Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu zesikhathi sethu, kanye nomphakathi womhlaba wonke obhekene nezinselelo ezingakaze zibonwe ekwehliseni ukuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wazo emvelweni. Ngenkathi ukugxila okuyisisekelo bekulokhu ku-carbon dioxide ukuphuma emisebenzini yabantu njengokuhamba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla, elinye igesi egugile, i-methane, imvamisa iyanakwa. I-Methane iphoqeke kakhudlwana ku-Carbon Dioxide ekushiseni ukushisa emkhathini womhlaba, futhi amazinga awo ayekhuphuka ngokuqinile eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokumangazayo, umthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokukhishwa kwe-methane ukuphuma ngaphandle kwemifula yamathambo, kodwa kusuka emfuyweni. Ukukhulisa nokucutshungulwa kwemfuyo yenyama, ubisi, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kufaka phakathi kakhulu ekuphumeni kwe-methane, okwenza imboni yemfuyo ibe ngumdlali omkhulu ekushiseni komhlaba. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indima yemfuyo ekuphumeni kwe-methane emzimbeni kanye nomthelela wayo ekushiseni komhlaba, futhi sixoxe ngezixazululo ezingaba khona ukunciphisa lokhu kukhishwa. Ngokuthola ukuqonda okungcono kobudlelwano phakathi kwemfuyo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-methane, singathatha izinyathelo eziya kusasa elizinzise futhi elinomthwalo wemvelo.

Imfuyo inikela ngamandla kakhulu ku-Methane Emissions

Umthelela obalulekile wemfuyo ekuphumeni kwe-methane ukuphuma ngokweqile. I-Methane, igesi enamandla yokuvikela ukushisa, ikhishwa ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezinhlelweni zokugaya kwezinkomo, izimvu nezinye izilwane ezivuselelayo. Njengoba lezi zilwane zidla futhi zigaya ukudla, zikhiqiza i-methane njengokuphuma kwezinqubo zazo zokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa komquba kanye nemikhuba yokugcina embonini yemfuyo inikela ekukhishweni kwe-methane emkhathini. Uma unikezwe isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo yomhlaba wonke kanye nesidingo esandayo semikhiqizo yezilwane, kubalulekile ukubhekana nendima yemfuyo ekuphumeni kwe-methane njengengxenye yemizamo ebanzi yokunciphisa ukufudumala komhlaba kanye.

I-Methane igesi enamandla okuvikela abamba ukushisa

IMethane, ukuba yigesi enamandla okuvikela abamba ukushisa, kubeka usongo olukhulu ekuqineni kwesimo sezulu seplanethi yethu. Inamandla aphezulu okufudumala aqhathaniswa ne-carbon dioxide, yize ihlala emkhathini isikhathi esifushane. I-Methane icishe ibe izikhathi ezingama-28 ngempumelelo ekushiseni ukushisa okungaphezu kwenkathi yeminyaka eyi-100. Imithombo yokukhishwa kwemithombo ye-methane ihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zemvelo ezifana namaxhaphozi kanye ne-sepage yendawo yemvelo, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu efana nokukhishwa kwamafutha okugcwala kwezindawo kanye nezolimo. Ukuqonda umthelela we-methane nokusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa ukuphuma kwayo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekulweni nokushisa komhlaba kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ezolimo zibalwa ngo-14% wokukhishwa komhlaba wonke

Ezolimo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni zifaka isandla ekuphumeni komhlaba wonke, zibalwa cishe ama-14% okukhishwa okuphelele emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa uhla lwemisebenzi, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukukhulisa imfuyo, kanye nezinguquko zokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Imithombo esemqoka yokuphuma kwegesi abamba ukushisa kwezolimo yi-methane ne-nitrous oxide. IMethane ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokugaya ukudla kwemfuyo, ikakhulukazi izimbotshana ezinjengezinkomo nezimvu, kanye nokubola kwemfucuza ye-organic ezimweni ze-anaerobic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oxide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhishwa ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni umanyolo osuselwa ku-nitrogen kanye nokuphathwa komquba. Njengoba silwela ukubhekana nenselele yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukuhlola izindlela ezizinzile zezolimo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphuma lapho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla komhlaba okhulayo.

