Ezweni lapho abantu belwela ukuthola inani elikhulu lemali yabo ekuthengeni nasekutshaleni imali, kuyamangaza ukuthi isimiso esifanayo ngokuvamile asisebenzi emalini yokusiza abampofu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iningi elimangalisayo labanikeli alikunaki ukusebenza kweminikelo yabo, kanti abanikelayo abangaphansi kuka-10% base-US babheka ukuthi iminikelo yabo ifinyelela kude kangakanani ekusizeni abanye. Lesi sihloko sidingida izithiyo ezingokwengqondo ezivimbela abantu ekukhetheni izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezinomthelela omkhulu futhi sinikeza nemininingwane yokukhuthaza ukupha okusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Abacwaningi abalandela lolu cwaningo, uCaviola, Schubert, kanye noGreene, bahlole izithiyo ezingokomzwelo nezisekelwe olwazini eziholela abanikeli ukuba bathande izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezingasebenzi kahle. Ukuxhumana okungokomzwelo kuvame ukushayela iminikelo, nabantu abanikeza izimbangela ezithinta umuntu siqu, njengezifo ezithinta abathandekayo, ngisho noma kukhona izinketho ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukwengeza, abanikeli bavame ukukhetha izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, izimbangela zabantu kunezilwane, nezizukulwane zamanje kunezayo. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lugqamise “Umphumela Wezibalo,” lapho uzwelo luncipha njengoba inani lezisulu likhula, kanye nenselelo yokulandelela nokwazisa ukunikeza okuphumelelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibono eyiphutha kanye nokuchema kokuqonda kwenza kube nzima ukupha okusebenzayo. Abanikeli abaningi abaziqondi kahle izibalo ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwenhlangano esiza abampofu noma bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi azinakuqhathaniswa. "Inganekwane Ephezulu" egcwele yonke indawo iholela abantu ekucabangeni ngokungalungile ukuthi izindleko eziphezulu zokuphatha zilingana nokungasebenzi kahle. Ngokubhekana nale mibono eyiphutha kanye nezithiyo ezithinta imizwa, lesi sihloko sihlose ukuqondisa abanikeli ekwenzeni izinqumo zokupha ezinomthelela omkhulu.
Isifinyezo Ngu: Simon Zschieschang | Isifundo Soqobo Ngu: Caviola, L., Schubert, S., & Greene, JD (2021) | Kushicilelwe: Juni 17, 2024
Kungani abantu abaningi kangaka benikela ezinhlanganweni ezisiza abampofu ezingasebenzi? Abacwaningi bazama ukwembula i-psychology ngemuva kokupha okuphumelelayo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayathenga noma bayatshala, abantu bafuna ukuthola inani elikhulu lemali yabo. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngeminikelo yokupha, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi abantu abaningi babonakala bengenandaba nokusebenza kweminikelo yabo (ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi iminikelo yabo “ikude kangakanani” ekusizeni abanye). Isibonelo, ngaphansi kuka-10% wabanikeli base-US baze bacabangele ukusebenza kahle lapho benikela.
Kulo mbiko, abacwaningi bahlole isayense yengqondo ngemuva kokupha okuphumelela ngokumelene nokungasebenzi, okuhlanganisa nezinselele zangaphakathi ezivimbela abantu ekukhetheni izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezizokwandisa izipho zabo. Baphinde banikeze nemininingwane yokukhuthaza abanikeli ukuthi bacabangele izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuzayo.
Izithiyo Ezingokomzwelo Zokunikela Okuphumelelayo
Ngokusho kwababhali, ukunikela kuvame kubukwa njengokuzikhethela komuntu siqu. Abanikeli abaningi banikela ezinhlanganweni ezisiza abampofu abazizwa bexhumene nazo, njengezisulu ezihlushwa isifo abathandekayo babo nabo abaphethwe yiso. Ngisho nalapho betshelwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezisiza abampofu zisebenza kangcono, abanikeli bavame ukuqhubeka benikela ezindleleni ezijwayeleke kakhudlwana. Ucwaningo lwabaxhasi base-US abangu-3,000 lubonise ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu ayizange ngisho icwaninge ngenhlangano esiza abantulayo abayinikezile.
Umbono ofanayo uyasebenza kubanikeli abakhetha izimbangela zezilwane: abalobi babonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bakhetha ukunikela kumngane wezilwane , nakuba izilwane ezifuywayo zihlupheka ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.
Ezinye izithiyo ezihlobene nemizwa ekunikezeni ngempumelelo zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Ibanga: Abanikeli abaningi bancamela ukunikeza izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi zasendaweni (vs zakwamanye amazwe), abantu ngaphezu kwezilwane, nezizukulwane zamanje ngaphezu kwezizukulwane ezizayo.
