekile. Njenganoma yiluphi ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela imiphumela yezimiso zokudla esikudlayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okuhilelekile ekukhetheni ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Sizohlola umthelela walokhu kushintsha kokudla endaweni ezungezile, inhlalakahle yezilwane nempilo yethu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizoxoxa futhi ngezinselele ezingaba khona kanye nemikhawulo yokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngokombono wesimilo. Ngu…

Ukudla kwasolwandle sekunesikhathi eside kuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emasikweni amaningi, okuhlinzeka ngomthombo wokudla nokuzinza kwezomnotho emiphakathini egudle ugu. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula kwesidingo sokudla kwasolwandle kanye nokwehla kwezinga lezinhlanzi zasendle, imboni isiphendukele ekulimeni izilwane zasemanzini - ukulima kwezilwane zasolwandle ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyisixazululo esimeme, inqubo yokulima ukudla kwasolwandle iza nesethi yayo yezindleko zokuziphatha nezemvelo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaphakama ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphathwa kahle kwezinhlanzi ezifuywayo, kanye nemithelela engemihle engaba khona ezinhlelweni zemvelo ezithambile zasolwandle. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena emhlabeni wokulima kwezilwane zasolwandle futhi sihlole izindaba ezahlukahlukene eziwuzungezile. Kusukela ekucatshangelweni kwezimiso zokuziphatha zokukhulisa izinhlanzi ekuthunjweni kuye emiphumeleni yemvelo yokusebenza kwezilwane zasemanzini ezinkulu, sizohlola iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezidlalwa ohambweni olusuka olwandle luye kwelinye. …

Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezezimboni, sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukukhuphula inani elikhulu lezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile ukukhiqiza inyama, ubisi namaqanda ukuze kusetshenziswe ngabantu. Ngenkathi ilethe ukusebenza kahle okwengeziwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zabathengi, imiphumela yezemvelo yalo mkhuba ibalulekile futhi ayinakwa. Ukusuka emoyeni nasekungcoleni kwamanzi ekulahlekelweni kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, amapulazi efektri anomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi ukulima kwefekthri kunomthelela kanjani ekunciphiseni kwemvelo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubhekana nalolu daba ngenxa yempilo yeplanethi yethu nokusimama kweplanethi yethu. Ngokuhlola izindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho amapulazi e-Fairly alimaze khona imvelo, singaqala ukuqonda ukuphuthuma kokuthola izindlela ezizinzile zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi siphakamise ...

Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ezolimo zezezimboni, sekuyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza ukudla emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Le ndlela ifaka ukukhulisa inani elikhulu lemfuyo ezikhaleni ezivalekile, ngenhloso eyinhloko yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nenzuzo. Ngenkathi kungabonakala njengendlela ephumelelayo yokondla inani labantu abakhulayo, imithelela emibi yokulima efektri kwimvelo yendawo yendawo kanye nemvelo yonke ingenakunakwa. Ukusuka ekungcoleni kwemithombo yamanzi kuya ekubhujisweni kwezindawo zemvelo, imiphumela yale ndlela yezolimo ethuthukile ifinyelela kude futhi ilimaze. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehla sijule emiphumeleni emibi yokulima efektri kwimvelo yendawo, futhi sihlole izindlela esingaziqwashisa ngazo ngalolu daba lokucindezela. Ngokuqonda ubukhulu benkinga futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokuyilungisa, singasebenzela ukudala uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile futhi olunobungane bemvelo ...

Sawubona lapho, abathandi bezilwane nabangane abanolwazi! Namuhla, sizongena esihlokweni esingahle singabi mnandi kakhulu ukudingida, kepha munye obaluleke kakhulu: amapulazi efekthri. Le misebenzi enkulu ayisho nje ukukhiqiza ukudla ngezinga elikhulu - nabo badlala indima enkulu ekusakazeni izifo kanye nokulimala kwemvelo emvelweni. Ake sihlole uhlangothi olumnyama lokulima efektri nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Ukudluliselwa kwezifo emapulazini efektri kungenye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezinkulu namapulazi efektri yindlela abangaba ngayo izizathu zokuzalela izifo. Bheka lokhu: Izilwane zigcwele ngokuqinile ezikhaleni ezivalekile, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ngezifo ukusakazeka njengomlilo wasendle. Ukusondela kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo zenza buthaka amasosha abo omzimba, kubenza bathambekele kakhulu ekufeni. Lokhu, nakho, kwandisa ubungozi bokudluliselwa kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane epulazini. Yini ngisho ...

