Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kuvame ukubonwa njengokuzikhethela komuntu siqu, kepha imiphumela yawo ifinyelela kude kakhulu ngepuleti lesidlo sakusihlwa. Ukusuka ekukhiqizweni kwayo emapulazini asefekthri emdlalweni wawo emiphakathini ebincishwe amathuba, imboni yenyama ixhumene kahle nochungechunge lwezinkinga zobulungiswa bezenhlalo ezifanelana kakhulu. Ngokuhlola ubukhulu bokukhiqizwa kwenyama, sembula iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yokungalingani, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo okukhuliswa yisidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezilwane. Kulesi sihloko, siyangena ngoba inyama akuyona nje ukukhetha kokudla kepha ukukhathazeka okukhulu kobulungiswa emphakathini.
Kulo nyaka kuphela, amathani alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-760 (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-800) ama-conn ne-soy azosetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane. Iningi lalezi zilimo, nokho ngeke likhundle abantu nganoma iyiphi indlela enengqondo. Esikhundleni salokho, bazoya emfuyweni, lapho baguquke khona babe yimfucuza, kunokuba banakekele. Lokho okusanhlamvu, lawo ma-soya-izinsizakusebenza ezazisekele abantu abaningi - bangonakaliswa ehlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwenyama.
Lokhu kusebenza kokungasebenzi kahle kukhuliswa yisakhiwo samanje sokukhiqizwa kokudla komhlaba wonke, lapho iningi lomphumela wezolimo lwezolimo luphambukiswa kokudla kwezilwane, hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwabantu. Usizi lwangempela yilokho, ngenkathi amanani amakhulu ezilimo ezidliwayo zabantu asetshenziselwa ukukhulula imboni yenyama, awahumushi ekuvikelekeni kokudla okukhulu. Eqinisweni, iningi lalezi zilimo, ezazingazondla izigidi zabantu, ekugcineni zinegalelo emjikelezweni wokuwohloka kwezemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza okungafanele, kanye nokujula kwendlala.
Kepha inkinga ayisho nje imfucuza; Kumayelana nokungalingani okukhulayo. I-Unictions (UN) kanye nenhlangano yokusebenzisana kwezomnotho nentuthuko (OECD) ibikezela ukuthi ukufunwa kwenyama yomhlaba wonke kuzoqhubeka ukukhuphuka ngesilinganiso esingu-2,5% ngonyaka eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Lesi sidingo esikhukhusayo senyama sizophumela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwenani lokusanhlamvu kanye nosoya okumele likhule futhi linikezwe imfuyo. Ukuhlangana nalesi sidingo esikhulayo kuzoncintisana ngokuqondile nezidingo zokudla zabampofu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezivele zibhekene nokungavikeleki kokudla.
Umbiko we-UN / OECD upenda isithombe esibuhlungu sokuthi yini: Uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka, kuzoba sengathi amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-19, azophambukiswa efulethini ngonyaka olandelayo kuphela. Lelo nani lizokhulisa kakhulu, lifinyelela amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka. Lokhu akuyona nje into yokungasebenzi kahle - kuyindaba yokuphila nokufa. Ukuphambukiswa kwamanani anjalo afana nezilimo ezidliwayo ekuphathweni kwezilwane kuzokhulisa kakhulu ukusweleka kokudla, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Labo asesengozini enkulu kunazo zonke - labo ngaphandle kwezinsizakusebenza zokuthola ukudla okwanele - bayothwala lokhu kwenhlekelele.
Le nkinga akuyona nje into ekhathazayo kwezomnotho; Kuyinto yokuziphatha. Minyaka yonke, ngenkathi izigidi zamathani ezitshalo zinikezwa imfuyo, izigidi zabantu zilamba. Uma izinsizakusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukudla kwezilwane zaqondiswa kabusha ekondleni elambile emhlabeni, kungasiza ukudambisa ukungavikeleki kokudla kwamanje. Esikhundleni salokho, imboni yenyama isebenza ngokuchithwa kwabantu abasengozini enkulu kunazo zonke, beshayela umjikelezo wobuphofu, ukungondleki kanye nokubhujiswa kwemvelo.