Ukugaya imfuyo kukhiqiza igesi ye-methane

Ukukhishwa kwe-methane igesi kusuka ekugayweni kwemfuyo sekuye kwaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu esimweni sokushisa komhlaba. I-Methane, igesi enamandla yokuvikela ukushisa, ikhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya izilwane ezivuselelayo njengezinkomo nezimvu. Lezi zilwane zinezisu ezikhethekile ezenza ukuthi ukwephulwa kwezinto zezitshalo ze-fibrous, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-methane njengokusebenza kwayo. I-methane ekhiqizwa ngokugaya imfuyo inomthelela ekukhuleni okuphelele kokugxila kwegesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini, ukudonsa ukushisa nokukhulisa into yokushisa komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubhekana nalolu daba ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezizinzile zokulima, njengokudla okungcono kokudla kwezilwane, izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezisebenzayo, kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphuma kwe-methane kusuka emfuyweni. Ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane kusuka ekugayweni kwemfuyo, singenza izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela wezolimo ekushiseni kwembulunga yonke nokwakha ikusasa elizinzile.

Izilwane ezivuselelayo zingabanikeli abaphezulu

Izilwane ezivuselelayo, ezibandakanya izinkomo nezimvu, zidlala indima enkulu njengabanikeli abaphezulu ekuphumeni kwe-methane, kwandisa impikiswano yokushisa komhlaba. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zabo zokugaya ezikhethekile, lezi zilwane zikhiqiza amanani amakhulu we-methane ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-fibrous. Le methane, ngokuba yigesi enamandla yokushisa igesi, izicupho ukushisa emoyeni futhi zinomthelela ekwandeni okuphelele kokugxila kwegesi abamba ukushisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalolu daba ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezizinzile nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwe-methane ezilwaneni ezivuselelayo. Ngokuthatha izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthelela walezi zinto eziphumayo, singenza inqubekela phambili enkulu ekulweni nokushisa komhlaba.

Ukuphathwa komquba nakho kukhiqiza i-methane

Ngaphezu kokukhishwa kwe-methane ezikhiqizwe yizilwane ezivuselelayo, kubalulekile ukwamukela indima yokuphathwa komquba ekunikeleni ekukhuphukeni kwe-methane kanye nomthelela wayo ekushiseni komhlaba. Umquba uqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezihlaselwa yi-anaerobic, ukukhulula igesi ye-methane emkhathini. Le nqubo yenzeka ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zokulawulwa komquba njengezindawo zokugcina, ama-lagoons, nangesikhathi sohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba. Ukukhishwa kwe-methane ngesikhathi sokuphathwa komquba kubuye kukhulise izinselelo zezemvelo ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo.

I-Methane inezikhathi ezingama-28 zinomthelela we-CO2

Kuyavunywa kabanzi ukuthi i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa ekhiqizwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yabantu, inomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekushiseni komhlaba ngokuqhathaniswa nekhabhoni dioksijini. Eqinisweni, i-methane inesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokufudumeza amahlandla angama-28 e-CO2 esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-100. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla amakhulu kathane wokubamba ukushisa emoyeni. Ngenkathi i-CO2 ihlala isesimweni isikhathi eside, i-potency ye-methane yenza kube nomthelela obalulekile ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Ukuqonda umthelela ongenisakele kokukhishwa kwe-methane ukuphuma kuqinisa ukuphuthuma ukubhekana nemithombo yawo, kufaka phakathi nalabo abahlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kanye nokuphathwa komquba, ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukufudumala komhlaba kanye nemiphumela yako emhlabathini wethu.

Ekuphetheni, indima yemfuyo ekuphumeni kwe-methane nokushisa komhlaba ayinakunakwa. Ngenkathi kunezici eziningi ezifaka isandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukwamukela futhi ubhekane nomthelela wemfuyo ekuphumeni kwe-methane. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezizinzile nezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwe-methane futhi kunciphise imiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukuthatha isinyathelo nokwenza izinguquko embonini yezolimo ukuze wakhe ikusasa elizinzile kakhulu lomhlaba wethu.

FAQ

Ngabe imfuyo ifaka kanjani isandla ekuphumeni kwe-methane nokushisa komhlaba wonke?

Imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo nezimvu, zinomthelela ekuphumeni kwe-methane kanye nokushisa komhlaba ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuvutshelwa kwe-Enteric. Lapho lezi zilwane zigaya ukudla kwazo, ziveza i-methane njenge-byproduct, ekhishwa ngokugqekeza nokufutheka. IMethane igesi enamandla okuvikela abamba ukushisa, enekhono eliphakeme kakhulu lokufudumeza kunekhabhoni diokside. Ukukhuliswa okukhulu kwemfuyo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinamandla zokulima, kuholele ekukhuphukeni kokukhishwa kwe-methane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwepulazi lemfuyo kuholele ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi edlelo kanye nokuphakelwa kwezitshalo, okufakazelwa futhi ekushiseni komhlaba ngokunciphisa amandla omhlaba wokudonsa i-carbon dioxide.

Yimiphi imithombo eyinhloko yokukhishwa kwe-methane kusuka emfuyweni?

Imithombo esemqoka yokukhishwa kwe-methane okuvela emfuyweni i-Entermentation i-Entermentation, okuyinqubo yokugaya izilwane ezivuthayo njengezinkomo nezimvu ezikhiqiza i-methane njenge-byproduct, kanye nokuphathwa komquba, lapho i-methane idedelwa kusuka ekungcoleni kwezilwane okugcinwe. Le mithombo emibili ibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuphumeni kwe-methane ephelele emkhakheni we-livestock.

Ngabe izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfuyo ziyehluka kanjani ekukhiqizeni kwazo methane?

Izinhlobo zemfuyo ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka ekukhiqizweni kwazo kwe-methane ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinhlelo zayo zokugaya ukudla nokuphakela ukusebenza kahle. Izilwane ezivuselelayo, njengezinkomo nezimvu, zikhiqiza i-methane eyengeziwe ngokuqhathaniswa nezilwane ze-monogastric njengezingulube nezinkukhu. Ama-ruminants anesisu esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi yi-rumen, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuvutshelwa kwe-microbial kokuphamba, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-methane njenge-byproduct. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-ruminants athembela ekugayweni kwe-anaerobic microbial, okukhiqiza i-methane eyengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya kwe-aerobic ezilwaneni ze-monogastric. Ngokwengeziwe, ukwakheka okuphakelayo kanye nekhwalithi, kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha, nakho kungathonya ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemfuyo.

Yiziphi izixazululo ezingaba khona noma amasu okunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-methane kusuka emfuyweni?

Ezinye izixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-methane kusuka emfuyweni zibandakanya ukusebenzisa izinguquko zokudla ngokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zokuphakelayo, njengama-methane invitors noma izithasiselo zasolwandle ezingasiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ohlelweni lokugaya kwezilwane. Amanye amasu afaka ukwenza ngcono izindlela zokuphathwa kwezilwane, njengekhwalithi yokuphakelayo nokwenziwa kwenani, ukusebenzisa amasu angcono wokuphatha umquba, futhi athuthukise amasistimu wamadlelo ajikelezayo. Ngokwengeziwe, ukutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe ukukhomba nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezintsha, njengokusebenzisa ama-methane wokuthwebula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphuma kwe-methane kusuka emfuyweni.

Ibaluleke kangakanani indima yemfuyo ekukhuleni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nomthelela wawo ekushiseni komhlaba?

Iqhaza lemfuyo e-Greenhouse Gas Emissions libalulekile futhi linomthelela omkhulu ekushiseni komhlaba. Imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izinkomo, khiqiza i-methane, igesi enamandla yokuvikela ukushisa, ngokusebenzisa ukuvutshelwa kwe-enteric kanye nokuphathwa komquba. I-Methane inethuba eliphakeme lokufudumeza eliphakeme kune-carbon dioxide, okwenza imfuyo enomthelela omkhulu ekuphumeni kwamagesi afudumele emhlabeni. Ngokwengeziwe, ukulima imfuyo kunengxenye ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kokukhiqizwa kwamadlelo kanye nokondla, okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komkhakha we-Livestock kanye noguquko kubhekiswe ezinhlelweni zokudla ezizinzile futhi ezisuselwa ekufundeni ezisekelwe ekulimaleni kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukufudumala komhlaba.