- Umphumela Wezibalo: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ububele ngokuvamile buyancipha njengoba inani lezisulu landa. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucela iminikelo yesisulu esisodwa, esikhonjwa ngokuvamile kuphumelela kakhulu kunokufaka ohlwini izinombolo ezinkulu zezisulu. (Inothi lomhleli: Ucwaningo lwe-Faunalytics lwango-2019 luthole ukuthi okufanayo akulona iqiniso ngezilwane ezifuywayo - abantu bazimisele ukunikeza inani elifanayo noma ngabe kusetshenziswe isisulu esikhonjwayo noma inani elikhulu lezisulu esikhalazweni.)
- Isithunzi: Ababhali baphikisa ngokuthi, ngokomlando, ukupha “okusebenza kahle” kungaba nzima ukukulandela nokukubonisa. Njengoba umphakathi uthambekele ekwaziseni ukuzidela komuntu siqu komnikeli ngaphezu kwenzuzo yomphakathi yesipho sakhe, lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe bazisa abanikeli abanikela ngokungasebenzi kodwa abanezipho ezibonakalayo kakhulu kunalabo abapha ngokuphumelelayo nabanokuncane abazokubonisa ngakho.
Izithiyo Ezisekelwe Olwazini Zokunikela Okuphumelelayo
Ababhali bayaqhubeka nokuchaza ukuthi imibono eyiphutha kanye nokuchema komqondo nakho kuyizinselele ezinkulu ekunikezeni ngempumelelo. Abanye abantu, ngokwesibonelo, abaqondi nje izibalo ezibangela ukupha okuphumelelayo, kuyilapho abanye becabanga ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngokusebenza ngempumelelo (ikakhulukazi uma zisebenza ngezinkinga ezihlukene).
Umbono oyiphutha ovamile yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Inganekwane Ephezulu." Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izindleko eziphezulu zokuphatha zenza izinhlangano ezisiza abampofu zingasebenzi, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi akunjalo. Eminye imibono eyiphutha ukuthi ukusiza isibalo esikhulu sabantu “kuwukwehla nje olwandle” noma ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza abantulayo ezisabela ezinhlekeleleni zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho empeleni ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezisebenza ezinkingeni eziqhubekayo zivame ukusebenza kakhulu.
Nakuba ezinye izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi zisebenza ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, abantu abavamile ngokwesilinganiso bacabanga ukuthi izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezisebenza kahle zisebenza ngokuphindwe ka-1.5. Ababhali bathi kuzo zonke izimbangela izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi azisebenzi, kunezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezimbalwa kuphela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokubona kwabo, abaxhasi abayeki “ukuthenga” ezinhlanganweni ezisiza abampofu ezingasebenzi ngendlela abangase bayeke ngayo ukusiza inkampani engasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, asikho isisusa sokuthuthukisa.
Ukukhuthaza Ukupha Okuphumelelayo
Ababhali banikeza iziphakamiso ezimbalwa zokunqoba izinselele ezibalwe ngenhla. Izinkinga ezisekelwe olwazini zingaxazululwa ngokufundisa abantu mayelana nemibono yabo eyiphutha nokuchema, nakuba ucwaningo lubonise imiphumela exubile yaleli su. Ngaleso sikhathi, ohulumeni nabameli bangasebenzisa ukwakheka kwekhethelo (isb, ukwenza izinhlangano ezisiza abampofu eziphumelelayo zibe yisinqumo esizenzakalelayo lapho bebuza abanikeli ukuthi bafuna ukubanikeza bani) kanye nezibonelelo (isb, izinxephezelo zentela).
Ukunqoba izithiyo ezingokomzwelo kungase kube inselele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba kungase kudinge ushintsho lwesikhathi eside ezinkambisweni zomphakathi mayelana nokunikela. Esikhathini esifushane , ababhali baqaphela ukuthi isu elilodwa lingabandakanya ukucela abanikeli ukuthi bahlukanise iminikelo yabo phakathi kwenketho yemizwa kanye nokukhetha okusebenzayo.
Nakuba abantu abaningi bebheka ukupha njengokuzikhethela komuntu siqu, ukukhetha komuntu ngamunye, ukukhuthaza abanikelayo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezisebenza kahle kungahamba ibanga elide ekusizeni inqwaba yezilwane ezifuywayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke abameli bezilwane kufanele bafune ukuqonda ipsychology ngemuva kokupha kanye nendlela yokuhlela izinqumo zabantu zokunikela.
Qaphela: Lokhu okuqukethwe bekushicilelwe ekuqaleni ngoFaunalyTics.org futhi kungahle kungabonisi imibono ye Humane Foundation.