Njengoba ukufunwa kwenyama kuyaqhubeka ukukhuphuka, uhlelo lokudla lomhlaba wonke luzobhekana nenkinga enzima kakhulu: noma ngabe uqhubeka nokukhulisa imboni yenyama, esevele ebhekene nezinhlelo ezizinzile, noma ukuguqukela ezinhlelweni zabantu eziqhubekela phambili kwezempilo yabantu nokudla. Impendulo icacile. Uma izitayela zamanje ziqhubeka, sibeka engcupheni egxeka ingxenye enkulu yobuntu esikhathini esizayo esimakwe yindlala, izifo kanye nokuwa kwemvelo.
Ngenxa yalokhu ukuqagela okusangulukisayo, kubalulekile ukuthi siphinde sihlole uhlelo lokudla lomhlaba wonke. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokunciphisa ukuthembela kwethu ekukhiqizeni kwenyama okugxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinsizakusebenza kanye nasekuguqukelweni kwezindlela ezizinzile kakhulu nezindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ngokwamukela ukudla okususelwa kwizitshalo, ukukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezizinzile, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakusebenza zokudla zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, singanciphisa umthelela wokukhuphuka kwenyama, sinciphise imfucuza, futhi sisebenzele ngokuqhubekayo, kanye nekusasa elihle kakhulu.
Ukuxhashazwa Kwezabasebenzi embonini yenyama
Enye yezindlela ezibonakala kakhulu futhi ezikhohlisayo zokungabi nabulungisa embonini yenyama ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi labo abasemapulazini okugeza namapulazi efektri. Lezi zisebenzi, eziningi zazo ezivela emiphakathini ebincishwe amathuba, zibhekana nezimo ezinzima nezingozi zokusebenza. Amanani aphezulu okulimala, ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi, kanye nokukhokhiswa kwengqondo kwezilwane ezicutshungulwa zokubulawa kuvamile. Iningi lalaba basebenzi lingabafuduki kanye nabantu bombala, abaningi babo abangenakufinyelela ekuvikelweni kwayo okwanele noma ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yokuhlanza inyama inomlando omude wokubandlululwa, kanye nabasebenzi abaningi ababhekene nobuzwe nobuntu obusekelwe ebulilini. Umsebenzi ufunwa ngokomzimba, futhi abasebenzi bavame ukukhuthazelela umholo ophansi, ukuntuleka kwezinzuzo, kanye namathuba akhawulelwe ukuthuthuka. Ngezindlela eziningi, imboni yenyama idale inzuzo yayo emhlane wabasebenzi abasengozini ethwala imikhuba yayo enobuthi futhi engaphephile.
Ukucwasana Kwezemvelo kanye nomthelela emiphakathini yendabuko nephansi
Umthelela wezemvelo wezolimo efektri athinta kahle imiphakathi ebekelwe amathuba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala emisebenzini yezolimo yezilwane ezinkulu. Le miphakathi, evame ukwakhiwa ngabantu bomdabu kanye nabantu bombala, babhekane nokungcoliswa kwamapulazi efektri, kufaka phakathi ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi emqubeni wokubaleka, kanye nokubhujiswa kwemvelo yendawo. Ezimweni eziningi, le miphakathi isivele ibhekana namazinga aphezulu obuphofu kanye nokufinyelela okungekuhle ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, okwenza babe sengozini enkulu yemiphumela elimazayo yokuwohloka kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwezemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulima.
Ngemiphakathi yendabuko, ukulima efektri kufanekisela hhayi kuphela usongo lwemvelo kodwa futhi kuphululwa ubudlelwane babo namasiko abo nangokomoya ezweni. Abantu abaningi bomdabu bake baba nokuxhumana okujulile emhlabeni kanye nezindlela zalo zemvelo. Ukwanda kwamapulazi efektri, kaningi emazweni abaluleke kakhulu kule miphakathi, amele uhlobo lwekoloni lezemvelo. Njengoba izintshisekelo zezolimo zebhizinisi zikhula, le miphakathi iyabaleka futhi yahluthwa amandla abo okugcina imikhuba yokusebenzisa umhlaba, enye indlela ekhulisa ukubekelwa phansi kwabo emphakathini nakwezomnotho.