Ulwandle luhlanganisa ngaphezulu kwama-70% omhlaba futhi luyikhaya lokuhlekisa ngempilo yasemanzini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sokudla kwasolwandle siholele ekukhuphukeni kwamapulazi olwandle namapulazi ezinhlanzi njengendlela yokudoba okuqhubekayo. Lawa mapulazi, abizwa nangokuthi ama-aquaculture, ajwayele ukubonwa njengesixazululo sokudoba ngokweqile nendlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso kukhona iqiniso elimnyama lomthelela lawa mapulazi anawo endalini yemvelo yasemanzini. Ngenkathi zingabonakala njengesixazululo ebusweni, iqiniso ukuthi amapulazi olwandle nama-fish angaba nemiphumela emibi emvelweni nasezilwaneni ezibiza ulwandle ekhaya. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehla ngokujulile emhlabeni wolwandle kanye nokulima izinhlanzi futhi siveze imiphumela efihliwe esisongela imvelo yethu engaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic nama-pesticides ku ...

I-nitrogen iyinto ebalulekile yokuphila emhlabeni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, lapho amanani aphezulu we-nitrogen engena imvelo, angaba nemiphumela elimazayo kwimvelo yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu. Omunye wabanikeli abaphambili kulolu daba ngumkhakha wezolimo, ngokuqondile ezolimo zezilwane. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuphathwa kwemfuyo, okubandakanya izinkomo, izinkukhu nezingulube, zixhunyaniswe namazinga abalulekile ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Le nto yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umanyolo nomquba, ocebile eNitrogen, nasekukhuphukeni kwe-ammonia okukhiqizwa imfucuza yezilwane. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho-ke ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wezolimo zezilwane ekungcoleni kwe-nitrogen. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo zezilwane nokungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen, sihlolisise izimbangela, imiphumela, kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona. Ngokuqonda lobu budlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi, ...

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo oluthuthukile lokukhulisa imfuyo yokukhiqiza ukudla, kube yimikhosi yokushayela ngemuva kokudla komhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso bale mboni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi enenzuzo kutholakala izindleko ezifihliwe nezibulalayo: Ukungcoliswa komoya. Ukukhishwa okuvela emapulazini asefekthri, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia, i-methane, udaba lokubandakanya, namanye amagesi amabi, kufaka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo emiphakathini yasendaweni kanye nabantu abaningi. Le ndlela yokuwohloka kwemvelo ivame ukunganakwa, kepha imiphumela yezempilo ifinyelela kude, okuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nezinye izimo zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Isilinganiso sokungcoliswa komoya ngamapulazi efektri efektri efektri anesibopho sengxenye enkulu yokungcoliswa komoya. Lezi zikhungo zihlala izinkulungwane zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile, lapho imfucuza inqamula ngamanani amakhulu. Njengoba izilwane zichitha imfucuza, amakhemikhali namagesi akhishwe emoyeni amunwa zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo. Ivolumu enkulu ...

Ukulima efektri, indlela yezolimo ezinamandla zezilwane, sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nezinkinga eziningi zemvelo nokuziphatha okuhle, kodwa enye yezinto ezikhohlisayo futhi ezivame ukunganakwa ukungcoliswa okukhiqizayo emoyeni. Imisebenzi yezimboni evutha izimboni, lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona eziminyene, izimo ezingezinhle, zikhiqiza inqwaba yokungcola komoya okufaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo, izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lo mbhalo uhlola indlela ukulima kahle efektri ngqo ebhekene nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nemiphumela emide efinyelela kude empilweni yethu, imvelo kanye nenhlala-kahle yezilwane ezihilelekile. Ukungcola kwamapulazi efektri efektri, noma okuhlanganisiwe kokudla kwezilwane (ama-cafos), izinkulungwane zendlu zezilwane ezikhaleni ezivalekile lapho zikhiqiza khona imfucumfucu. Lezi zindawo zingumthombo obalulekile wokungcoliswa komoya, ekhulula amagesi ahlukahlukene ayingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingena emkhathini. Ukungcola okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi: Ammonia (NH3): ...