Ukuhlupheka Kwezilwane Nokungalingani Kokuziphatha
Enhlizweni yemboni yenyama kulele ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane. Ukulima efektri, lapho izilwane zikhuliswa lapho zivalelwe futhi zibhekiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingcolile, kuyindlela yonya oluhle kakhulu. Imiphumela yokuziphatha kwalokhu kwelashwa akugcini nje ngenhlalonhle yezilwane kuphela kodwa futhi ibonisa ukungalingani okubanzi kwezenhlalo nezokuziphatha okuhle. Ukulima ifektri kusebenza ngemodeli ebona izilwane njengempahla, ezinganaki inani lazo lemvelo njengezinto ezifundela ezinekhono elikwazi ukuhlupheka.
Lokhu kuxhashazwa okuhleliwe kuvame ukungabonakali kubathengi, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yomhlaba, lapho imboni yenyama isebenzisa khona amandla ezomnotho nakwezepolitiki ukuze ivikeleke ekuhlolweni komphakathi. Kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abasemiphakathini emibi, ukuhlupheka kwezilwane kuba ukungabi nabulungisa okufihlekile, abangakwazi ukuphunyula ngenxa yesimo esivelele semakethe yenyama yomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenyama ezizweni ezicebile kuhlanganiswe namaphethini womhlaba wokungalingani. Izinsizakusebenza ezihamba zikhiqiza inyama - njengamanzi, umhlaba, nokuphakela - zihlukaniswe ngokungalingani, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinsiza zemvelo ezizweni ezimpofu. Lezi zifunda, ezivame ukubhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla nokungazinzi kwezomnotho, azikwazi ukufinyelela izinzuzo zezinsizakusebenza ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama eningi.
Izimo zezempilo ezixhumene nokusetshenziswa kwenyama
Ukungafani kwezempilo kungenye yezici zokukhathazeka kwezobulungiswa kwezenhlalo eziboshelwe ukusetshenziswa kwenyama. Imikhiqizo yezilwane esetshenzisiwe kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo zixhumene nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zempilo, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, ukukhuluphala, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Emiphakathini eminingi engenayo imali ephansi, ukufinyelela kokudla okungabizi, okunempilo kukhawulelwe, kuyilapho inyama eshibhile, ecutshunguliwe itholakala kalula. Lokhu kunomthelela ekungalingani kwezempilo okukhona phakathi kwabantu abacebile nabangabekiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithelela yemvelo yezolimo yefektri, njengokungcola komoya nokungcola kwamanzi, nayo yiba nomthelela ezindabeni zezempilo emiphakathini eseduze. Izakhamizi ezihlala eduze kwamapulazi efektri zivame ukuzwa amanani aphezulu ezinkinga zokuphefumula, izimo zesikhumba, nezinye izifo ezixhumene nokungcoliswa okukhishwe yile misebenzi. Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwalezi zingozi zempilo kugcizelela ukuhlangana kobulungiswa bezenhlalo, lapho ukulimala kwezemvelo nokungalingani kwezempilo kuhlangana khona ukuze kukhulise imithwalo kubantu abasengozini.
Ukuhamba ngekusasa elisuselwa kwizitshalo
Ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwezobulungiswa kwezenhlalo okuhlanganiswe ekusebenziseni kwenyama kudinga ushintsho oluhlelekile. Enye yezindlela ezithintekayo kakhulu zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokunciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo yezilwane kanye noguquko ekudleni okususelwa ekudleni. Ukudla okususelwa ekudleni akugcini nje ngokudambisa umonakalo owenziwe ngemvelo okubangelwa ukulima efektri kodwa futhi usize ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi ngokunciphisa isidingo sokukhiqizwa kwenyama okuxhaphazelayo. Ngokusekela ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswa izitshalo, abathengi bangaphonsela inselelo ukungalingani okugxilile embonini yenyama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okususelwa ekuphumeni kwezitshalo kungaba nomthelela ohlelweni lokudla lomhlaba wonke olulinganayo. Ngokugxila ezitshalweni ezinikeza umsoco ngaphandle kokubhujiswa kwemvelo okubangelwa ezolimo zezilwane, uhlelo lokudla lomhlaba wonke lungaqhubekela ezinkambisweni ezizinzile kakhulu futhi nje. Le shift iphinde inikeze ithuba lokusekela imiphakathi yendabuko emizamweni yawo yokubuyisa umhlaba nezinsizakusebenza ngezindlela ezizinzile zezolimo, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye ukulimala okubangelwa imisebenzi emikhulu yokulima izimboni.
